The present scenario expresses the electro-optical effect of abinary mixture of MBBA and PAA liquid crystal studied under the impact of the electric field in THz frequency. The binary mixture has a negative order parameter, negative birefringence, and a nematic phase stability under such an electric field. The refractive index remains constant at high THz frequency. The director angle is sensitive to THz frequency, contributing to the maximum fluctuation. The atomic contribution of a binary mixture is approximately equal to the molecular contribution. The binary mixture has a remarkably high bandgap. The C-H, O-C, C-N atom stretching, and wagging of alkyl chain contribute to the dipolar strength of the binary mixture.
{"title":"Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study of a Binary Mixture of MBBA and PAA Liquid Crystal for THz Application","authors":"Mirtunjai Mishra, Narinder Kumar, Pawan Singh, B. Rawat, Reena Dhyani, Devendra Singh, Devesh Kumar","doi":"10.7454/mss.v26i4.1412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/mss.v26i4.1412","url":null,"abstract":"The present scenario expresses the electro-optical effect of abinary mixture of MBBA and PAA liquid crystal studied under the impact of the electric field in THz frequency. The binary mixture has a negative order parameter, negative birefringence, and a nematic phase stability under such an electric field. The refractive index remains constant at high THz frequency. The director angle is sensitive to THz frequency, contributing to the maximum fluctuation. The atomic contribution of a binary mixture is approximately equal to the molecular contribution. The binary mixture has a remarkably high bandgap. The C-H, O-C, C-N atom stretching, and wagging of alkyl chain contribute to the dipolar strength of the binary mixture.","PeriodicalId":18042,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Science","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76999315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) is a pollutant agent found in water and generated from the metabolisms of living organisms and the decomposition of organic matter. This research aims to develop an efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly TAN analysis method. The principle of this method is based on the reaction of TAN injected in the donor stream with NaOH to form alkaline gaseous ammonia. The gaseous ammonia diffuses through a hydrophobic membrane into an acceptor stream containing Ruellia tuberosa extract. The presence of NH 3 gas in the acceptor stream changes the extract color from pinkish to green, which is monitored by spectrophotometer at 620 nm. This method was also validated based on linearity, selectivity, and accuracy. Under the obtained optimum conditions of 1 M NaOH, 5% extract, a 120 cm mixing coil, and a 200 µL sample volume, the proposed method showed excellent linearity at 10–1000 ppm (R 2 = 0.993). The selectivity test result shows that this method was selective against sulfite and nitrite compounds up to 600 ppm with a % error value <10%. This method was applied to measure the total ammonia concentration in agricultural water, and satisfying results were shown by high recoveries of 95.03%–98.84%.
{"title":"Determination of Total Ammonia Nitrogen by Gas-Diffusion Flow Injection Analysis (GD-FIA)-Spectrophotometry using Minnieroot Flower (Ruellia tuberosa) as Natural Reagent","authors":"Lani Artana Putri, Puspita Mufidah Sari, Hermin Sulistyarti, A. Sabarudin, Erwin Sulistyo","doi":"10.7454/mss.v26i4.1344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/mss.v26i4.1344","url":null,"abstract":"Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) is a pollutant agent found in water and generated from the metabolisms of living organisms and the decomposition of organic matter. This research aims to develop an efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly TAN analysis method. The principle of this method is based on the reaction of TAN injected in the donor stream with NaOH to form alkaline gaseous ammonia. The gaseous ammonia diffuses through a hydrophobic membrane into an acceptor stream containing Ruellia tuberosa extract. The presence of NH 3 gas in the acceptor stream changes the extract color from pinkish to green, which is monitored by spectrophotometer at 620 nm. This method was also validated based on linearity, selectivity, and accuracy. Under the obtained optimum conditions of 1 M NaOH, 5% extract, a 120 cm mixing coil, and a 200 µL sample volume, the proposed method showed excellent linearity at 10–1000 ppm (R 2 = 0.993). The selectivity test result shows that this method was selective against sulfite and nitrite compounds up to 600 ppm with a % error value <10%. This method was applied to measure the total ammonia concentration in agricultural water, and satisfying results were shown by high recoveries of 95.03%–98.84%.","PeriodicalId":18042,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89537993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New methods for the evaluation of accuracy and precision are mentioned in the latest edition of the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), whereas other validation parameters, that is, selectivity, linearity, range, and robustness, remained relatively unchanged. In obtaining reliable data from any chemical/pharmaceutical analysis, the analytical procedure must be validated or verified in accordance with the latest edition of the pharmacopoeia. Some review articles on the general validation methods have been published by the author. This present review will focus on the implementation and discussion of the accuracy and precision evaluation based on the current USP and Indonesian pharmacopoeia. Some examples of the calculation of several accuracy and precision method of determinations are also discussed.
{"title":"Application of Accuracy and Precision Evaluations Based on the Current United States and Indonesian Pharmacopoeias: A Critical Review","authors":"G. Indrayanto","doi":"10.7454/mss.v26i4.1343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/mss.v26i4.1343","url":null,"abstract":"New methods for the evaluation of accuracy and precision are mentioned in the latest edition of the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), whereas other validation parameters, that is, selectivity, linearity, range, and robustness, remained relatively unchanged. In obtaining reliable data from any chemical/pharmaceutical analysis, the analytical procedure must be validated or verified in accordance with the latest edition of the pharmacopoeia. Some review articles on the general validation methods have been published by the author. This present review will focus on the implementation and discussion of the accuracy and precision evaluation based on the current USP and Indonesian pharmacopoeia. Some examples of the calculation of several accuracy and precision method of determinations are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":18042,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Science","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73066975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have been introduced as marine-derived biomaterials with potential health benefits and good water solubility properties. This study presents an overview of the promising nanomaterial platform for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of COS. The health benefits of COS, primarily their antioxidant and protective effects, anti-inflammatory activity, antidiabetic properties, and cholesterol-lowering effects are discussed. Furthermore, the promising recent articles on specific topics such as drug delivery systems and nanobiomaterials, are highlighted
{"title":"Chitosan Oligosaccharides as a Nanomaterial Platform: Biological Properties and Applications in the Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Fields","authors":"Muhamad Alif, Razi","doi":"10.7454/mss.v26i4.1337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/mss.v26i4.1337","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have been introduced as marine-derived biomaterials with potential health benefits and good water solubility properties. This study presents an overview of the promising nanomaterial platform for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of COS. The health benefits of COS, primarily their antioxidant and protective effects, anti-inflammatory activity, antidiabetic properties, and cholesterol-lowering effects are discussed. Furthermore, the promising recent articles on specific topics such as drug delivery systems and nanobiomaterials, are highlighted","PeriodicalId":18042,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89218033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Dhobi, B. Koirala, K. Yadav, J. Nakarmi, S. Gupta, Santosh, Kumar K. Das, A. K. Shah, K. Dahal, R. L. Sah
This work aims to measure the different parameters of Dhunge Dhara water (DDW) such as absorbance, transmittance, mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), and molecular cross section (MCS) and experimentally compare the obtained values with those of pure water (PW) at various temperatures (5 °C to 90 °C) using a theremino spectrometer. Observation shows that the parameters vary with temperature and wavelength. The transmittance of DDW ranges from 18% to 85% and absorbance of the same ranges from 0.09 Au to 0.7 Au. Meanwhile, the transmittance of PW ranges from 40% to 98% and the absorbance of the same ranges from 0.09 Au to 0.39 Au. The MAC of PW ranges from 0.02 cmg to 0.6 cmg, and that for DDW ranges from 0.2 cmg to 1.1 cmg at 30 °C. The MCS of PW ranges from 0.1 × 10cm to 2.7 × 10cm, and that of DDW ranges from 0.9 × 10cm to 5.5 × 10cm at 30 °C. In conclusion, DDW has an extremely high amount of impurities and total dissolved solids and is recommended to be filtered prior to use (drinking and cooking).
{"title":"Temperature Influence on the Optical Properties, Attenuation Coefficient, and Total Molecular Cross Section of Dhunge Dhara Drinking Water","authors":"S. Dhobi, B. Koirala, K. Yadav, J. Nakarmi, S. Gupta, Santosh, Kumar K. Das, A. K. Shah, K. Dahal, R. L. Sah","doi":"10.7454/mss.v26i4.1335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/mss.v26i4.1335","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to measure the different parameters of Dhunge Dhara water (DDW) such as absorbance, transmittance, mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), and molecular cross section (MCS) and experimentally compare the obtained values with those of pure water (PW) at various temperatures (5 °C to 90 °C) using a theremino spectrometer. Observation shows that the parameters vary with temperature and wavelength. The transmittance of DDW ranges from 18% to 85% and absorbance of the same ranges from 0.09 Au to 0.7 Au. Meanwhile, the transmittance of PW ranges from 40% to 98% and the absorbance of the same ranges from 0.09 Au to 0.39 Au. The MAC of PW ranges from 0.02 cmg to 0.6 cmg, and that for DDW ranges from 0.2 cmg to 1.1 cmg at 30 °C. The MCS of PW ranges from 0.1 × 10cm to 2.7 × 10cm, and that of DDW ranges from 0.9 × 10cm to 5.5 × 10cm at 30 °C. In conclusion, DDW has an extremely high amount of impurities and total dissolved solids and is recommended to be filtered prior to use (drinking and cooking).","PeriodicalId":18042,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Science","volume":"278 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80082035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Study of Bismuth Ferrite Deposition Method on TiO2 Nanotube and Performance of Hydrogen Evolution in a Photoelectrochemical Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Tandem System","authors":"","doi":"10.7454/mss.v26i3.1387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/mss.v26i3.1387","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18042,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74192638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of the Bubble Point Pressure of Multicomponent Reservoir Hydrocarbon Fluids","authors":"","doi":"10.7454/mss.v26i3.1331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/mss.v26i3.1331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18042,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88927940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modulation of the NF-κB Activation Pathway by Phycocyanobilin from Spirulina platensis: An in Silico Study","authors":"","doi":"10.7454/mss.v26i3.1377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/mss.v26i3.1377","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18042,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79785085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mutation of Aspergillus sp. using Ultraviolet Light and Nitrous Acid for Amylase Production from Banana Peels","authors":"","doi":"10.7454/mss.v26i3.1357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/mss.v26i3.1357","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18042,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86420131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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