Leukemia & Lymphoma最新文献

Adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia has a poor outcome after relapse. Because the subtype of early T-cell precursor displays characteristics close of those of acute myeloid leukemia, such as epigenetic dysregulation, hypomethylating agents might prove of interest. We describe the case of a patient relapsing 3 months only after allogeneic stem cell transplantation who achieved complete remission on azacitidine, and is still on therapy 9 years later. We discuss the biological background of this very long-term response, underlining the immunological effects of hypomethylating agents, and the perspectives opened by combination of hypomethylating agents with other drugs such as venetoclax.

This study reports characteristics and outcomes of adults who received Azacitidine-Venetoclax (AZA-VEN) compared to other salvage therapies (NO-AZA-VEN) as first salvage therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The clinical data of 81 patients with a diagnosis of relapsed or refractory AML were analyzed. The ORR was comparable for both groups (55% vs 57%, p = 0.852). Median OS (6.8 vs 11.2 months, p = 0.053) and median RFS (6.9 vs 11.2 months, p = 0.488) showed a trend in favor of the NO-AZA-VEN group. OS was significantly longer with NO-AZA-VEN for ELN 2022 risk category sub-group, patients under 60 years old, primary AML and for patients who underwent allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplant after salvage therapy. There was no statistical difference in complications of treatment such as febrile neutropenia, intensive care unit stay, septic shock and total parenteral nutrition. Those results do not support the preferential use of AZA-VEN over other regimens in R/R acute myeloid leukemia.

Analytes within liquid biopsies have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional tissue biopsies for various malignancies, including lymphomas. This review explores the clinical applications of one such liquid biopsy analyte, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in different types of lymphoma, focusing on its role in diagnosis, disease monitoring, and relapse detection. Advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) and machine learning have enhanced ctDNA analysis, offering a multi-omic approach to understanding tumor genetics. In lymphoma, ctDNA provides insights into tumor heterogeneity, aids in genetic profiling, and predicts treatment response. Recent studies demonstrate the prognostic value of ctDNA and its potential to improve patient outcomes by facilitating early disease detection and personalized treatment strategies Despite these advancements, challenges remain in optimizing sample collection, processing, assay sensitivity, and overall consensus workflows in order to facilitate integration into routine clinical practice.

To elucidate the effect of BCOR mutation (BCOR^mut) on clinical outcomes, we included a total of 899 consecutive AML patients in a single-center during July 2016 to December 2021. Fifty cases (5.6%) had BCOR mutations, which co-occurred with mutations of RUNX1, DNMT3A, IDH2, BCORL1, STAG2, SF3B1 and U2AF1, but were exclusive with KIT and CEBPA mutations. BCOR^mut was also found to be exclusive with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1) AML in all patients and MLL rearrangements in the European Leukemia Net (ELN) adverse group. In those receiving intensive chemotherapy regimens, BCOR^mut was associated with lower complete remission (CR) rates and worse prognosis. Subgroup analysis showed that BCOR^mut mainly conferred a poor prognosis in the intermediate and adverse groups of the ELN2017 risk. These results suggest that BCOR mutation is an independent prognostic parameter in AML, implying BCOR mutation as a novel marker for chemorefractory disease and inferior prognosis.