Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2013.818515
C. Blanc, D. Coursault, E. Lacaze
Besides nanostructured materials, individual particles are key elements for nanosciences. The structuring properties of liquid crystals (LCs) are appealing to assemble them, to organize them on substrates or to design functional composites. We present here an overview on particles/LC systems, the size of the dispersed particles being larger than the typical LC length. We first summarize the large number of advances made these last 10 years concerning microparticles assemblies. We then discuss the evolution of the relevant interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in LCs when their size decreases from micrometers to nanometers. Various NPs assemblies obtained, either in LC bulk, at interfaces or within LC distorted areas or topological defects are then reported and discussed. Finally, we consider the recent possibilities to use NPs as building elements of complex fluids. We discuss accordingly the LC phases, which can be obtained with pure inorganic NPs in concentrated solution, as well as the self-assemblies which can be obtained when NPs are covered by organic mesogenic ligands.
{"title":"Ordering nano- and microparticles assemblies with liquid crystals","authors":"C. Blanc, D. Coursault, E. Lacaze","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2013.818515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2013.818515","url":null,"abstract":"Besides nanostructured materials, individual particles are key elements for nanosciences. The structuring properties of liquid crystals (LCs) are appealing to assemble them, to organize them on substrates or to design functional composites. We present here an overview on particles/LC systems, the size of the dispersed particles being larger than the typical LC length. We first summarize the large number of advances made these last 10 years concerning microparticles assemblies. We then discuss the evolution of the relevant interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in LCs when their size decreases from micrometers to nanometers. Various NPs assemblies obtained, either in LC bulk, at interfaces or within LC distorted areas or topological defects are then reported and discussed. Finally, we consider the recent possibilities to use NPs as building elements of complex fluids. We discuss accordingly the LC phases, which can be obtained with pure inorganic NPs in concentrated solution, as well as the self-assemblies which can be obtained when NPs are covered by organic mesogenic ligands.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"109 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2013.818515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60430406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2013.842130
E. Paineau, A. Philippe, K. Antonova, I. Bihannic, P. Davidson, I. Dozov, J. Gabriel, M. Impéror-Clerc, P. Levitz, F. Meneau, L. Michot
Clay minerals, like beidellite or nontronite, spontaneously exfoliate in water and form colloidal suspensions of nanosheets. In a given range of concentration, these suspensions display a nematic liquid–crystalline phase whose structure and properties can be conveniently studied in detail by polarized-light microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Moreover, in situ SAXS investigations of sheared clay suspensions provide information about their flow properties, both in the isotropic and nematic phases. The colloidal nematic phase shows the classical properties of usual nematics, such as surface anchoring and electric-field and magnetic-field alignment. Thus, nematic single domains can be produced. The isotropic phase also displays strong electro-optic effects in moderate electric fields. Finally, we describe a few examples of applications of such systems and we show how these studies could be extended to suspensions of other types of nanosheets.
{"title":"Liquid–crystalline properties of aqueous suspensions of natural clay nanosheets","authors":"E. Paineau, A. Philippe, K. Antonova, I. Bihannic, P. Davidson, I. Dozov, J. Gabriel, M. Impéror-Clerc, P. Levitz, F. Meneau, L. Michot","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2013.842130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2013.842130","url":null,"abstract":"Clay minerals, like beidellite or nontronite, spontaneously exfoliate in water and form colloidal suspensions of nanosheets. In a given range of concentration, these suspensions display a nematic liquid–crystalline phase whose structure and properties can be conveniently studied in detail by polarized-light microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Moreover, in situ SAXS investigations of sheared clay suspensions provide information about their flow properties, both in the isotropic and nematic phases. The colloidal nematic phase shows the classical properties of usual nematics, such as surface anchoring and electric-field and magnetic-field alignment. Thus, nematic single domains can be produced. The isotropic phase also displays strong electro-optic effects in moderate electric fields. Finally, we describe a few examples of applications of such systems and we show how these studies could be extended to suspensions of other types of nanosheets.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"110 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2013.842130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60430299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2012.742743
L. De Sio, A. Veltri, R. Caputo, A. De Luca, G. Strangi, R. Bartolino, C. Umeton
The acronym POLICRYPS indicates a nano/micro composite structure made of films of well aligned nematic liquid crystal (NLC) alternated to slices of almost pure polymer. Structures are fabricated by curing a homogeneous mixture of mesogenic material, monomer and a curing agent with UV radiation, under suitable physical and geometrical conditions. In particular, geometrical conditions determine (in the range 0.2 ÷ 15 μ m) the spatial periodicity of the realized sample, which can be utilized for transmitting, diffracting or reflecting an impinging light beam, with negligible scattering losses. The spatial modulation of the refractive index (from polymer to NLC) can be switched ON and OFF both by applying an electric field of few V/μ m or, in some cases, by irradiating the sample with a light beam of suitable wavelength. This electrical/optical tuneability is responsible for a series of distinctive characteristics of the optical effects produced by the structure, and determines the range of possible applications. In fact, in different geometries, the POLICRYPS can be exploited as a switchable holographic grating, a switchable optical phase modulator, a switchable beam splitter, a tuneable Bragg filter or it can be exploited as an electro-optical edge filter in an optical interrogation system.
policyryps是一种纳米/微复合结构，由排列良好的向列液晶(NLC)薄膜和几乎纯聚合物片交替构成。结构是通过在适当的物理和几何条件下，用紫外线辐射固化介生材料、单体和固化剂的均匀混合物而制成的。特别是，几何条件决定了所实现样品的空间周期性(在0.2 μ m ~ 15 μ m范围内)，该样品可用于透射、衍射或反射入射光束，散射损失可忽略不计。折射率的空间调制(从聚合物到NLC)可以通过施加几V/μ m的电场或在某些情况下用合适波长的光束照射样品来打开和关闭。这种电/光的可调谐性决定了该结构产生的一系列独特的光学效果，并决定了可能的应用范围。事实上，在不同的几何形状下，POLICRYPS可以用作可切换全息光栅、可切换光学相位调制器、可切换分束器、可调谐布拉格滤波器，或者可以用作光学询问系统中的光电边缘滤波器。
{"title":"POLICRYPS composite structures: realization, characterization and exploitation for electro-optical and all-optical applications","authors":"L. De Sio, A. Veltri, R. Caputo, A. De Luca, G. Strangi, R. Bartolino, C. Umeton","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2012.742743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2012.742743","url":null,"abstract":"The acronym POLICRYPS indicates a nano/micro composite structure made of films of well aligned nematic liquid crystal (NLC) alternated to slices of almost pure polymer. Structures are fabricated by curing a homogeneous mixture of mesogenic material, monomer and a curing agent with UV radiation, under suitable physical and geometrical conditions. In particular, geometrical conditions determine (in the range 0.2 ÷ 15 μ m) the spatial periodicity of the realized sample, which can be utilized for transmitting, diffracting or reflecting an impinging light beam, with negligible scattering losses. The spatial modulation of the refractive index (from polymer to NLC) can be switched ON and OFF both by applying an electric field of few V/μ m or, in some cases, by irradiating the sample with a light beam of suitable wavelength. This electrical/optical tuneability is responsible for a series of distinctive characteristics of the optical effects produced by the structure, and determines the range of possible applications. In fact, in different geometries, the POLICRYPS can be exploited as a switchable holographic grating, a switchable optical phase modulator, a switchable beam splitter, a tuneable Bragg filter or it can be exploited as an electro-optical edge filter in an optical interrogation system.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"19 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2012.742743","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60429735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2013.786246
S. Klein
We are in the middle of another revolution in information processing and distribution. After the invention of script and then print, pictures are taking over again. The number of gadgets with displays is larger than the world population. On average, every single person on earth owns at least one device with a display on it. These displays are the portals to everything we do: communicating, reading, shopping, learning, etc. But are they up to the job? The most successful display technology to date is still the liquid crystal display. It is a well-established technology that can be scaled in size from small to large and, depending on the drive electronics, has no significant inherent limits to resolution. However, poor light efficiency and data congestion caused by high pixel densities are still technical challenges in need of good solutions. Could electrophoresis in a liquid crystal host be the answer? The fundamental basics and technical challenges of this interesting new approach will be discussed.
{"title":"Electrophoretic liquid crystal displays: how far are we?","authors":"S. Klein","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2013.786246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2013.786246","url":null,"abstract":"We are in the middle of another revolution in information processing and distribution. After the invention of script and then print, pictures are taking over again. The number of gadgets with displays is larger than the world population. On average, every single person on earth owns at least one device with a display on it. These displays are the portals to everything we do: communicating, reading, shopping, learning, etc. But are they up to the job? The most successful display technology to date is still the liquid crystal display. It is a well-established technology that can be scaled in size from small to large and, depending on the drive electronics, has no significant inherent limits to resolution. However, poor light efficiency and data congestion caused by high pixel densities are still technical challenges in need of good solutions. Could electrophoresis in a liquid crystal host be the answer? The fundamental basics and technical challenges of this interesting new approach will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"52 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2013.786246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60429848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2013.803701
A. Jákli
Bent-core (BC) materials that form nematic liquid crystals (BC nematics (BCNs)) are known only since 2000, but since then they have been intensively studied. In this review we give a comprehensive summary of the main research directions and results. After discussing representative examples of molecules making BCNs, we review theoretical predictions and experimental findings about macroscopic symmetries, such as chirality of achiral and chiral molecules, tetrahedratic symmetry and phase biaxiality versus uniaxiality. Then we describe the properties of smectic nano clusters often observed in BCNs, and discuss rheological properties that reveal unusually large viscosities and small twist and bend elastic constants. Finally, we focus on the electric properties of BCNs, such as dielectric and ferroelectric properties, electroconvection (EC) and electromechanical effects.
{"title":"Liquid crystals of the twenty-first century – nematic phase of bent-core molecules","authors":"A. Jákli","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2013.803701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2013.803701","url":null,"abstract":"Bent-core (BC) materials that form nematic liquid crystals (BC nematics (BCNs)) are known only since 2000, but since then they have been intensively studied. In this review we give a comprehensive summary of the main research directions and results. After discussing representative examples of molecules making BCNs, we review theoretical predictions and experimental findings about macroscopic symmetries, such as chirality of achiral and chiral molecules, tetrahedratic symmetry and phase biaxiality versus uniaxiality. Then we describe the properties of smectic nano clusters often observed in BCNs, and discuss rheological properties that reveal unusually large viscosities and small twist and bend elastic constants. Finally, we focus on the electric properties of BCNs, such as dielectric and ferroelectric properties, electroconvection (EC) and electromechanical effects.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"65 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2013.803701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60430277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2013.766410
Danqing Liu, D. Broer
Coating of liquid crystal (LC) networks modified with azobenzene moieties as crosslinks was reviewed to create surface topographies in the micrometer range by exposure with UV light. Various configurations were worked out. Homogeneous cholesteric networks and homeotropic nematic networks could form well-defined protrusions by local exposure. The protrusions can be dynamic, i.e. disappear as soon as light is switched off, or be permanent keeping stable topological structures even after the exposure stops. The formation of the protrusions was proven to be induced mainly by a decrease in density when the order in the LC network is reduced under the trans to–cis isomerization of the azobenzene units. Next to the photochemical effect also heating by absorption played a role. When the polymer network coating was build up from alternating cholesteric and homeotropic areas a uniform exposure led to the surface topography. When exposed, the cholesteric areas are protruding and the homeotropic areas are indenting. In this the deformation is enhanced by the orchestrated linear geometric shear deformations in the neighboring areas where the homeotropic areas tend to expand in the lateral direction and the cholesteric areas in the direction perpendicular to the coating.
{"title":"Liquid crystal polymer networks: switchable surface topographies","authors":"Danqing Liu, D. Broer","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2013.766410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2013.766410","url":null,"abstract":"Coating of liquid crystal (LC) networks modified with azobenzene moieties as crosslinks was reviewed to create surface topographies in the micrometer range by exposure with UV light. Various configurations were worked out. Homogeneous cholesteric networks and homeotropic nematic networks could form well-defined protrusions by local exposure. The protrusions can be dynamic, i.e. disappear as soon as light is switched off, or be permanent keeping stable topological structures even after the exposure stops. The formation of the protrusions was proven to be induced mainly by a decrease in density when the order in the LC network is reduced under the trans to–cis isomerization of the azobenzene units. Next to the photochemical effect also heating by absorption played a role. When the polymer network coating was build up from alternating cholesteric and homeotropic areas a uniform exposure led to the surface topography. When exposed, the cholesteric areas are protruding and the homeotropic areas are indenting. In this the deformation is enhanced by the orchestrated linear geometric shear deformations in the neighboring areas where the homeotropic areas tend to expand in the lateral direction and the cholesteric areas in the direction perpendicular to the coating.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"20 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2013.766410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60429977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2013.769310
Rebecca J Carlton, Jacob T Hunter, Daniel S Miller, Reza Abbasi, Peter C Mushenheim, Lie Na Tan, Nicholas L Abbott
The liquid crystalline state of matter arises from orientation-dependent, non-covalent interaction between molecules within condensed phases. Because the balance of intermolecular forces that underlies formation of liquid crystals is delicate, this state of matter can, in general, be easily perturbed by external stimuli (such as an electric field in a display). In this review, we present an overview of recent efforts that have focused on exploiting the responsiveness of liquid crystals as the basis of chemical and biological sensors. In this application of liquid crystals, the challenge is to design liquid crystalline systems that undergo changes in organization when perturbed by targeted chemical and biological species of interest. The approaches described below revolve around the design of interfaces that selectively bind targeted species, thus leading to surface-driven changes in the organization of the liquid crystals. Because liquid crystals possess anisotropic optical and dielectric properties, a range of different methods can be used to read out the changes in organization of liquid crystals that are caused by targeted chemical and biological species. This review focuses on principles for liquid crystal-based sensors that provide an optical output.
{"title":"Chemical and biological sensing using liquid crystals.","authors":"Rebecca J Carlton, Jacob T Hunter, Daniel S Miller, Reza Abbasi, Peter C Mushenheim, Lie Na Tan, Nicholas L Abbott","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2013.769310","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21680396.2013.769310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The liquid crystalline state of matter arises from orientation-dependent, non-covalent interaction between molecules within condensed phases. Because the balance of intermolecular forces that underlies formation of liquid crystals is delicate, this state of matter can, in general, be easily perturbed by external stimuli (such as an electric field in a display). In this review, we present an overview of recent efforts that have focused on exploiting the responsiveness of liquid crystals as the basis of chemical and biological sensors. In this application of liquid crystals, the challenge is to design liquid crystalline systems that undergo changes in organization when perturbed by targeted chemical and biological species of interest. The approaches described below revolve around the design of interfaces that selectively bind targeted species, thus leading to surface-driven changes in the organization of the liquid crystals. Because liquid crystals possess anisotropic optical and dielectric properties, a range of different methods can be used to read out the changes in organization of liquid crystals that are caused by targeted chemical and biological species. This review focuses on principles for liquid crystal-based sensors that provide an optical output.</p>","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"29-51"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4005293/pdf/nihms-555473.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32315914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-28DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2014.937081
G. Barbero, L. R. Evangelista
NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS: FUNDAMENTALS AND BULK PROPERTIES Nematic Order Parameters Maier-Saupe Approach for the Nematic-Isotropic Phase Transition Continuum Description of the Nematic Phase External Field Contribution to the Elastic Energy Density Equilbrium Configuration in Strong and Weak Anchoring Situations NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS: SURFACE PROPERTIES Anchoring The Anchoring Energy Function Periodic Deformations in Nematic Liquid Crystals Spontaneous Periodic Distortions in Nematic Liquid Crystals: Dependence on the Tilt Angle Theoretical Models for the Surface Free Energy Stochastic Contribution to the Anchoring Energy: Deviation from the Rapini-Papolar Expression Validity of the Elastic Model for Nematic Surface Anchoring Energy Contribution of the Smectic-Nematic to the Surface Energy TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE SURFACE FREE ENERGY Thermal Relaxation Model of Surface Director Gliding in Lyotropic Liquid Crystals Thermal Renormalization of the Anchoring Energy Temperature Induced Surface Transition in Nematic Liquid Crystals Oriented by Evaporated SiOx A Local Self-Consistent Approach to the Phase Transition at the Nematic Liquid Crystal - Wall Interface SURFACE ADSORPTION OF PARTICLES: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Introduction Statement of the Problem: Langmuir's Isotherm Surface Adsorption and Anchoring Transition Photo-Manipulation of the Anchoring Strength of Photochromic Nematic Liquid Crystal Adsorption of Magnetic Grains in Magnetic Fluids Selective Ionic Adsorption in Liquid Crystals SURFACE ELECTRIC FIELD-INDUCED INSTABILITIES IN NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS SAMPLE The General Electrostatic Model Analysis I: Variation Solution of the Eigenvalue Problem Analysis II: Series Solution of the Eigenvalue Problem Role of the Elastic Term Linear in the Spatial Derivatives of the Nematic Director in a 1D Geometry Conclusions IONS AND NEMATIC SURFACE ENERGY: BEYOND THE EXPONENTIAL APPROXIMATION FOR THE ELECTRIC FIELD OF IONIC ORIGIN Introduction Theoretical Model: Non-Linear Poisson-Boltzman Equation External Electric Field Effect in the Nematic Anchoring Energy Contribution to the Surface Energy of Dielectric Origin Conclusions ADSORPTION PHENOMENON AND EXTERNAL FIELD EFFECT ON AN ISOTROPIC LIQUID CONTAINING IMPURITIES Introduction The Model The Charge and Field Distributions Ionic Adsorption in the Absence of External Equilibrium Distribution of Charges Extensions of the Model Influence of the Adsorption Energy in the Dieletric Contribution to the Anchoring Energy FERMILIKE DESCRIPTION OF THE ADSORPTION PHENOMENON Introduction The Fermi-Like Model Application: Ion Adsorption in Isotropic Fluids Limits Numerical Results Conclusions
{"title":"Adsorption phenomena and anchoring energy in nematic liquid crystals","authors":"G. Barbero, L. R. Evangelista","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2014.937081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2014.937081","url":null,"abstract":"NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS: FUNDAMENTALS AND BULK PROPERTIES Nematic Order Parameters Maier-Saupe Approach for the Nematic-Isotropic Phase Transition Continuum Description of the Nematic Phase External Field Contribution to the Elastic Energy Density Equilbrium Configuration in Strong and Weak Anchoring Situations NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS: SURFACE PROPERTIES Anchoring The Anchoring Energy Function Periodic Deformations in Nematic Liquid Crystals Spontaneous Periodic Distortions in Nematic Liquid Crystals: Dependence on the Tilt Angle Theoretical Models for the Surface Free Energy Stochastic Contribution to the Anchoring Energy: Deviation from the Rapini-Papolar Expression Validity of the Elastic Model for Nematic Surface Anchoring Energy Contribution of the Smectic-Nematic to the Surface Energy TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE SURFACE FREE ENERGY Thermal Relaxation Model of Surface Director Gliding in Lyotropic Liquid Crystals Thermal Renormalization of the Anchoring Energy Temperature Induced Surface Transition in Nematic Liquid Crystals Oriented by Evaporated SiOx A Local Self-Consistent Approach to the Phase Transition at the Nematic Liquid Crystal - Wall Interface SURFACE ADSORPTION OF PARTICLES: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Introduction Statement of the Problem: Langmuir's Isotherm Surface Adsorption and Anchoring Transition Photo-Manipulation of the Anchoring Strength of Photochromic Nematic Liquid Crystal Adsorption of Magnetic Grains in Magnetic Fluids Selective Ionic Adsorption in Liquid Crystals SURFACE ELECTRIC FIELD-INDUCED INSTABILITIES IN NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS SAMPLE The General Electrostatic Model Analysis I: Variation Solution of the Eigenvalue Problem Analysis II: Series Solution of the Eigenvalue Problem Role of the Elastic Term Linear in the Spatial Derivatives of the Nematic Director in a 1D Geometry Conclusions IONS AND NEMATIC SURFACE ENERGY: BEYOND THE EXPONENTIAL APPROXIMATION FOR THE ELECTRIC FIELD OF IONIC ORIGIN Introduction Theoretical Model: Non-Linear Poisson-Boltzman Equation External Electric Field Effect in the Nematic Anchoring Energy Contribution to the Surface Energy of Dielectric Origin Conclusions ADSORPTION PHENOMENON AND EXTERNAL FIELD EFFECT ON AN ISOTROPIC LIQUID CONTAINING IMPURITIES Introduction The Model The Charge and Field Distributions Ionic Adsorption in the Absence of External Equilibrium Distribution of Charges Extensions of the Model Influence of the Adsorption Energy in the Dieletric Contribution to the Anchoring Energy FERMILIKE DESCRIPTION OF THE ADSORPTION PHENOMENON Introduction The Fermi-Like Model Application: Ion Adsorption in Isotropic Fluids Limits Numerical Results Conclusions","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"47 1","pages":"72 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2005-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2014.937081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60430250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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