E. Sumathi, V. Baskaran, S. Kowsika, M. Vignesh, V. Ranjitha, M.S.R. Haran, V. Karthik, M. Umadevi, R. Sasikala
Background: Red spider mite, Tetranychus truncatus Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae) infests many agriculture and horticulture crops in India, but to date it had not been found damaging cultivated groundnut. During 2022-23, the incidence of this species was high in many groundnut growing regions of Tamil Nadu. Identification of the species is highly essential for effective management of the particular pest. Hence, the aim of this research was to identify the mite species infesting groundnut crop and describe the damage caused. Methods: Survey was carried out all over Tamil Nadu and samples of mite infested groundnut leaves were collected from field based on damage symptoms, observed and examined under Stereo zoom microscope, microslides were prepared using Hoyer’s medium and taxonomic characters were studied under phase contrast microscope. Molecular analysis was done by genomic DNA isolation, PCR amplification, sequencing and BLAST performed to check the identity with GenBank Sequences. ITS2 primer was used. Result: Red spider mite species, T. truncatus was identified first time in groundnut through both morphological characters and molecular tools. Female: Idiosomal setae longer than the interval between their longitudinal bases and gradually tapers distally. Diamond- shaped pattern of striae between e1 and f1 setal bases. Tarsus I with 4 tactile setae proximal to proximal duplex setae. Male: Aedeagus with tiny terminal knob, apparently truncate with a slight indentation on the dorsal margin.
背景：红蜘蛛螨（Tetranychus truncatus Ehara）（Acari: Tetranychidae）为害印度许多农业和园艺作物，但迄今为止尚未发现它危害栽培花生。2022-23 年期间，该物种在泰米尔纳德邦许多花生种植区的发生率很高。鉴定该物种对于有效管理这种特殊害虫至关重要。因此，本研究旨在确定花生作物中的螨虫种类，并描述其造成的危害。研究方法在泰米尔纳德邦各地进行调查，并根据受害症状从田间采集受螨虫侵害的花生叶片样本，在立体变焦显微镜下进行观察和检查，使用霍伊尔培养基制备显微切片，在相差显微镜下研究分类特征。通过基因组 DNA 分离、PCR 扩增、测序和 BLAST 进行分子分析，以检查与 GenBank 序列的一致性。使用了 ITS2 引物。结果通过形态特征和分子工具，首次在落花生中鉴定出红蜘蛛螨种 T. truncatus。雌虫：等距刚毛长于其纵向基部之间的间隔，上部逐渐变细。e1 和 f1 刚毛基部之间的条纹呈菱形。跗节 I 近端有 4 根触觉刚毛，与近端双节刚毛相连。雄性：拟尾状茎具细小的末端节，明显截形，背面边缘有轻微凹痕。
{"title":"First Report of Tetranychus truncatus Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae) Infesting Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in India through Morphological and Molecular Insight","authors":"E. Sumathi, V. Baskaran, S. Kowsika, M. Vignesh, V. Ranjitha, M.S.R. Haran, V. Karthik, M. Umadevi, R. Sasikala","doi":"10.18805/lr-5285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5285","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Red spider mite, Tetranychus truncatus Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae) infests many agriculture and horticulture crops in India, but to date it had not been found damaging cultivated groundnut. During 2022-23, the incidence of this species was high in many groundnut growing regions of Tamil Nadu. Identification of the species is highly essential for effective management of the particular pest. Hence, the aim of this research was to identify the mite species infesting groundnut crop and describe the damage caused. Methods: Survey was carried out all over Tamil Nadu and samples of mite infested groundnut leaves were collected from field based on damage symptoms, observed and examined under Stereo zoom microscope, microslides were prepared using Hoyer’s medium and taxonomic characters were studied under phase contrast microscope. Molecular analysis was done by genomic DNA isolation, PCR amplification, sequencing and BLAST performed to check the identity with GenBank Sequences. ITS2 primer was used. Result: Red spider mite species, T. truncatus was identified first time in groundnut through both morphological characters and molecular tools. Female: Idiosomal setae longer than the interval between their longitudinal bases and gradually tapers distally. Diamond- shaped pattern of striae between e1 and f1 setal bases. Tarsus I with 4 tactile setae proximal to proximal duplex setae. Male: Aedeagus with tiny terminal knob, apparently truncate with a slight indentation on the dorsal margin.","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"25 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140968576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Somanagouda, R. Channakeshava, Shalini N. Huilgol, G.K. Naidu, Harshiya Banu, Fakeerappa Arabhanvi
Background: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is the most important major oilseed crop among the edible oil seed crops. It has emerged as a potential protein as well as oilseed crop worldwide. The average productivity of soybean is low due to less importance and mostly grown under rain-fed condition without using bio-fertilizers (novel bio-formulations). Hence the current study was carried out to enhance the productivity and profitability of soybean under rainfed condition. Methods: The present investigation was carried out at AICRP on Soybean, Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad with medium deep black soil under rainfed condition. The experiment was executed in a Randomized Block Design with three replications and seven treatments. The influence of bioformulations on growth, yield parameters, yield, economics, quality and nutrient status of soybean (DSb 21) was carried out during kharif 2021-22 and 2022-23. Result: The pooled data of two years concluded that, application of 100% RDF alone (T2) was recorded significantly higher dry matter production (79.2 g plant-1), pods per plant (64.0), seed index (14.41 g), seed yield (2,797 kg ha-1) and straw yield (4,340 kg ha-1) and similarly higher uptake of nitrogen (103.74 kg ha-1), phosphorus (17.54 kg ha-1) and potassium (91.40 kg ha-1) in soybean crop followed by next best treatment with application of 75 per cent RDF + Rhizobium + MDSR14 + 12c (76.6 g plant-1, 61.6, 14.19 g, 2,631, 4,170, 100.12, 16.73 and 86.64 kg ha-1 respectively) (T7) as compared to other treatments. Further, higher net returns (Rs.1,13,015 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (4.73) was also obtained in T7. Therefore, the application of 75 per cent RDF + Rhizobium + MDSR14 + 12c can be recommended for eco-friendly, economically viable, environmentally sound and sustainability in nature, besides improving the physico chemical properties of soil and in turn higher productivity and profitability under medium deep black soil in Northern Transition zone of Karnataka (India).
{"title":"Influence of Bioformulations on Productivity, Profitability and Quality in Soybean under Rainfed Condition of Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka","authors":"G. Somanagouda, R. Channakeshava, Shalini N. Huilgol, G.K. Naidu, Harshiya Banu, Fakeerappa Arabhanvi","doi":"10.18805/lr-5270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5270","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is the most important major oilseed crop among the edible oil seed crops. It has emerged as a potential protein as well as oilseed crop worldwide. The average productivity of soybean is low due to less importance and mostly grown under rain-fed condition without using bio-fertilizers (novel bio-formulations). Hence the current study was carried out to enhance the productivity and profitability of soybean under rainfed condition. Methods: The present investigation was carried out at AICRP on Soybean, Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad with medium deep black soil under rainfed condition. The experiment was executed in a Randomized Block Design with three replications and seven treatments. The influence of bioformulations on growth, yield parameters, yield, economics, quality and nutrient status of soybean (DSb 21) was carried out during kharif 2021-22 and 2022-23. Result: The pooled data of two years concluded that, application of 100% RDF alone (T2) was recorded significantly higher dry matter production (79.2 g plant-1), pods per plant (64.0), seed index (14.41 g), seed yield (2,797 kg ha-1) and straw yield (4,340 kg ha-1) and similarly higher uptake of nitrogen (103.74 kg ha-1), phosphorus (17.54 kg ha-1) and potassium (91.40 kg ha-1) in soybean crop followed by next best treatment with application of 75 per cent RDF + Rhizobium + MDSR14 + 12c (76.6 g plant-1, 61.6, 14.19 g, 2,631, 4,170, 100.12, 16.73 and 86.64 kg ha-1 respectively) (T7) as compared to other treatments. Further, higher net returns (Rs.1,13,015 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (4.73) was also obtained in T7. Therefore, the application of 75 per cent RDF + Rhizobium + MDSR14 + 12c can be recommended for eco-friendly, economically viable, environmentally sound and sustainability in nature, besides improving the physico chemical properties of soil and in turn higher productivity and profitability under medium deep black soil in Northern Transition zone of Karnataka (India).\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"115 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaveri Chawan, P. Ravishankar, S. Ramesh, T. Onkarappa, H.H. Sowmya
Background: Core collection of germplasm accelerates breeding objective of a crop. A core set of trait specific accessions reduces time, money and valuable man power in any crop breeding system and Standard stratified clustering approach is the most preferred approach to construct the coreset. Methods: During summer of 2020-21, the genetic variability of 2000 soybean germplasm accessions were assessed at University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru. The clustering approach was deployed to develop 8 core sets from the base collection based on 13 qualitative and 7 quantitative traits. The core sets were validated using various univariate and multivariate statistics to assess their representativeness of the base collection. During kharif 2021, 300 germplasm accessions (15% core size) were evaluated at two sites viz., GKVK, Bengaluru and KVK Doddaballapur, to identify trait-specific accessions from the best core set. Result: Eight core sets were developed in the current study using the SSC approach. Logarithmic sampling with preferred allocation approach-based core set of 15% size was identified as the best representative of the base collection. Many trait-specific accessions were found promising for the combination of desirable traits from the best core set suggesting their preferential use in breeding programme.
{"title":"Development and Validation of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Core Sets and Identification of Trait-specific Accessions from the Best Core Set","authors":"Kaveri Chawan, P. Ravishankar, S. Ramesh, T. Onkarappa, H.H. Sowmya","doi":"10.18805/lr-5215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5215","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Core collection of germplasm accelerates breeding objective of a crop. A core set of trait specific accessions reduces time, money and valuable man power in any crop breeding system and Standard stratified clustering approach is the most preferred approach to construct the coreset. Methods: During summer of 2020-21, the genetic variability of 2000 soybean germplasm accessions were assessed at University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru. The clustering approach was deployed to develop 8 core sets from the base collection based on 13 qualitative and 7 quantitative traits. The core sets were validated using various univariate and multivariate statistics to assess their representativeness of the base collection. During kharif 2021, 300 germplasm accessions (15% core size) were evaluated at two sites viz., GKVK, Bengaluru and KVK Doddaballapur, to identify trait-specific accessions from the best core set. Result: Eight core sets were developed in the current study using the SSC approach. Logarithmic sampling with preferred allocation approach-based core set of 15% size was identified as the best representative of the base collection. Many trait-specific accessions were found promising for the combination of desirable traits from the best core set suggesting their preferential use in breeding programme.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"105 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Pramanik, M. Kumari, G.S. Sahu, G.C. Acharya, P. Tripathy, M. Dash, C. Jena
Background: Extreme phenotypes carried on by transgressive segregation are, moreover, heritably stable in contrast to heterosis. It has been hypothesized that the development of extreme or “transgressive” traits in segregating hybrid populations assists in the adaptive divergence of hybrid taxa. The investigation on French bean was experimented to evaluate transgressive segregants generated in the F2 generation for yield and related traits. Methods: The present study on French bean was conducted during rabi 2019 to 2022 to elicit data on transgressive segregants produced for yield and related traits in F2 generation. Fertile F1 hybrids were developed from three crosses: IC 632961 × Arka Sukomal, IC 632961 × Arka Arjun and Arka Arjun × IC 63296. Heterosis was estimated for yield and related traits in these hybrids. The F2 progeny were evaluated in open field condition. Mean, standard deviation and percentage of transgressive segregants were estimated for quantitative traits under investigation. Result: Transgressive segregants were observed in all three crosses, with the highest number of transgressive segregants for yield traits found in the progeny of the cross IC 632961 × Arka Sukomal. The identification and isolation of such transgressive segregants indicate that the parents possess favourable alleles and genes governing the traits of interest, which can be consolidated into a single or a few genotypes through stringent selection. Superior and desirable transgressive segregants were observed for all sixteen yield and its component traits, except for leaf length, in the two cross combinations Arka Arjun × IC 632961 and IC 632961 × Arka Arjun. The highest percentage of transgressive segregation was observed for the number of inflorescences per plant (79.49%), followed by the number of pods per plant (78.46%) and pod yield per plant (75.61%) in the F2 generation.
背景：通过转性分离产生的极端表型在遗传上是稳定的，这与杂交形成鲜明对比。据推测，杂交群体中极端或 "转性 "性状的发展有助于杂交类群的适应性分化。对四季豆的调查是为了评估在 F2 代中产生的转基因分离株的产量和相关性状。研究方法本研究是在 2019 年至 2022 年秋季对四季豆进行的，目的是获得 F2 代中产生的产量和相关性状的转基因分离株的数据。从三个杂交种中培育出了可育的 F1 代杂交种：IC 632961 × Arka Sukomal、IC 632961 × Arka Arjun 和 Arka Arjun × IC 63296。对这些杂交种的产量和相关性状进行了杂交估计。在露地条件下对 F2 后代进行了评估。对所研究的数量性状的平均值、标准偏差和转性分离株的百分比进行了估算。结果在所有三个杂交种中都观察到了转基因分离株，其中产量性状转基因分离株数量最多的是 IC 632961 × Arka Sukomal 杂交后代。这类转基因分离株的鉴定和分离表明，亲本具有调控相关性状的有利等位基因和基因，通过严格的选择，这些等位基因和基因可以整合成一个或几个基因型。在 Arka Arjun × IC 632961 和 IC 632961 × Arka Arjun 这两个杂交组合中，除了叶长外，所有 16 个产量及其组成性状都观察到了优良和理想的转基因分离株。在 F2 代中，每株花序数的转基因分离率最高（79.49%），其次是每株豆荚数（78.46%）和每株豆荚产量（75.61%）。
{"title":"Assessment of Transgressive Segregants for Yield and its Component Traits in French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","authors":"K. Pramanik, M. Kumari, G.S. Sahu, G.C. Acharya, P. Tripathy, M. Dash, C. Jena","doi":"10.18805/lr-5301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Extreme phenotypes carried on by transgressive segregation are, moreover, heritably stable in contrast to heterosis. It has been hypothesized that the development of extreme or “transgressive” traits in segregating hybrid populations assists in the adaptive divergence of hybrid taxa. The investigation on French bean was experimented to evaluate transgressive segregants generated in the F2 generation for yield and related traits. Methods: The present study on French bean was conducted during rabi 2019 to 2022 to elicit data on transgressive segregants produced for yield and related traits in F2 generation. Fertile F1 hybrids were developed from three crosses: IC 632961 × Arka Sukomal, IC 632961 × Arka Arjun and Arka Arjun × IC 63296. Heterosis was estimated for yield and related traits in these hybrids. The F2 progeny were evaluated in open field condition. Mean, standard deviation and percentage of transgressive segregants were estimated for quantitative traits under investigation. Result: Transgressive segregants were observed in all three crosses, with the highest number of transgressive segregants for yield traits found in the progeny of the cross IC 632961 × Arka Sukomal. The identification and isolation of such transgressive segregants indicate that the parents possess favourable alleles and genes governing the traits of interest, which can be consolidated into a single or a few genotypes through stringent selection. Superior and desirable transgressive segregants were observed for all sixteen yield and its component traits, except for leaf length, in the two cross combinations Arka Arjun × IC 632961 and IC 632961 × Arka Arjun. The highest percentage of transgressive segregation was observed for the number of inflorescences per plant (79.49%), followed by the number of pods per plant (78.46%) and pod yield per plant (75.61%) in the F2 generation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"84 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. S. Kishore, D. Sreelatha, M. M. Reddy, M.V. Nagesh Kumar, T. S. Kumar
Background: With the SDG goals of using the generated output of one season on other season for managing the resource potential so to unlock the crop productivity is being the best alternative that need to be looked out in present climate change scenario. So, the present trial is focuses on the lines of residue management of legumes on maize sequence with nitrogen as the driving gradient in 2021-22 and 2022-23. Methods: The experiment is laid out in split-plot design with 18 treatments consisted of C1N1: groundnut100% RDN-maize, C1N2: groundnut75% RDN-maize, C2N1: soybean100% RDN-maize, C2N2: soybean75% RDN-maize, C3N1: greengram100% RDN-maize, C3N2: greengram75% RDN-maize as main-plots and 3 subplots viz.100% RDN, 125% RDN, 150% RDN (kharif and rabi respectively) during two years of study. Result: Among the different cropping systems, the preceding kharif greengram with 100% RDN on rabi zero-till maize showed higher growth parameters i.e. plant height, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD reading), dry matter at 30,60,90 DAS and at harvest and yields in both years. However, with respect to nitrogen levels, application of 150% RDN to rabi maize showed significantly higher growth and yields followed by 125% RDN and lowest was seen in 100% RDN in rabi respectively. On the other hand, the interaction effect was found significant at only 60 DAS in both years.
{"title":"Nitrogen Gradient Optimization with Kharif Legumes on Agronomic Parameters in Zero-till Rabi Maize","authors":"A. S. Kishore, D. Sreelatha, M. M. Reddy, M.V. Nagesh Kumar, T. S. Kumar","doi":"10.18805/lr-5307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5307","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With the SDG goals of using the generated output of one season on other season for managing the resource potential so to unlock the crop productivity is being the best alternative that need to be looked out in present climate change scenario. So, the present trial is focuses on the lines of residue management of legumes on maize sequence with nitrogen as the driving gradient in 2021-22 and 2022-23. Methods: The experiment is laid out in split-plot design with 18 treatments consisted of C1N1: groundnut100% RDN-maize, C1N2: groundnut75% RDN-maize, C2N1: soybean100% RDN-maize, C2N2: soybean75% RDN-maize, C3N1: greengram100% RDN-maize, C3N2: greengram75% RDN-maize as main-plots and 3 subplots viz.100% RDN, 125% RDN, 150% RDN (kharif and rabi respectively) during two years of study. Result: Among the different cropping systems, the preceding kharif greengram with 100% RDN on rabi zero-till maize showed higher growth parameters i.e. plant height, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD reading), dry matter at 30,60,90 DAS and at harvest and yields in both years. However, with respect to nitrogen levels, application of 150% RDN to rabi maize showed significantly higher growth and yields followed by 125% RDN and lowest was seen in 100% RDN in rabi respectively. On the other hand, the interaction effect was found significant at only 60 DAS in both years.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"115 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140988002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Dheebakaran, V. Geethalakshmi, S. Kokilavani, B. Arthirani, C. U. Maheswari, M. Vengateswari, N. Sathyamoorthy
Background: In peninsular India, the frequency of climate-related risks is significantly lowering agricultural productivity and farmers’ standard of living. Reducing losses in the agriculture sector requires precise and timely weather information, weather based advisories on crop production, protection and post-harvest. Disseminating agromet advisories directly to the farmers using ICT tools allows farmers to adopt appropriate corrective measures, minimize loss and ensure climate resilient agriculture. In this sense, the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University established an Automated Agromet Advisory Web cum Mobile App (TNAU-AAS) in 2018, which sends location, crop and stage specific agromet advisories directly to farmers’ mobile App. Methods: TNAU-AAS App was evaluated in pulse crops as “Piloting pulse produce support system through ICT enabled services” between 2019 and 2021 in three TNAU centers under three different eco systems namely irrigated (Coimbatore), rice fallow (Aduthurai) and rainfed (Kovilpatti). Pulse growing farmers were registered in this smartphone application for agromet advisory based response farming. Result: The TNAU-AAS App had delivered approximately 10-12 advisories to each farmer, tailored to their unique crop and stage during the cropping period. Survey results inferred that the farmers received timely notifications on their mobile phones, 2-3 days in advance, which assisted them in preplanning. Occurrences of pests and diseases were well aligned (68-83%) with TNAU- AAS recommendations and the climate vulnerability of non AAS farmers is more than AAS farmer. According to partial budget analysis, the irrigated, rice fallow and rainfed black gram farmers have gained Rs. 2800, Rs. 2300 and Rs. 1900 per ha, respectively. It is concluded that the ICT-enabled agromet advisory system guarantees timely alerts, boosts labor and land productivity, lowers input loss and shields crops from weather-induced pests and diseases as well as climatic variability risk.
{"title":"Piloting Pulse Producer Support System Through ICT Enabled Services for Enhanced Climate Resilience","authors":"G. Dheebakaran, V. Geethalakshmi, S. Kokilavani, B. Arthirani, C. U. Maheswari, M. Vengateswari, N. Sathyamoorthy","doi":"10.18805/lr-5290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5290","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In peninsular India, the frequency of climate-related risks is significantly lowering agricultural productivity and farmers’ standard of living. Reducing losses in the agriculture sector requires precise and timely weather information, weather based advisories on crop production, protection and post-harvest. Disseminating agromet advisories directly to the farmers using ICT tools allows farmers to adopt appropriate corrective measures, minimize loss and ensure climate resilient agriculture. In this sense, the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University established an Automated Agromet Advisory Web cum Mobile App (TNAU-AAS) in 2018, which sends location, crop and stage specific agromet advisories directly to farmers’ mobile App. Methods: TNAU-AAS App was evaluated in pulse crops as “Piloting pulse produce support system through ICT enabled services” between 2019 and 2021 in three TNAU centers under three different eco systems namely irrigated (Coimbatore), rice fallow (Aduthurai) and rainfed (Kovilpatti). Pulse growing farmers were registered in this smartphone application for agromet advisory based response farming. Result: The TNAU-AAS App had delivered approximately 10-12 advisories to each farmer, tailored to their unique crop and stage during the cropping period. Survey results inferred that the farmers received timely notifications on their mobile phones, 2-3 days in advance, which assisted them in preplanning. Occurrences of pests and diseases were well aligned (68-83%) with TNAU- AAS recommendations and the climate vulnerability of non AAS farmers is more than AAS farmer. According to partial budget analysis, the irrigated, rice fallow and rainfed black gram farmers have gained Rs. 2800, Rs. 2300 and Rs. 1900 per ha, respectively. It is concluded that the ICT-enabled agromet advisory system guarantees timely alerts, boosts labor and land productivity, lowers input loss and shields crops from weather-induced pests and diseases as well as climatic variability risk.","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140991787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pankaj, K. K. Bhardwaj, Rajni Yadav, V. Goyal, Sonia, Sumit Bhardwaj, R.S. Beniwal
Background: In order to support livelihoods, enhance food security, restore ecosystem services, and reduce pressure on forests, soil fertility can be improved by utilizing alternative land-use systems, such as agroforestry. Methods: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different agroforestry systems on soil chemical properties and nutrient availability (macro and micro) during different seasons in Hisar, Haryana. Different systems include Poplar (Populus deltoides), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tereticornis), Melia (Melia composita), Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) based agroforestry system (Cowpea-Wheat) and sole cropping of Cowpea-Wheat (as control). Soil samples were collected from 0-15 and 15-30 cm of soil depth during five seasons i.e., winter, spring, summer, rainy and autumn. Result: Soil EC, SOC and available macronutrients and micronutrients were significantly affected by the depth of sampling, systems and seasons while soil pH was not significantly affected by seasons. Lower soil pH and EC was observed from agroforestry systems as compared to sole cropping. Soil Organic Carbon, availability of N, P, K and S was significantly higher under tree based systems as compared to control. Maximum DTPA extractable Mn, Zn and Cu was observed under poplar based system while highest DTPA extractable Fe was observed under Melia based system during both the years. Significantly higher SOC and nutrient availability was observed during autumn, rainy and spring seasons as compared to winter and summer seasons, while reverse trend was observed for soil pH and EC among the seasons. Soil Organic Carbon, availability of macro and micronutrients decreased with increase in soil depth. Overall, the soil chemical properties and nutrient status of soil were comparatively better under tree based systems than sole cropping of Cowpea-Wheat.
{"title":"Soil Chemical Properties and Nutrient Dynamics under Different Legume-based Agroforestry Systems in Semi-arid Conditions of Haryana","authors":"Pankaj, K. K. Bhardwaj, Rajni Yadav, V. Goyal, Sonia, Sumit Bhardwaj, R.S. Beniwal","doi":"10.18805/lr-5216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5216","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In order to support livelihoods, enhance food security, restore ecosystem services, and reduce pressure on forests, soil fertility can be improved by utilizing alternative land-use systems, such as agroforestry. Methods: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different agroforestry systems on soil chemical properties and nutrient availability (macro and micro) during different seasons in Hisar, Haryana. Different systems include Poplar (Populus deltoides), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tereticornis), Melia (Melia composita), Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) based agroforestry system (Cowpea-Wheat) and sole cropping of Cowpea-Wheat (as control). Soil samples were collected from 0-15 and 15-30 cm of soil depth during five seasons i.e., winter, spring, summer, rainy and autumn. Result: Soil EC, SOC and available macronutrients and micronutrients were significantly affected by the depth of sampling, systems and seasons while soil pH was not significantly affected by seasons. Lower soil pH and EC was observed from agroforestry systems as compared to sole cropping. Soil Organic Carbon, availability of N, P, K and S was significantly higher under tree based systems as compared to control. Maximum DTPA extractable Mn, Zn and Cu was observed under poplar based system while highest DTPA extractable Fe was observed under Melia based system during both the years. Significantly higher SOC and nutrient availability was observed during autumn, rainy and spring seasons as compared to winter and summer seasons, while reverse trend was observed for soil pH and EC among the seasons. Soil Organic Carbon, availability of macro and micronutrients decreased with increase in soil depth. Overall, the soil chemical properties and nutrient status of soil were comparatively better under tree based systems than sole cropping of Cowpea-Wheat.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140993891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deepak Rao, S. Yadav, Ravish Choudhary, Dharmendra Singh, Rakesh Bhardwaj, S. Barthakur, S. Yadav
Background: Lentil is second most important nutritionally dense pulse crop of India due to its ability to fix nitrogen, helps to maintain soil fertility and increase yield of other crops grown in rotations. Seed priming is a good innovative technology for improvement of emergence and plant stand under various stress conditions and also could enhance various defense mechanisms in seeds against biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study aimed to examine the effect of seed priming with silicic acid (3 mM @18 hr), humic acid (600 ppm @18 hr) and combination of humic and silicic acid (100 ppm + 1 mM @ 16 hr), that may reduce harmful effect of stress at seedling stage and improve early seedling vigor. Methods: In this field-laboratory investigation during 2022-2023, seed quality and yield quality attributing parameters i.e. germination percentage, seed vigor index-I and II, total chlorophyll, emergence percentage, final plant stand, final plant stand emergence, plant height, secondary branches, tertiary branches, number of pod per plant, average number of pod per plant, pod cluster, seed yield per plot and yield per plot were recorded in both laboratory and field conditions. Result: The results demonstrated a positive effect of seed priming on seed quality parameters against the stress. The highest seed quality and yield quality attributing parameter was recorded in treatment (T5) combination of humic and silicic acid as compare to control. The chemical priming with combination of humic and silicic acid was found to be most effective treatment to enhance plant stand establishment against stress.
背景：小扁豆是印度第二重要的营养丰富的豆类作物，因为它具有固氮能力，有助于保持土壤肥力和提高轮作中其他作物的产量。种子打底是一项很好的创新技术，能在各种胁迫条件下提高出苗率和植株挺拔度，还能增强种子对生物和非生物胁迫的各种防御机制。本研究旨在考察用硅酸（3 mM @ 18 小时）、腐植酸（600 ppm @ 18 小时）以及腐植酸和硅酸的组合（100 ppm + 1 mM @ 16 小时）进行种子处理的效果，以减少苗期胁迫的有害影响，提高早期幼苗活力。研究方法在 2022-2023 年期间进行的田间和实验室调查中，在实验室和田间条件下记录了种子质量和产量质量属性参数，即发芽率、种子活力指数-I 和 II、总叶绿素、出苗率、最终株高、最终株高出苗率、株高、二级分枝、三级分枝、每株荚数、每株平均荚数、荚丛、每小区种子产量和每小区产量。结果结果表明，种子处理对种子质量参数有积极的抗逆作用。与对照相比，腐植酸和硅酸组合处理（T5）的种子质量和产量质量指标最高。结果表明，腐植酸和硅酸组合的化学打底处理对提高植物抗逆性最为有效。
{"title":"Integrated Application of Silicic and Humic Acid Seed Priming for Enhanced Germination and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)","authors":"Deepak Rao, S. Yadav, Ravish Choudhary, Dharmendra Singh, Rakesh Bhardwaj, S. Barthakur, S. Yadav","doi":"10.18805/lr-5248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5248","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lentil is second most important nutritionally dense pulse crop of India due to its ability to fix nitrogen, helps to maintain soil fertility and increase yield of other crops grown in rotations. Seed priming is a good innovative technology for improvement of emergence and plant stand under various stress conditions and also could enhance various defense mechanisms in seeds against biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study aimed to examine the effect of seed priming with silicic acid (3 mM @18 hr), humic acid (600 ppm @18 hr) and combination of humic and silicic acid (100 ppm + 1 mM @ 16 hr), that may reduce harmful effect of stress at seedling stage and improve early seedling vigor. Methods: In this field-laboratory investigation during 2022-2023, seed quality and yield quality attributing parameters i.e. germination percentage, seed vigor index-I and II, total chlorophyll, emergence percentage, final plant stand, final plant stand emergence, plant height, secondary branches, tertiary branches, number of pod per plant, average number of pod per plant, pod cluster, seed yield per plot and yield per plot were recorded in both laboratory and field conditions. Result: The results demonstrated a positive effect of seed priming on seed quality parameters against the stress. The highest seed quality and yield quality attributing parameter was recorded in treatment (T5) combination of humic and silicic acid as compare to control. The chemical priming with combination of humic and silicic acid was found to be most effective treatment to enhance plant stand establishment against stress.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140997377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This paper employs deep learning in the classification of soybean wilting, a plant health indicator affected by external pressures, using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a pre-trained model. It highlights the promise of deep learning in agriculture by examining the relevance of wilting, evolution in the agricultural sector and applications in crop wellness monitoring. Methods: A CNN is used in the study to classify soybean withering, with special attention to the VGG16 pre-trained model. Deep learning’s ability to interpret complex data patterns is harnessed for intelligent and accurate wilting detection. A smart detection system tailored for soybean wilting is developed, incorporating recent advancements and addressing associated challenges. Result: The CNN model, notably VGG16, achieves 76% overall accuracy in distinguishing healthy and wilted soybean leaves, signifying a transformative shift in soybean crop health management. The approach offers a precise, efficient and sustainable solution supported by state-of-the-art CNN technology, advancing soybean cultivation practices.
{"title":"Detection and Classification of Wilting in Soybean Crop using Cutting-edge Deep Learning Techniques","authors":"Myung Hwan Na, In Seop Na","doi":"10.18805/lrf-797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-797","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This paper employs deep learning in the classification of soybean wilting, a plant health indicator affected by external pressures, using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a pre-trained model. It highlights the promise of deep learning in agriculture by examining the relevance of wilting, evolution in the agricultural sector and applications in crop wellness monitoring. Methods: A CNN is used in the study to classify soybean withering, with special attention to the VGG16 pre-trained model. Deep learning’s ability to interpret complex data patterns is harnessed for intelligent and accurate wilting detection. A smart detection system tailored for soybean wilting is developed, incorporating recent advancements and addressing associated challenges. Result: The CNN model, notably VGG16, achieves 76% overall accuracy in distinguishing healthy and wilted soybean leaves, signifying a transformative shift in soybean crop health management. The approach offers a precise, efficient and sustainable solution supported by state-of-the-art CNN technology, advancing soybean cultivation practices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. K. Reddy, Malleswari Sadhineni, M. Johnson, K. K. K. Reddy, Ravi Kishore Modem, K. S. Rani, G.T. Madhavi
Background: Groundnut is an annual oilseed crop that is cultivated in many tropical and sub-tropical countries for its seed purpose. The productivity of groundnut has drastically reduced since 2015 due to an array of insect pests especially sucking pests have emerged as a prominent factor contributing to decreased yields in groundnut by direct damage as well as vectors of virus diseases. Methods: The integrated package of practices including seed treatment with fungicide (mancozeb @ 3 g/kg seed) followed by insecticide (imidacloprid @ 2 mL/kg seed) and new generation insecticides (imidacloprid, chlorpyriphos and flubendiamide) were evaluated against sucking pests (aphid, leaf hopper and thrips) and leaf feeders (Spodoptera litura) under open field conditions in scarce rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh, India during 2020-21, 2021-22 and 2022-23. The parameters regarding incidence of pests, population reduction after treatment imposition, safety to natural enemies, phytotoxicity effects, extension gap, technology gap and technology index, were worked out in farmer’s field and demonstration field. Result: In this present study imidacloprid 17.8 SL was performed well in controlling aphids, leaf hoppers and thrips in all the three seasons and flubendiamide 39.35 SC was concluded as best treatment against Spodoptera litura in all seasons. During all the study years, the benefic cost ratio of demo practice indicates (1.26, 1.01 and 1.04) when compared to farmers practice (0.71, 0.69 and 0.76), respectively for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Similarly, the average extension gap, technology gap and yield gap were worked out and ranged from (3.4, 3.1 and 5.3), (1.82, 4.23 and 1.82), (12.72, 11.36 and 19.46) for the years 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
{"title":"Evaluation of Integrated Pest Management Module against Pests of Ground Nut and Productivity, Profitability Analysis under Open Field Conditions","authors":"B. K. Reddy, Malleswari Sadhineni, M. Johnson, K. K. K. Reddy, Ravi Kishore Modem, K. S. Rani, G.T. Madhavi","doi":"10.18805/lr-5278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5278","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Groundnut is an annual oilseed crop that is cultivated in many tropical and sub-tropical countries for its seed purpose. The productivity of groundnut has drastically reduced since 2015 due to an array of insect pests especially sucking pests have emerged as a prominent factor contributing to decreased yields in groundnut by direct damage as well as vectors of virus diseases. Methods: The integrated package of practices including seed treatment with fungicide (mancozeb @ 3 g/kg seed) followed by insecticide (imidacloprid @ 2 mL/kg seed) and new generation insecticides (imidacloprid, chlorpyriphos and flubendiamide) were evaluated against sucking pests (aphid, leaf hopper and thrips) and leaf feeders (Spodoptera litura) under open field conditions in scarce rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh, India during 2020-21, 2021-22 and 2022-23. The parameters regarding incidence of pests, population reduction after treatment imposition, safety to natural enemies, phytotoxicity effects, extension gap, technology gap and technology index, were worked out in farmer’s field and demonstration field. Result: In this present study imidacloprid 17.8 SL was performed well in controlling aphids, leaf hoppers and thrips in all the three seasons and flubendiamide 39.35 SC was concluded as best treatment against Spodoptera litura in all seasons. During all the study years, the benefic cost ratio of demo practice indicates (1.26, 1.01 and 1.04) when compared to farmers practice (0.71, 0.69 and 0.76), respectively for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Similarly, the average extension gap, technology gap and yield gap were worked out and ranged from (3.4, 3.1 and 5.3), (1.82, 4.23 and 1.82), (12.72, 11.36 and 19.46) for the years 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"52 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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