Trinath Khandaitaray, P. R. Mishra, S. Satapathy, Tanmoy Shankar, Tribijayi Badjena, Barsha Tripathy, Subhashree Subhasmita Paikaray
Background: Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. is a primary pest of stored chickpea which causes 50-60 per cent loss in seed weight and 45.5-66.3 per cent loss in protein content of the seeds and injudicious and indiscriminate use of hazardous synthetic chemicals for preventing storage losses in chickpea may lead to human and animal health issues due to residual hazards. Therefore, the biorational management of the pulse beetle in stored chickpea has been undertaken keeping biology in mind will prevent the loss as well as protect human health hazard. Methodos: The experiments on various non-chemical biorational approaches like effect of elevated levels of CO2 and application of nano particles which control the test insect effectively but have less toxicity to non-target organisms and the environment were studied in the Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during 2018-2021. Result: The results showed that elevated levels of CO2 at 60 and 80 per cent for 150 and 30 minutes respectively resulted in cent per cent mortality of the bruchids. Among the nano particles, nano silica and nano zinc applied @1000 ppm and 750 ppm realized the highest mortality of the bruchids.
{"title":"Elevated CO2 and Nanoparticles for the Management of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. in Stored Chickpea","authors":"Trinath Khandaitaray, P. R. Mishra, S. Satapathy, Tanmoy Shankar, Tribijayi Badjena, Barsha Tripathy, Subhashree Subhasmita Paikaray","doi":"10.18805/lr-5232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5232","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. is a primary pest of stored chickpea which causes 50-60 per cent loss in seed weight and 45.5-66.3 per cent loss in protein content of the seeds and injudicious and indiscriminate use of hazardous synthetic chemicals for preventing storage losses in chickpea may lead to human and animal health issues due to residual hazards. Therefore, the biorational management of the pulse beetle in stored chickpea has been undertaken keeping biology in mind will prevent the loss as well as protect human health hazard. Methodos: The experiments on various non-chemical biorational approaches like effect of elevated levels of CO2 and application of nano particles which control the test insect effectively but have less toxicity to non-target organisms and the environment were studied in the Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during 2018-2021. Result: The results showed that elevated levels of CO2 at 60 and 80 per cent for 150 and 30 minutes respectively resulted in cent per cent mortality of the bruchids. Among the nano particles, nano silica and nano zinc applied @1000 ppm and 750 ppm realized the highest mortality of the bruchids.","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"29 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In the lower Gangetic plains, which have typical short winters and Zn-deficient soil, identifying a temporally flexible sowing window with adequate Zn fertilization assumes importance to produce Zn-dense lathyrus in rice-based systems. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of sowing dates and Zn nutrition on growth, Zn enrichment and economics of lathyrus. Methods: The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replicates comprising two sowing dates (14th and 29th November) in main plots and eight Zn nutrition encompassing various Zn application methods and method-specific doses in the sub-plots. Result: Late sowing with foliar spraying of 1.0% ZnSO4 at pre-flowering and pod development stages significantly improved growth traits and yield, while fetching maximum economic benefits in lathyrus. Although sowing dates exerted no significant effect, foliar spraying with 1.0% ZnSO4 significantly improved Zn concentration in lathyrus seed (30.36 ppm). Hence, under inevitable late sowing conditions, lathyrus is an ideal choice when accommodated with adequate Zn fertilization since it is capable of sustaining adequate productivity and nutritive values under suboptimal conditions because of its ability to strike a balance between root and shoot growths.
{"title":"Effect of Zinc Nutrition on Lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus L.) under Varying Sowing Dates in the Gangetic Plains","authors":"Arindam Majee, Srijani Maji, Udayan Rudra Bhowmick, Sanchita Mondal, Preetam Biswas, Anannya Mondal, Aditi Saharoy, Anusree Paul","doi":"10.18805/lr-5152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5152","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the lower Gangetic plains, which have typical short winters and Zn-deficient soil, identifying a temporally flexible sowing window with adequate Zn fertilization assumes importance to produce Zn-dense lathyrus in rice-based systems. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of sowing dates and Zn nutrition on growth, Zn enrichment and economics of lathyrus. Methods: The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replicates comprising two sowing dates (14th and 29th November) in main plots and eight Zn nutrition encompassing various Zn application methods and method-specific doses in the sub-plots. Result: Late sowing with foliar spraying of 1.0% ZnSO4 at pre-flowering and pod development stages significantly improved growth traits and yield, while fetching maximum economic benefits in lathyrus. Although sowing dates exerted no significant effect, foliar spraying with 1.0% ZnSO4 significantly improved Zn concentration in lathyrus seed (30.36 ppm). Hence, under inevitable late sowing conditions, lathyrus is an ideal choice when accommodated with adequate Zn fertilization since it is capable of sustaining adequate productivity and nutritive values under suboptimal conditions because of its ability to strike a balance between root and shoot growths.","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"90 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138590466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mogali, N.K. Biradar Patil, H. Ranjita, G. Balol, L. Jaggal
Background: Most of the mungbean genotypes are prone to shattering. The indeterminate flowering habit of this crop leads to a spread of flowering and pod maturity on a single plant over the entire reproductive phase. Consequently, pods which develop at the earliest flower may shatter prior to 100% pod maturity. Sometimes losses due to pre-harvest sprouting will be as high as 60-70%. High yielding varieties developed/identified in recent years, despite their high yield potential, could not increase/stabilize the yields of this crop due to lack of resistance to pre-harvest sprouting. Therefore, an attempt was essentially made to develop tolerant varieties to pre-harvest sprouting in the current investigation. Methods: The F2 (Healthy and well dried) seeds derived from the crosses DGGV-2 ´ Pant Moong-1 were irradiated with 60 kR gamma rays for the creation of desirable variability. The gamma rays irradiated seeds were sown in during kharif-2017 along with their respective checks to grow the F2M1 generation. Further advanced to F2M2. The individual plants were critically observed at maturity for morphological traits viz., small pod beak length and angle, thick pod wall and hard seededness that determine the tolerance to PHS. The mutant lines were compared with the parental lines viz., shattering tolerant variety Pant Moong-1 as well as susceptible variety DGGV2. The putative mutants selected and tagged in F2M2 and the seeds were harvested separately and forwarded to develop the F2M3 mutant population (1000 plants) in summer-2018. The seeds from F2M3 generation were harvested on individual plant basis and were sown. 806 progenies were sown in augmented design along with the checks in each block during kharif 2019. Thus from the population of 24812 such derived plants, genotypes with small pod beak and angle, thick pod wall, hard seededness and higher epicuticular wax and lignin content were isolated in F2M3 and F2M4. Further a total of 49 advanced breeding lines along with a known shattering susceptible check were studied for the morphometric and biochemical parameters governing the pre harvest sprouting. Result: Lower PHS was recorded in DGGV-79 (0.02%), DGGV-125 (0.02%) and DGGV 195 (0.91%). Higher phenol content was recorded in DGGV-125 (9.43 mg GA eq /g) and DGGV-79 (9.37 mg GA eq /g). Higher lignin content was recorded in DGGV-125 (6.42 mg/g) and DGGV-79 (6.10 mg GA eq /g). Further correlation analysis revealed that negative correlation of PHS was observed for epicuticular wax (r= -0.983), phenol (r= -0.892), lignin content (r= -0.981) and hard seed percentage (r= -0.942). Significant negative correlation was observed between PHS and pod wall thickness (r= -0.570). Pod beak length recorded highly significant positive correlation (r= 0.911) to PHS. Genotypes with inherent tolerance to seed shattering hold a promise to minimize yield losses due to viviparous germination.
背景:大多数绿豆基因型都容易破碎。这种作物不确定的开花习惯导致开花和荚果成熟在单个植株上的整个繁殖阶段蔓延。因此，最早开花的豆荚可能在100%成熟之前破碎。有时收获前发芽造成的损失高达60-70%。近年来开发鉴定的高产品种虽然具有高产潜力，但由于缺乏对采前发芽的抗性，不能提高/稳定该作物的产量。因此，本研究的主要目的是培育耐采前发芽品种。方法:将DGGV-2´Pant moon -1杂交的F2(健康和干燥)种子用60氪伽马射线照射，以产生理想的变异性。伽马射线照射的种子在2017年播种，并进行相应的检查，以生长F2M1代。进一步推进到F2M2。在成熟时，对单株进行了严格的形态学观察，即荚果喙长和角度小、荚果壁厚和种子坚硬，这些性状决定了对小PHS的耐受性。将突变系与亲本耐碎裂品种Pant moon -1和易感品种DGGV2进行比较。在F2M2中选择并标记的推定突变体和种子分别收获，并在2018年夏季转发到F2M3突变体群体(1000株)。F2M3代种子以单株为单位收获并播种。在2019年秋季期间，在增强设计中播种了806个子代，并在每个区块中进行检查。因此，从24812个衍生植株群体中，分离到F2M3和F2M4中荚果喙和荚果角小、荚果壁厚、结实、表皮蜡质和木质素含量高的基因型。此外，还研究了49个先进的育种品系，并对已知的破碎易感检查进行了收获前发芽的形态计量学和生化参数的研究。结果:DGGV-79(0.02%)、DGGV-125(0.02%)和DGGV 195(0.91%)的PHS较低。DGGV-125 (9.43 mg GA eq /g)和DGGV-79 (9.37 mg GA eq /g)的苯酚含量较高。DGGV-125 (6.42 mg/g)和DGGV-79 (6.10 mg GA eq /g)木质素含量较高。结果表明，果皮蜡(r= -0.983)、酚(r= -0.892)、木质素含量(r= -0.981)和硬籽率(r= -0.942)与PHS呈负相关。小PHS与荚果壁厚呈显著负相关(r= -0.570)。荚果喙长与小灵通呈极显著正相关(r= 0.911)。对种子破碎具有内在耐受性的基因型有望将胎生发芽造成的产量损失降至最低。
{"title":"Development of Mungbean Genotypes for Shattering Tolerance and Correlation Analysis with Biochemical and Morphological Factors Governing Pre Harvest Sprouting","authors":"S. Mogali, N.K. Biradar Patil, H. Ranjita, G. Balol, L. Jaggal","doi":"10.18805/lr-5089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5089","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Most of the mungbean genotypes are prone to shattering. The indeterminate flowering habit of this crop leads to a spread of flowering and pod maturity on a single plant over the entire reproductive phase. Consequently, pods which develop at the earliest flower may shatter prior to 100% pod maturity. Sometimes losses due to pre-harvest sprouting will be as high as 60-70%. High yielding varieties developed/identified in recent years, despite their high yield potential, could not increase/stabilize the yields of this crop due to lack of resistance to pre-harvest sprouting. Therefore, an attempt was essentially made to develop tolerant varieties to pre-harvest sprouting in the current investigation. Methods: The F2 (Healthy and well dried) seeds derived from the crosses DGGV-2 ´ Pant Moong-1 were irradiated with 60 kR gamma rays for the creation of desirable variability. The gamma rays irradiated seeds were sown in during kharif-2017 along with their respective checks to grow the F2M1 generation. Further advanced to F2M2. The individual plants were critically observed at maturity for morphological traits viz., small pod beak length and angle, thick pod wall and hard seededness that determine the tolerance to PHS. The mutant lines were compared with the parental lines viz., shattering tolerant variety Pant Moong-1 as well as susceptible variety DGGV2. The putative mutants selected and tagged in F2M2 and the seeds were harvested separately and forwarded to develop the F2M3 mutant population (1000 plants) in summer-2018. The seeds from F2M3 generation were harvested on individual plant basis and were sown. 806 progenies were sown in augmented design along with the checks in each block during kharif 2019. Thus from the population of 24812 such derived plants, genotypes with small pod beak and angle, thick pod wall, hard seededness and higher epicuticular wax and lignin content were isolated in F2M3 and F2M4. Further a total of 49 advanced breeding lines along with a known shattering susceptible check were studied for the morphometric and biochemical parameters governing the pre harvest sprouting. Result: Lower PHS was recorded in DGGV-79 (0.02%), DGGV-125 (0.02%) and DGGV 195 (0.91%). Higher phenol content was recorded in DGGV-125 (9.43 mg GA eq /g) and DGGV-79 (9.37 mg GA eq /g). Higher lignin content was recorded in DGGV-125 (6.42 mg/g) and DGGV-79 (6.10 mg GA eq /g). Further correlation analysis revealed that negative correlation of PHS was observed for epicuticular wax (r= -0.983), phenol (r= -0.892), lignin content (r= -0.981) and hard seed percentage (r= -0.942). Significant negative correlation was observed between PHS and pod wall thickness (r= -0.570). Pod beak length recorded highly significant positive correlation (r= 0.911) to PHS. Genotypes with inherent tolerance to seed shattering hold a promise to minimize yield losses due to viviparous germination.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: One of the possible agronomic ways for increasing productivity of pigeonpea is adoption of suitable crop geometry with nipping practices for getting suitable crop architecture for optimum utilization of resources. This investigation was planned to study the influence of crop geometry and nipping practices on production potential of pigeonpea. Methods: The field experiment was conducted at experimental farm of the Department of Pulses, TNAU, Coimbatore, during kharif season of 2021 and 2022. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with each four main and sub plot treatments. The main plot treatments comprised of four crop geometries while thesub plot treatments were nipping practices which includes no nipping, mechanical nipping and chemical nipping. Result: Various crop geometries shown remarkable effect on growth and development of pigeonpea. The crop geometry of 90 cm ´ 30 cm and 90 cm ´ 45 cm recorded maximum plant height of pigeonpea as compared to other wider crop geometries. While in case of all the other growth attributes viz. number of functional leaves per plant, leaf area, number of branches per plant and dry matter accumulation per plant crop geometry of 120 cm ´ 45 cm and 120 cm ´ 30 cm were found superior as compared to othertreatments and were at par with each other. The yield per hectare was increased at wider crop geometry 120 cm 45 cm as the higher per plant yield was compensated by lesser plant population. The crop geometry 120 cm ´ 45 cm produced significantly higher seed yield (1187, 1275 and 1231 kg ha-1 during 2021, 2022 and pooled mean respectively) over crop geometry of 90 cm ´ 30 cm and crop geometry 90 cm ´ 45 cm, but it was found at par with crop geometry 120 cm ´ 30 cm. Among the nipping practices, growth characters viz., plant height, number of functional leaves, leaf area, number of branches and dry matter accumulation per plant as well as phenological characters were enhanced with the foliar application of chlormequat chloride @500 ppm during both the years of study. Foliar application of chlormequat chloride @ 500 ppm also recorded significantly highest seed yield (1152, 1237and 1195 kg ha-1 during 2021, 2022 and in pooled data, respectively), while it was at par with foliar application of mepiquat chloride @ 500 ppm.
背景:提高鸽豆产量的一种可能的农艺方法是采用合适的作物几何形状和修剪方法，以获得合适的作物结构，以最佳地利用资源。本试验旨在研究不同作物形态和刈割方式对鸽豆生产潜力的影响。方法:于2021年和2022年秋收季节在哥印拜陀TNAU豆类部实验农场进行田间试验。试验采用分区设计，每4个主、副区处理。主样地处理包括四种作物几何形状，次样地处理包括不修剪、机械修剪和化学修剪。结果:不同作物形态对鸽豆的生长发育有显著影响。与其他更宽的作物几何形状相比，90 cm × 30 cm和90 cm × 45 cm的作物几何形状记录了鸽子豆的最大株高。而在所有其他生长属性，即每株功能叶数、叶面积、每株分枝数和每株干物质积累方面，与其他处理相比，120 cm´45 cm和120 cm´30 cm的作物几何形状优于其他处理，并且彼此相当。每公顷产量在作物几何宽度为120 cm ~ 45 cm时增加，因为较高的单株产量被较少的植株数量所补偿。在2021年、2022年和汇总平均值期间，120 cm´45 cm的种子产量显著高于90 cm´30 cm和90 cm´45 cm的作物产量(分别为1187、1275和1231 kg hm -1)，但与120 cm´30 cm的作物产量相当。在两种刈割方式中，叶面施用500ppm氯吡菊酯均能提高植株的生长性状，包括株高、功能叶数、叶面积、分枝数、单株干物质积累量以及物候性状。叶面施用500 ppm氯吡草胺也记录了最高的种子产量(分别在2021年、2022年和汇总数据中分别为1152、1237和1195 kg ha-1)，而叶面施用500 ppm氯吡草胺的产量相同。
{"title":"Productivity and Morpho-phenological Characters of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] as Influenced by Crop Geometry and Nipping Practice","authors":"S. A. Fanish, P.S. Shanmugam, S. Geetha","doi":"10.18805/lr-5138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5138","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the possible agronomic ways for increasing productivity of pigeonpea is adoption of suitable crop geometry with nipping practices for getting suitable crop architecture for optimum utilization of resources. This investigation was planned to study the influence of crop geometry and nipping practices on production potential of pigeonpea. Methods: The field experiment was conducted at experimental farm of the Department of Pulses, TNAU, Coimbatore, during kharif season of 2021 and 2022. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with each four main and sub plot treatments. The main plot treatments comprised of four crop geometries while thesub plot treatments were nipping practices which includes no nipping, mechanical nipping and chemical nipping. Result: Various crop geometries shown remarkable effect on growth and development of pigeonpea. The crop geometry of 90 cm ´ 30 cm and 90 cm ´ 45 cm recorded maximum plant height of pigeonpea as compared to other wider crop geometries. While in case of all the other growth attributes viz. number of functional leaves per plant, leaf area, number of branches per plant and dry matter accumulation per plant crop geometry of 120 cm ´ 45 cm and 120 cm ´ 30 cm were found superior as compared to othertreatments and were at par with each other. The yield per hectare was increased at wider crop geometry 120 cm 45 cm as the higher per plant yield was compensated by lesser plant population. The crop geometry 120 cm ´ 45 cm produced significantly higher seed yield (1187, 1275 and 1231 kg ha-1 during 2021, 2022 and pooled mean respectively) over crop geometry of 90 cm ´ 30 cm and crop geometry 90 cm ´ 45 cm, but it was found at par with crop geometry 120 cm ´ 30 cm. Among the nipping practices, growth characters viz., plant height, number of functional leaves, leaf area, number of branches and dry matter accumulation per plant as well as phenological characters were enhanced with the foliar application of chlormequat chloride @500 ppm during both the years of study. Foliar application of chlormequat chloride @ 500 ppm also recorded significantly highest seed yield (1152, 1237and 1195 kg ha-1 during 2021, 2022 and in pooled data, respectively), while it was at par with foliar application of mepiquat chloride @ 500 ppm.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Raja, V. A. Albert, B. Venudevan, P. M. Kumar, G. Sasthri
Background: Now-a-days, use of machines is becoming important due to shortage of labour for field operations. One such case is seed drill sowing which warranted enough seed size for easy sowing. Pelleting of seed is one of the techniques through which the size of the seed can be increased thereby it can be sown easily by seed drill. Green gram is one of the important pulses which needs pelleting technique for mechanized sowing. Methods: The experiments on standardization of seed pelleting technique and evaluating under field conditions were conducted in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Seed Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India during 2019-2022. The green gram var. CO 8 seeds were primed and pelleted with TNAU pelleting mixture. Then, the pelleted seeds were sown by pneumatic seed drill and evaluated for its field performance. Result: The results showed that the green gram seeds primed with MnSO4 @ 0.5% and pelleted with 7 layers of TNAU pelleting mixture along with imidacloprid 70 WS @ 7 g/kg have recorded increased seedling vigour without affecting the seed germination. Also, the seeds sown by seed drill have recorded with better plant growth traits and higher yield. Also, single seed placement was achieved by seed drill sowing and about 25% seeds can be saved.
{"title":"Seed pelleting technique for mechanized sowing in green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]","authors":"K. Raja, V. A. Albert, B. Venudevan, P. M. Kumar, G. Sasthri","doi":"10.18805/lr-5124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5124","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Now-a-days, use of machines is becoming important due to shortage of labour for field operations. One such case is seed drill sowing which warranted enough seed size for easy sowing. Pelleting of seed is one of the techniques through which the size of the seed can be increased thereby it can be sown easily by seed drill. Green gram is one of the important pulses which needs pelleting technique for mechanized sowing. Methods: The experiments on standardization of seed pelleting technique and evaluating under field conditions were conducted in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Seed Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India during 2019-2022. The green gram var. CO 8 seeds were primed and pelleted with TNAU pelleting mixture. Then, the pelleted seeds were sown by pneumatic seed drill and evaluated for its field performance. Result: The results showed that the green gram seeds primed with MnSO4 @ 0.5% and pelleted with 7 layers of TNAU pelleting mixture along with imidacloprid 70 WS @ 7 g/kg have recorded increased seedling vigour without affecting the seed germination. Also, the seeds sown by seed drill have recorded with better plant growth traits and higher yield. Also, single seed placement was achieved by seed drill sowing and about 25% seeds can be saved.","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Assessing genetic diversity in greengram is a prerequisite for its genetic improvement for yield and quality. DNA markers such as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have been preferred in this crop for the analysis of genetic diversity because SSR markers are locus-specific, widely dispersed throughout the genome, highly polymorphic due to variation in repeat units, highly informative because of co-dominant nature, high reproducibility and ease of assay by PCR (Polymerase chain reaction). The current study aimed to study the genetic diversity among the mutants of greengram at the molecular level using SSR markers. Methods: In this study, twenty-five SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity amongst twenty mutant genotypes of greengram along with their parents. Genomic DNA was isolated from the leaves by using the standard CTAB DNA extraction method. Then DNA purification and PCR amplifications were carried out. The genetic variability and diversity among genotypes was examined by assessing the scoring of the amplified bands by SSR -PCR amplification. Result: Seventeen SSR primers generated 102 polymorphic bands with an average of the six polymorphic bands per primer. The number of alleles per locus ranged from four to nine. The size of amplification product varied for each primer and the range found to be 100bp to 2000bp. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value for SSR markers was found to be 0.6335. The value of Jaccard’s similarity coefficient had ranged from 0.07-0.70 with an average value of 0.38. The dendrogram constructed on SSR molecular markers data through the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) method had enabled grouping of the genotypes into thirteen clusters. The results indicate the usefulness of SSR markers in the assessment of genetic variability and diversity among the mutant genotypes of greengram.
背景：评估油菜的遗传多样性是提高其产量和品质的先决条件。由于 SSR 标记具有位点特异性、广泛分布于整个基因组、因重复单位的变异而具有高度多态性、因共显性而具有高度信息性、重现性高且易于用 PCR（聚合酶链式反应）进行检测，因此该作物的遗传多样性分析首选简单序列重复（SSR）等 DNA 标记。本研究旨在利用 SSR 标记在分子水平上研究油菜突变体的遗传多样性。研究方法本研究使用了 25 个 SSR 标记来分析 20 个油菜突变基因型及其亲本的遗传多样性。采用标准的 CTAB DNA 提取方法从叶片中分离基因组 DNA。然后进行 DNA 纯化和 PCR 扩增。通过 SSR -PCR 扩增对扩增条带进行评分，检测基因型之间的遗传变异和多样性。结果17 个 SSR 引物产生了 102 条多态性条带，平均每个引物产生 6 条多态性条带。每个位点的等位基因数从 4 个到 9 个不等。每个引物的扩增产物大小不一，范围在 100bp 到 2000bp 之间。SSR 标记的平均多态信息含量（PIC）值为 0.6335。Jaccard 相似性系数的范围为 0.07-0.70，平均值为 0.38。通过算术平均非加权成对分组法（UPGMA）对 SSR 分子标记数据构建的树枝图将基因型分为 13 个聚类。结果表明，SSR 标记在评估油菜突变基因型的遗传变异性和多样性方面非常有用。
{"title":"SSR-marker Assisted Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilcezk]","authors":"T. Das, B. Baisakh","doi":"10.18805/lr-5151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5151","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Assessing genetic diversity in greengram is a prerequisite for its genetic improvement for yield and quality. DNA markers such as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have been preferred in this crop for the analysis of genetic diversity because SSR markers are locus-specific, widely dispersed throughout the genome, highly polymorphic due to variation in repeat units, highly informative because of co-dominant nature, high reproducibility and ease of assay by PCR (Polymerase chain reaction). The current study aimed to study the genetic diversity among the mutants of greengram at the molecular level using SSR markers. Methods: In this study, twenty-five SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity amongst twenty mutant genotypes of greengram along with their parents. Genomic DNA was isolated from the leaves by using the standard CTAB DNA extraction method. Then DNA purification and PCR amplifications were carried out. The genetic variability and diversity among genotypes was examined by assessing the scoring of the amplified bands by SSR -PCR amplification. Result: Seventeen SSR primers generated 102 polymorphic bands with an average of the six polymorphic bands per primer. The number of alleles per locus ranged from four to nine. The size of amplification product varied for each primer and the range found to be 100bp to 2000bp. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value for SSR markers was found to be 0.6335. The value of Jaccard’s similarity coefficient had ranged from 0.07-0.70 with an average value of 0.38. The dendrogram constructed on SSR molecular markers data through the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) method had enabled grouping of the genotypes into thirteen clusters. The results indicate the usefulness of SSR markers in the assessment of genetic variability and diversity among the mutant genotypes of greengram.","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139226920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prabhavathi Kona, P. J. M. Rao, R.G.S Rao, V. S. Latha
Background: Adopting adequate isolation distances is one of the very crucial principles and practices of quality seed production. Upon research and continuous evaluation, isolation distances for each crop, kind and cultivar have been determined in almost all cultivable crops. The development of hybrids through various mechanisms has led to redefining isolation distances in a few crops like pigeonpea based upon the principles of pollination ecology and the activity of various pollinators. Methods: Our study on the direction of male and female blocks, activity and frequency of pollinators and their effect on production potential and quality of seed was systematically conducted at various isolation distances viz., 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 400 m between female (A) and male (R) lines. Result: Our empirical information depicts that an isolation distance of 400 m between male and female parents reduces the chances of genetic contamination and hence the isolation distance in case of hybrid seed production of pigeonpea shall be redefined as 400 m.
{"title":"Redefining Isolation Distance Standards for Quality Seed","authors":"Prabhavathi Kona, P. J. M. Rao, R.G.S Rao, V. S. Latha","doi":"10.18805/lr-5177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5177","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adopting adequate isolation distances is one of the very crucial principles and practices of quality seed production. Upon research and continuous evaluation, isolation distances for each crop, kind and cultivar have been determined in almost all cultivable crops. The development of hybrids through various mechanisms has led to redefining isolation distances in a few crops like pigeonpea based upon the principles of pollination ecology and the activity of various pollinators. Methods: Our study on the direction of male and female blocks, activity and frequency of pollinators and their effect on production potential and quality of seed was systematically conducted at various isolation distances viz., 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 400 m between female (A) and male (R) lines. Result: Our empirical information depicts that an isolation distance of 400 m between male and female parents reduces the chances of genetic contamination and hence the isolation distance in case of hybrid seed production of pigeonpea shall be redefined as 400 m.","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The main advantage of leguminous plants is the ability to self-supply atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with the bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Therefore, seed inoculation with microbiological preparations is often used in agricultural practice to increase nodulation on the roots. Methods: A field experiment was conducted to examine the effect of commercial preparations or coated seeds containing Bradyrhizobium japonicum on soybean yield and quality. The experiment was performed in four replicates in a randomized block design. The seeds were inoculated using commercial preparations (HiStick® Soy, Nitragina®, TURBOSOY®, PRIMSEED® BIOM Soja, bi soya, RHIZOBIUM SOJA), which were mixed with the seeds on the day of sowing. Sowing coated seeds using the “Fix Fertig” technology did not require seed inoculation before sowing. Result: It has been demonstrated that HiStick® Soy and TURBOSOY® exerted the most beneficial effect on nodulation, SPAD index, number of pods per plant, TSW and yield. The preparation RHIZOBIUM SOY was also highly effective. Sowing inoculated or coated seeds positively affected the protein content of the seeds but the fat content was the highest in the control seeds. It has been demonstrated that the weather conditions in individual years modified the investigated parameters.
{"title":"Effect of Soybean Seed Inoculation with Symbiotic Bacteria","authors":"W. Jarecki","doi":"10.18805/lrf-757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-757","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The main advantage of leguminous plants is the ability to self-supply atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with the bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Therefore, seed inoculation with microbiological preparations is often used in agricultural practice to increase nodulation on the roots. Methods: A field experiment was conducted to examine the effect of commercial preparations or coated seeds containing Bradyrhizobium japonicum on soybean yield and quality. The experiment was performed in four replicates in a randomized block design. The seeds were inoculated using commercial preparations (HiStick® Soy, Nitragina®, TURBOSOY®, PRIMSEED® BIOM Soja, bi soya, RHIZOBIUM SOJA), which were mixed with the seeds on the day of sowing. Sowing coated seeds using the “Fix Fertig” technology did not require seed inoculation before sowing. Result: It has been demonstrated that HiStick® Soy and TURBOSOY® exerted the most beneficial effect on nodulation, SPAD index, number of pods per plant, TSW and yield. The preparation RHIZOBIUM SOY was also highly effective. Sowing inoculated or coated seeds positively affected the protein content of the seeds but the fat content was the highest in the control seeds. It has been demonstrated that the weather conditions in individual years modified the investigated parameters.","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"19 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139242860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The prickly pear is well adapted to arid and semi-arid areas. It occupies an important part in the human diet and it is also used as fodder for livestock. It is an interesting plant due to the environmental conditions in which it grows and its resistance to extreme climatic conditions. The objectives of our study were to determine the biological effects of oil extracted from prickly pear seeds (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill.). Methods: The organoleptic characteristics and the physicochemical parameters of this oil were done. The antibacterial and antifungal effects of the oil were tested in vitro against certain numbers of pathogenic bacteria and fungi by the aromatogram method. The antioxydante activity and the GC-MS analysis were proceeded also in this study. Result: The results show that the bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis are the most sensitive to the acid oil of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. with an inhibition diameter varying between 23 mm and 25 mm, respectively. On the other hand, prickly pear seed oil exhibits an antifungal effect mainly against Candida albicans (25 mm). The oil extracted was strongest active (IC50 = 0.55 mg/ml). This indicates that our oil exhibited high reducing activity. 18 components were found in prickly pear seeds oil after analysis by GC-MS, which are presented mainly by phthalic acid (45.04%), monounsaturated fatty acid (18.56%), polyunsaturated fatty acid (16.69%) and other components (19.71%). The oil of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. seeds showed good biological activity grace to its richness in components.
{"title":"Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Seed Oil Collected from The Bordj Bou Arreridj Region, Algerian Highlands","authors":"H. Guetarni, H. Baroun, A. Derabla, A. Ouradj","doi":"10.18805/lrf-759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-759","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prickly pear is well adapted to arid and semi-arid areas. It occupies an important part in the human diet and it is also used as fodder for livestock. It is an interesting plant due to the environmental conditions in which it grows and its resistance to extreme climatic conditions. The objectives of our study were to determine the biological effects of oil extracted from prickly pear seeds (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill.). Methods: The organoleptic characteristics and the physicochemical parameters of this oil were done. The antibacterial and antifungal effects of the oil were tested in vitro against certain numbers of pathogenic bacteria and fungi by the aromatogram method. The antioxydante activity and the GC-MS analysis were proceeded also in this study. Result: The results show that the bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis are the most sensitive to the acid oil of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. with an inhibition diameter varying between 23 mm and 25 mm, respectively. On the other hand, prickly pear seed oil exhibits an antifungal effect mainly against Candida albicans (25 mm). The oil extracted was strongest active (IC50 = 0.55 mg/ml). This indicates that our oil exhibited high reducing activity. 18 components were found in prickly pear seeds oil after analysis by GC-MS, which are presented mainly by phthalic acid (45.04%), monounsaturated fatty acid (18.56%), polyunsaturated fatty acid (16.69%) and other components (19.71%). The oil of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. seeds showed good biological activity grace to its richness in components.","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Padhy, C. R. Satapathy, S. Borkataki, Tanmoy Shankar, Soumik Ray
Background: Many cross pollinated flowering plants rely on pollinators for reproduction and survival. The pigeon pea (arhar), Cajanus cajan L., is the India’s most important pulse crop. It attracts pollinators because to its cross pollination nature, possible nectar and pollen source, attractive colour and scent of the seeds and timing of blossoming. As a result, a complete research of pigeon pea insect pollinator fauna shall be used to conserve those fauna for increasing pigeon pea pollination effectiveness. Methods: Diversity of different pollinating agents associated with the crop pigeon pea by observing their abundance, diversity, percentage contribution, dominance status and diversity following the statistical diversity indexes were recorded during Kharif, 2021-22 in the state of Odisha where the insect pollinators’ fauna was recorded through fixed plot survey. Result: Megachille lanata (Fabricius) was found to be the most dominant pollinator throughout the flowering period among seven different pollinators of order Hymenoptera. M. lanata and Megachille disjuncta (Fabricius) shown higher foraging activity i.e. 6.02 bees/5 min/m2 and 4.25 bees/5 min/m2 respectively. Subdominant class represented maximum species among different dominant status classes exhibited. Very less diversity was observed throughout the season but still more diversity has been observed at mid flowering stags during 10:00-11:00 AM..
{"title":"Diversity and Relative Abundance of Insect Pollinators on Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.) in Gajapati District of Odisha","authors":"D. Padhy, C. R. Satapathy, S. Borkataki, Tanmoy Shankar, Soumik Ray","doi":"10.18805/lr-5233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5233","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many cross pollinated flowering plants rely on pollinators for reproduction and survival. The pigeon pea (arhar), Cajanus cajan L., is the India’s most important pulse crop. It attracts pollinators because to its cross pollination nature, possible nectar and pollen source, attractive colour and scent of the seeds and timing of blossoming. As a result, a complete research of pigeon pea insect pollinator fauna shall be used to conserve those fauna for increasing pigeon pea pollination effectiveness. Methods: Diversity of different pollinating agents associated with the crop pigeon pea by observing their abundance, diversity, percentage contribution, dominance status and diversity following the statistical diversity indexes were recorded during Kharif, 2021-22 in the state of Odisha where the insect pollinators’ fauna was recorded through fixed plot survey. Result: Megachille lanata (Fabricius) was found to be the most dominant pollinator throughout the flowering period among seven different pollinators of order Hymenoptera. M. lanata and Megachille disjuncta (Fabricius) shown higher foraging activity i.e. 6.02 bees/5 min/m2 and 4.25 bees/5 min/m2 respectively. Subdominant class represented maximum species among different dominant status classes exhibited. Very less diversity was observed throughout the season but still more diversity has been observed at mid flowering stags during 10:00-11:00 AM..","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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