Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2019.1671244
P. Oswald, A. Dequidt, G. Poy
ABSTRACT The Lehmann effect is the continuous rotation of cholesteric droplets subjected to a temperature gradient. Discovered by Otto Lehmann in 1900, this effect was re-observed recently by several authors not only in cholesterics but also in nematics when the director field is twisted inside the droplets. In most experiments, the droplets coexist with their isotropic liquid, but the Lehmann effect can also be observed when the droplets are dispersed in an isotropic liquid in which the LC is partly miscible. After a brief history on the Lehmann effect and its first explanation by Leslie in 1968, we will review the main experimental results obtained on this subject from 2008. In particular, the role of the temperature gradient, of the size of the droplets, of the textures and their orientation with respect to the temperature gradient, of the confinement effects, of the impurities and of the concentration of chiral molecules will be described. A special emphasis will also be placed on the research of hydrodynamic effects to answer the fundamental question of whether it is just the texture or the droplet itself that rotates. We will then review the different models proposed in the literature to explain the Lehmann effect. Among them are two thermomechanical models directly based on the Leslie explanation (named TM1 and TM2 models), a thermomechanical model of rotating texture ‘surfing’ on a heat wave (TM3 model), a model of melting-growth (MG model) that only applies when the droplets coexist with their own isotropic liquid, and a pure hydrodynamic model (H model) based on the existence of Marangoni flows – currently, only evidenced in emulsified cholesterics. The strengths and weaknesses of each model will be discussed in relation with the experimental results.
{"title":"Lehmann effect in nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals: a review","authors":"P. Oswald, A. Dequidt, G. Poy","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2019.1671244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2019.1671244","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Lehmann effect is the continuous rotation of cholesteric droplets subjected to a temperature gradient. Discovered by Otto Lehmann in 1900, this effect was re-observed recently by several authors not only in cholesterics but also in nematics when the director field is twisted inside the droplets. In most experiments, the droplets coexist with their isotropic liquid, but the Lehmann effect can also be observed when the droplets are dispersed in an isotropic liquid in which the LC is partly miscible. After a brief history on the Lehmann effect and its first explanation by Leslie in 1968, we will review the main experimental results obtained on this subject from 2008. In particular, the role of the temperature gradient, of the size of the droplets, of the textures and their orientation with respect to the temperature gradient, of the confinement effects, of the impurities and of the concentration of chiral molecules will be described. A special emphasis will also be placed on the research of hydrodynamic effects to answer the fundamental question of whether it is just the texture or the droplet itself that rotates. We will then review the different models proposed in the literature to explain the Lehmann effect. Among them are two thermomechanical models directly based on the Leslie explanation (named TM1 and TM2 models), a thermomechanical model of rotating texture ‘surfing’ on a heat wave (TM3 model), a model of melting-growth (MG model) that only applies when the droplets coexist with their own isotropic liquid, and a pure hydrodynamic model (H model) based on the existence of Marangoni flows – currently, only evidenced in emulsified cholesterics. The strengths and weaknesses of each model will be discussed in relation with the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":"142 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2019.1671244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49480140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2019.1666753
Deepak Devadiga, T. N. Ahipa
ABSTRACT Research works on new discoid molecules, comprehending an aromatic/heteroaromatic rigid core with flexible peripheral chains, have been gathered with the multiplying attentiveness due to their prime importance as prototype systems for the charge and energy transport investigation and owing to the prospect of their organo-electronic applications. This critical review article delineates the recent headway in the fundamental design ideas and the available synthetic approaches to obtain the most often encountered triazine-based discotic liquid crystals. The major focal point of the review is to explore the exhilarating research on 1,3,5-triazine-based mesogens that has been reported in the last 5 years. Moreover, the current review not only highlights the variety of structural modifications that are undertaken by the various researchers across the globe in the field of 1,3,5-triazine-based discoid molecules, but also facilitates the fascinating and beneficial altering of properties, both for the rudimentary intentions of demonstrating structure–property relationships and for materials focused in the direction of commercially triumphant liquid crystal display and other applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Recent advancements in the mesogens comprising of 1,3,5-triazine core moiety","authors":"Deepak Devadiga, T. N. Ahipa","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2019.1666753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2019.1666753","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research works on new discoid molecules, comprehending an aromatic/heteroaromatic rigid core with flexible peripheral chains, have been gathered with the multiplying attentiveness due to their prime importance as prototype systems for the charge and energy transport investigation and owing to the prospect of their organo-electronic applications. This critical review article delineates the recent headway in the fundamental design ideas and the available synthetic approaches to obtain the most often encountered triazine-based discotic liquid crystals. The major focal point of the review is to explore the exhilarating research on 1,3,5-triazine-based mesogens that has been reported in the last 5 years. Moreover, the current review not only highlights the variety of structural modifications that are undertaken by the various researchers across the globe in the field of 1,3,5-triazine-based discoid molecules, but also facilitates the fascinating and beneficial altering of properties, both for the rudimentary intentions of demonstrating structure–property relationships and for materials focused in the direction of commercially triumphant liquid crystal display and other applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":"107 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2019.1666753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48865360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2019.1621226
M. Arkas, I. Kitsou, A. Gkouma, M. Papageorgiou
ABSTRACT Dendritic polymers are artificial compounds with a unique, repeatedly branched structure inspired by the respective patterns, encountered in trees. They are recognized as the fourth major macromolecular architectural class next to linear, cross linked and branched polymers. Regarding the formation of liquid crystalline phases, they follow the same rules as all the other categories. Suitable chemical functionalization induces segregation. Secondary interactions, in the form of hydrogen bonds in particular, also play a crucial role in mesophase formation by regulating polarity fluctuations and other properties such as rigidity. As a consequence, there are some cases where liquid crystallinity is attributed exclusively to the presence of hydrogen bonding networks, whereas in many more examples mesophase formation is induced mainly due to these interactions. A survey of intra and intermolecular bond influence on the liquid crystalline character of dendritic polymers is presented. The review also covers some examples of supramolecular assemblies exhibiting architecture or incorporating elements reminiscent of trees which cannot be classified as dendritic polymers where segregation resulting by hydrogen bonding is governed by the same principles. In parallel, a description of the various mesophases observed in correlation to different hydrogen bonding patterns is included, and some general conclusions and rules are suggested.
{"title":"The role of hydrogen bonds in the mesomorphic behaviour of supramolecular assemblies organized in dendritic architectures","authors":"M. Arkas, I. Kitsou, A. Gkouma, M. Papageorgiou","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2019.1621226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2019.1621226","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dendritic polymers are artificial compounds with a unique, repeatedly branched structure inspired by the respective patterns, encountered in trees. They are recognized as the fourth major macromolecular architectural class next to linear, cross linked and branched polymers. Regarding the formation of liquid crystalline phases, they follow the same rules as all the other categories. Suitable chemical functionalization induces segregation. Secondary interactions, in the form of hydrogen bonds in particular, also play a crucial role in mesophase formation by regulating polarity fluctuations and other properties such as rigidity. As a consequence, there are some cases where liquid crystallinity is attributed exclusively to the presence of hydrogen bonding networks, whereas in many more examples mesophase formation is induced mainly due to these interactions. A survey of intra and intermolecular bond influence on the liquid crystalline character of dendritic polymers is presented. The review also covers some examples of supramolecular assemblies exhibiting architecture or incorporating elements reminiscent of trees which cannot be classified as dendritic polymers where segregation resulting by hydrogen bonding is governed by the same principles. In parallel, a description of the various mesophases observed in correlation to different hydrogen bonding patterns is included, and some general conclusions and rules are suggested.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":"105 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2019.1621226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49298062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2019.1598295
Yu Xia, Apiradee Honglawan, Shu Yang
ABSTRACT Molecular ordering and the defect structures of a material play essential roles in its function and performance. Controlling molecular alignment and topological defects has been a cornerstone in the field of liquid crystalline (LC) materials. Here, we present an overview of different methods to tailor surface chemistry and surface topography in order to direct the assemblies of LCs, leading to complex morphologies of topological defects. We detail various top-down patterning techniques in specific LC systems, including small molecule nematic and smectic LCs, and LC polymers (LCPs), and their roles in discoveries of new phenomena, new materials, and new applications. We close the review with a prospective on the potential impact of the LC patterning efforts to fundamental understanding, advancement of new materials and new phenomena, and potential technological applications.
{"title":"Tailoring surface patterns to direct the assembly of liquid crystalline materials","authors":"Yu Xia, Apiradee Honglawan, Shu Yang","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2019.1598295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2019.1598295","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Molecular ordering and the defect structures of a material play essential roles in its function and performance. Controlling molecular alignment and topological defects has been a cornerstone in the field of liquid crystalline (LC) materials. Here, we present an overview of different methods to tailor surface chemistry and surface topography in order to direct the assemblies of LCs, leading to complex morphologies of topological defects. We detail various top-down patterning techniques in specific LC systems, including small molecule nematic and smectic LCs, and LC polymers (LCPs), and their roles in discoveries of new phenomena, new materials, and new applications. We close the review with a prospective on the potential impact of the LC patterning efforts to fundamental understanding, advancement of new materials and new phenomena, and potential technological applications.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":"30 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2019.1598295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45394114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2019.1586590
P. Dolganov, P. Cluzeau, V. Dolganov
ABSTRACT In this article we review interactions and collective behavior of inclusions in free-standing smectic films with in-plane orientational ordering. The inclusions interact on large distances and can form various self-organised structures. Topological defects of the director field play a key role in self-organization. Various types of interaction are realized, including dipolar, quadrupolar and interactions of mixed type. We describe different approaches which can be used to modify the interaction of inclusions. Effects of polarity and chirality of the host medium, behavior in external field are discussed. We describe open problems and perspective directions of investigations.
{"title":"Interaction and self-organization of inclusions in two-dimensional free-standing smectic films","authors":"P. Dolganov, P. Cluzeau, V. Dolganov","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2019.1586590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2019.1586590","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article we review interactions and collective behavior of inclusions in free-standing smectic films with in-plane orientational ordering. The inclusions interact on large distances and can form various self-organised structures. Topological defects of the director field play a key role in self-organization. Various types of interaction are realized, including dipolar, quadrupolar and interactions of mixed type. We describe different approaches which can be used to modify the interaction of inclusions. Effects of polarity and chirality of the host medium, behavior in external field are discussed. We describe open problems and perspective directions of investigations.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":"1 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2019.1586590","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47663556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01Epub Date: 2019-11-04DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2019.1666752
Marilyn Porras-Gomez, Cecilia Leal
A major challenge in the delivery of cargo (genes and/or drugs) to cells using nanostructured vehicles is the ability to safely penetrate plasma membranes by escaping the endosome before degradation, later releasing the payload into the cytoplasm or organelle of interest. Lipids are a class of bio-compatible molecules that self-assemble into a variety of liquid crystalline constructs. Most of these materials can be used to encapsulate drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids to deliver them safely into various cell types. Lipid phases offer a plethora of structures capable of forming complexes with biomolecules, most notably nucleic acids. The physichochemical characteristics of the lipid molecular building blocks, one might say the lipid primary structure, dictates how they collectively interact to assemble into various secondary structures. These include bilayers, lamellar stacks of bilayers, two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal arrays of lipid tubes, and even 3D cubic constructs. The liquid crystalline materials can be present in the form of aqueous suspensions, bulk materials or confined to a film configuration depending on the intended application (e.g. bolus vs surface-based delivery). This work compiles recent findings of different lipid-based liquid crystalline constructs both in films and particles for gene and drug delivery applications. We explore how lipid primary and secondary structures endow liquid crystalline materials with the ability to carry biomolecular cargo and interact with cells.
{"title":"Lipid-based Liquid Crystalline Films and Solutions for the Delivery of Cargo to Cells.","authors":"Marilyn Porras-Gomez, Cecilia Leal","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2019.1666752","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21680396.2019.1666752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A major challenge in the delivery of cargo (genes and/or drugs) to cells using nanostructured vehicles is the ability to safely penetrate plasma membranes by escaping the endosome before degradation, later releasing the payload into the cytoplasm or organelle of interest. Lipids are a class of bio-compatible molecules that self-assemble into a variety of liquid crystalline constructs. Most of these materials can be used to encapsulate drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids to deliver them safely into various cell types. Lipid phases offer a plethora of structures capable of forming complexes with biomolecules, most notably nucleic acids. The physichochemical characteristics of the lipid molecular building blocks, one might say the lipid <i>primary</i> structure, dictates how they collectively interact to assemble into various <i>secondary</i> structures. These include bilayers, lamellar stacks of bilayers, two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal arrays of lipid tubes, and even 3D cubic constructs. The liquid crystalline materials can be present in the form of aqueous suspensions, bulk materials or confined to a film configuration depending on the intended application (e.g. bolus vs surface-based delivery). This work compiles recent findings of different lipid-based liquid crystalline constructs both in films and particles for gene and drug delivery applications. We explore how lipid <i>primary</i> and <i>secondary</i> structures endow liquid crystalline materials with the ability to carry biomolecular cargo and interact with cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"7 2","pages":"167-182"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6961842/pdf/nihms-1541372.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37545922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2019.1581103
Jonathan V Selinger
ABSTRACT This article re-examines a classic question in liquid-crystal physics: What are the elastic modes of a nematic liquid crystal? The analysis uses a recent mathematical construction, which breaks the director gradient tensor into four distinct types of mathematical objects, representing splay, twist, bend, and a fourth deformation mode. With this construction, the Oseen-Frank free energy can be written as the sum of squares of the four modes, and saddle-splay can be regarded as bulk rather than surface elasticity. This interpretation leads to an alternative way to think about several previous results in liquid-crystal physics, including: (1) free energy balance between cholesteric and blue phases, (2) director deformations in hybrid-aligned nematic cells, (3) spontaneous twist of achiral liquid crystals confined in a torus or cylinder, and (4) curvature of smectic layers.
{"title":"Interpretation of saddle-splay and the Oseen-Frank free energy in liquid crystals","authors":"Jonathan V Selinger","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2019.1581103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2019.1581103","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article re-examines a classic question in liquid-crystal physics: What are the elastic modes of a nematic liquid crystal? The analysis uses a recent mathematical construction, which breaks the director gradient tensor into four distinct types of mathematical objects, representing splay, twist, bend, and a fourth deformation mode. With this construction, the Oseen-Frank free energy can be written as the sum of squares of the four modes, and saddle-splay can be regarded as bulk rather than surface elasticity. This interpretation leads to an alternative way to think about several previous results in liquid-crystal physics, including: (1) free energy balance between cholesteric and blue phases, (2) director deformations in hybrid-aligned nematic cells, (3) spontaneous twist of achiral liquid crystals confined in a torus or cylinder, and (4) curvature of smectic layers.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":"129 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2019.1581103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46109998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2019.1588797
G. Assanto
ABSTRACT The most recent advances on phenomena and effects which involve spatial optical solitons stemming from the reorientational optical response of nematic liquid crystals, the so called Nematicons, are reviewed hereby. After the initial assessment and basic understanding, in the past few years, significant progress on nematicon optics has included cavity-less beam bistability and hysteresis, spontaneous symmetry breaking, power-adjusted refraction, curved waveguides. In photonics, a novel approach for the bottom-up realization of permanent optical waveguides has been introduced, as well as a soliton-aided random laser with enhanced directionality and pointing control.
{"title":"Nematicons: reorientational solitons from optics to photonics","authors":"G. Assanto","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2019.1588797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2019.1588797","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The most recent advances on phenomena and effects which involve spatial optical solitons stemming from the reorientational optical response of nematic liquid crystals, the so called Nematicons, are reviewed hereby. After the initial assessment and basic understanding, in the past few years, significant progress on nematicon optics has included cavity-less beam bistability and hysteresis, spontaneous symmetry breaking, power-adjusted refraction, curved waveguides. In photonics, a novel approach for the bottom-up realization of permanent optical waveguides has been introduced, as well as a soliton-aided random laser with enhanced directionality and pointing control.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":"170 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2019.1588797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45516908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2019.1589400
S. Yadav, Kanchan Yadav, J. Lahiri, Avanish Singh Parmar
ABSTRACT In recent years, dispersion of nanomaterials in liquid crystal media has attracted a great deal of attention for their applications in various fields and basic understanding. In this regard, nanocomposites of ferroelectric liquid crystals hold a great promise for technological advancement in displays, sensors, development of hybrid materials for optical applications and others. With the emphasis on the properties of ferroelectric liquid crystals, this paper presents a summarizing overview with critical comments on the progress made in last one decade in understanding the influence of nanoparticles on the ferroelectric liquid crystals. The dispersion of nanoparticles in liquid crystal (host material) significantly influences its properties, thereby making the dispersed material more promising for potential applications.
{"title":"Ferroelectric liquid crystal nanocomposites: recent development and future perspective","authors":"S. Yadav, Kanchan Yadav, J. Lahiri, Avanish Singh Parmar","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2019.1589400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2019.1589400","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, dispersion of nanomaterials in liquid crystal media has attracted a great deal of attention for their applications in various fields and basic understanding. In this regard, nanocomposites of ferroelectric liquid crystals hold a great promise for technological advancement in displays, sensors, development of hybrid materials for optical applications and others. With the emphasis on the properties of ferroelectric liquid crystals, this paper presents a summarizing overview with critical comments on the progress made in last one decade in understanding the influence of nanoparticles on the ferroelectric liquid crystals. The dispersion of nanoparticles in liquid crystal (host material) significantly influences its properties, thereby making the dispersed material more promising for potential applications.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":"143 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2019.1589400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47442356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2018.1474813
A. A. Sonin
ABSTRACT A contribution of the well-known physicist-theoretician, the Nobel prize laureate P.-G. de Gennes to the liquid crystal research is analyzed. A history of creation by de Gennes of the so-called Orsay liquid crystal group is also described and a brief scientist’s biography is given.
{"title":"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes and physics of liquid crystals","authors":"A. A. Sonin","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2018.1474813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2018.1474813","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A contribution of the well-known physicist-theoretician, the Nobel prize laureate P.-G. de Gennes to the liquid crystal research is analyzed. A history of creation by de Gennes of the so-called Orsay liquid crystal group is also described and a brief scientist’s biography is given.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"45 33","pages":"109 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2018.1474813","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41258223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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