Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2018.1496041
S. Residori, U. Bortolozzo, J. Huignard
ABSTRACT Liquid crystals offer an unique versatile platform for optical applications and light manipulation. Indeed, besides the well-known realization of liquid crystal displays, liquid crystal-based technologies and, particularly, spatial light modulators (SLM) allow achieving efficient control of the phase and amplitude of optical beams at various wavelengths and optical powers. Thanks to their transparency in a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum, optical selectivity and high birefringence, liquid crystals offer the possibility of implementing optical functions, as spectral filters, light shaping, delay lines and phase shifter, in a wide range of optical wavelengths and input powers depending on the particular configuration and materials considered. In this review, we present an overview of our achievements on liquid crystal light valves, optically addressed SLM that combine liquid crystals with a photosensitive material in order to optimize the electro-optical response of the medium as a whole. We show the ability of light valves in behaving as nonlinear optical media where optical wave mixing can be performed with various interaction schemes. Different applications, such as slow light, interferometry, optical sensing and dynamic holography, are highlighted.
{"title":"Liquid crystal light valves as optically addressed liquid crystal spatial light modulators: optical wave mixing and sensing applications","authors":"S. Residori, U. Bortolozzo, J. Huignard","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2018.1496041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2018.1496041","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Liquid crystals offer an unique versatile platform for optical applications and light manipulation. Indeed, besides the well-known realization of liquid crystal displays, liquid crystal-based technologies and, particularly, spatial light modulators (SLM) allow achieving efficient control of the phase and amplitude of optical beams at various wavelengths and optical powers. Thanks to their transparency in a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum, optical selectivity and high birefringence, liquid crystals offer the possibility of implementing optical functions, as spectral filters, light shaping, delay lines and phase shifter, in a wide range of optical wavelengths and input powers depending on the particular configuration and materials considered. In this review, we present an overview of our achievements on liquid crystal light valves, optically addressed SLM that combine liquid crystals with a photosensitive material in order to optimize the electro-optical response of the medium as a whole. We show the ability of light valves in behaving as nonlinear optical media where optical wave mixing can be performed with various interaction schemes. Different applications, such as slow light, interferometry, optical sensing and dynamic holography, are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2018.1496041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42834326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2018.1509387
I. Khoo
ABSTRACT We present a comprehensive review of nonlinear optics and photonics of two ordered phases of liquid crystals, namely, Cholesteric and Blue-phase liquid crystals that exhibit 1- and 3-D photonic crystalline properties. We delve into the ultrafast individual molecular electronic nonlinearity as well as crystalline non-electronic nonlinearities arising from laser induced electrostriction, thermal-, density- and order parameter changes, director axis reorientation and lattice distortion. Emphasis is placed on exploring the unique advantages associated with their liquid crystalline and photonic crystal properties. Exemplary feasibilities demonstration of all-optical passive eye/sensor protection, femtoseconds and picoseconds pulse modulations, lasing actions, aberration-free optical phase conjugation and all-optical image processing and holographic recording are presented along with a critical review and comparison with their nematic counterparts and other electro-optical or nonlinear optical materials.
{"title":"Cholesteric and blue-phase liquid photonic crystals for nonlinear optics and ultrafast laser pulse modulations","authors":"I. Khoo","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2018.1509387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2018.1509387","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We present a comprehensive review of nonlinear optics and photonics of two ordered phases of liquid crystals, namely, Cholesteric and Blue-phase liquid crystals that exhibit 1- and 3-D photonic crystalline properties. We delve into the ultrafast individual molecular electronic nonlinearity as well as crystalline non-electronic nonlinearities arising from laser induced electrostriction, thermal-, density- and order parameter changes, director axis reorientation and lattice distortion. Emphasis is placed on exploring the unique advantages associated with their liquid crystalline and photonic crystal properties. Exemplary feasibilities demonstration of all-optical passive eye/sensor protection, femtoseconds and picoseconds pulse modulations, lasing actions, aberration-free optical phase conjugation and all-optical image processing and holographic recording are presented along with a critical review and comparison with their nematic counterparts and other electro-optical or nonlinear optical materials.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":"53 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2018.1509387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45061457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2018.1509385
R. Camley, Z. Celinski, Y. Garbovskiy, A. Glushchenko
ABSTRACT Liquid crystal technology has a long well-established history of applications in visible light, primarily in the display industry. In contrast, applications at lower frequencies (microwave through infrared) are less common. In this paper, we examine non-display applications and review the use of liquid crystal materials for tunable signal processing devices operating at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies. These devices include tunable phase shifters, filters (bandpass and bandstop), antennas and antenna arrays, resonators, and frequency selective surfaces. We also give a short review of the typical characteristics of liquid crystals in these frequency ranges.
{"title":"Liquid crystals for signal processing applications in the microwave and millimeter wave frequency ranges","authors":"R. Camley, Z. Celinski, Y. Garbovskiy, A. Glushchenko","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2018.1509385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2018.1509385","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Liquid crystal technology has a long well-established history of applications in visible light, primarily in the display industry. In contrast, applications at lower frequencies (microwave through infrared) are less common. In this paper, we examine non-display applications and review the use of liquid crystal materials for tunable signal processing devices operating at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies. These devices include tunable phase shifters, filters (bandpass and bandstop), antennas and antenna arrays, resonators, and frequency selective surfaces. We also give a short review of the typical characteristics of liquid crystals in these frequency ranges.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":"17 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2018.1509385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46288246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2018.1530155
Sabina W. Ula, N. A. Traugutt, R. Volpe, Ravi R. Patel, Kai Yu, C. M. Yakacki
ABSTRACT Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a unique class of materials that combine rubber elasticity with liquid crystalline anisotropy to produce exceptional physical and optical properties such as actuation, soft elasticity, and birefringence. This review gives a brief overview of the physics behind liquid crystals and classifications of LCEs before discussing the methods traditionally used to synthesize LCEs, the new methods of synthesis that have emerged within the past several years, and the developing applications of LCEs. The review begins by discussing the organization of liquid crystals in LCEs and how their coupling to the polymer backbone affects their macroscopic properties. Traditional LCE synthesis methods and their drawbacks in terms of moving towards applications are then touched upon, as well as emerging chemistries that eliminate many of the challenges associated with LCE synthesis. Thiol-Michael reactions and covalent adaptable networks, which allow for bulk sample synthesis and repeated programming, respectively, are discussed at length. Finally, applications of LCEs in 4D printing and as biomedical devices are illustrated.
{"title":"Liquid crystal elastomers: an introduction and review of emerging technologies","authors":"Sabina W. Ula, N. A. Traugutt, R. Volpe, Ravi R. Patel, Kai Yu, C. M. Yakacki","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2018.1530155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2018.1530155","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a unique class of materials that combine rubber elasticity with liquid crystalline anisotropy to produce exceptional physical and optical properties such as actuation, soft elasticity, and birefringence. This review gives a brief overview of the physics behind liquid crystals and classifications of LCEs before discussing the methods traditionally used to synthesize LCEs, the new methods of synthesis that have emerged within the past several years, and the developing applications of LCEs. The review begins by discussing the organization of liquid crystals in LCEs and how their coupling to the polymer backbone affects their macroscopic properties. Traditional LCE synthesis methods and their drawbacks in terms of moving towards applications are then touched upon, as well as emerging chemistries that eliminate many of the challenges associated with LCE synthesis. Thiol-Michael reactions and covalent adaptable networks, which allow for bulk sample synthesis and repeated programming, respectively, are discussed at length. Finally, applications of LCEs in 4D printing and as biomedical devices are illustrated.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":"107 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2018.1530155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43936303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2018.1440256
Yi-Hsin Lin, Yu-Jen Wang, V. Reshetnyak
ABSTRACT Lenses with tunable focal length play important roles in nature by helping species avoid predators and capture prey. Many practical devices mimic lens concept for imaging, sensing, and detection. This review covers fundamental optics of lenses and its extension to lenses made of liquid crystals (LCs). Three main types of LC lenses are described, namely, lenses with curved surfaces, flat gradient-index lenses and composite lenses. The review discusses advantages of LC lenses over their isotropic counterparts, challenges in their fabrication and control, as well as a variety of potential applications. We also discuss the current challenges associated with nematic LC lenses and their solutions. LC lenses are already having significant impacts on optics and optometry, and these impacts will grow with discovering new LC materials and new lens designs.
{"title":"Liquid crystal lenses with tunable focal length","authors":"Yi-Hsin Lin, Yu-Jen Wang, V. Reshetnyak","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2018.1440256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2018.1440256","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lenses with tunable focal length play important roles in nature by helping species avoid predators and capture prey. Many practical devices mimic lens concept for imaging, sensing, and detection. This review covers fundamental optics of lenses and its extension to lenses made of liquid crystals (LCs). Three main types of LC lenses are described, namely, lenses with curved surfaces, flat gradient-index lenses and composite lenses. The review discusses advantages of LC lenses over their isotropic counterparts, challenges in their fabrication and control, as well as a variety of potential applications. We also discuss the current challenges associated with nematic LC lenses and their solutions. LC lenses are already having significant impacts on optics and optometry, and these impacts will grow with discovering new LC materials and new lens designs.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"111 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2018.1440256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45266335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2017.1394923
J. Canejo, N. Monge, C. Echeverria, S. Fernandes, M. Godinho
ABSTRACT Cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer on earth, is used in numerous applications in our day-to-day life. However, the discovery that cellulose-based systems could lead to the formation of liquid crystalline phases only dates to the 1970s. Compared with all known applications of cellulose, the liquid crystalline behavior has been less considered. Associated with this are the low solubility of cellulose and the existence of a chiral nematic precursor solution and its processing under the action of a shear field, which is used to produce fibers and films. In this review, we first conduct a short review of the main features of cellulosic liquid crystalline phases including the main textures observed by polarizing optical microscopy and the cholesteric phase characteristics of thermotropic and lyotropic systems observed for cellulose and cellulose derivatives. Then, we focus on the rheological properties of liquid crystalline solutions and special attention is given to the formation of striations developed during shear and the formation of the band texture, which appears during the relaxation process. Among the different techniques used, special emphasis is given to the results obtained by coupling rheology with optical microscopy (Rheo-optics) and nuclear magnetic resonance (Rheo-NMR) techniques. Some examples described in the literature, related to the use of cellulose and cellulose derivatives liquid crystals to the production of structural color scaffolds, stimuli-responsive films and fibers, are addressed. In these systems, the initial cholesteric phase determines the unique properties exhibited by the films and the fibers produced from cellulosic liquid crystalline systems.
{"title":"Cellulosic liquid crystals for films and fibers","authors":"J. Canejo, N. Monge, C. Echeverria, S. Fernandes, M. Godinho","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2017.1394923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2017.1394923","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer on earth, is used in numerous applications in our day-to-day life. However, the discovery that cellulose-based systems could lead to the formation of liquid crystalline phases only dates to the 1970s. Compared with all known applications of cellulose, the liquid crystalline behavior has been less considered. Associated with this are the low solubility of cellulose and the existence of a chiral nematic precursor solution and its processing under the action of a shear field, which is used to produce fibers and films. In this review, we first conduct a short review of the main features of cellulosic liquid crystalline phases including the main textures observed by polarizing optical microscopy and the cholesteric phase characteristics of thermotropic and lyotropic systems observed for cellulose and cellulose derivatives. Then, we focus on the rheological properties of liquid crystalline solutions and special attention is given to the formation of striations developed during shear and the formation of the band texture, which appears during the relaxation process. Among the different techniques used, special emphasis is given to the results obtained by coupling rheology with optical microscopy (Rheo-optics) and nuclear magnetic resonance (Rheo-NMR) techniques. Some examples described in the literature, related to the use of cellulose and cellulose derivatives liquid crystals to the production of structural color scaffolds, stimuli-responsive films and fibers, are addressed. In these systems, the initial cholesteric phase determines the unique properties exhibited by the films and the fibers produced from cellulosic liquid crystalline systems.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"110 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2017.1394923","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45703028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2017.1361874
J. Mo, G. Milleret, Mamatha Nagaraj
ABSTRACT Liquid crystals (LCs) are an intermediate state of matter that exists between conventional solids and liquids. They are vital to the existence of life as several critical components in living organisms such as cell wall and biochemical fluids are liquid crystalline in nature. Drug delivery based on LCs is a vast field of research. In recent years there has been a huge leap in interest into using LCs, particularly lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), as nanoparticles (cubosomes and hexosomes) for drug delivery applications. Such nanoparticle-based drug delivery promise efficient, controlled and target selective release of drugs. This paper reviews the concepts and techniques involved in LLC-based drug delivery. The influence of physical properties of LCs on the drug carrier design and efficiency, key aspects of the methods used to identify, characterize and analyse lyotropic nanoparticles and the feasibility of production of nanoparticles for their widespread usage are discussed. The study suggests that LC-based nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize drug delivery industry, however a reliable method for production of nanoparticles on a large scale needs to be explored further.
{"title":"Liquid crystal nanoparticles for commercial drug delivery","authors":"J. Mo, G. Milleret, Mamatha Nagaraj","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2017.1361874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2017.1361874","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Liquid crystals (LCs) are an intermediate state of matter that exists between conventional solids and liquids. They are vital to the existence of life as several critical components in living organisms such as cell wall and biochemical fluids are liquid crystalline in nature. Drug delivery based on LCs is a vast field of research. In recent years there has been a huge leap in interest into using LCs, particularly lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), as nanoparticles (cubosomes and hexosomes) for drug delivery applications. Such nanoparticle-based drug delivery promise efficient, controlled and target selective release of drugs. This paper reviews the concepts and techniques involved in LLC-based drug delivery. The influence of physical properties of LCs on the drug carrier design and efficiency, key aspects of the methods used to identify, characterize and analyse lyotropic nanoparticles and the feasibility of production of nanoparticles for their widespread usage are discussed. The study suggests that LC-based nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize drug delivery industry, however a reliable method for production of nanoparticles on a large scale needs to be explored further.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"69 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2017.1361874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43552664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2017.1304835
A. Mertelj, D. Lisjak
ABSTRACT This review presents experimental realization and behaviour of the ferromagnetic nematic phase, which is observed in different suspensions of magnetic nanoplatelets. After a general introduction, the challenges in the synthesis of magnetic nanoplatelets and preparation of the nematic suspensions are discussed. A brief explanation of a simple macroscopic theory, which can be used to understand the main features of the ferromagnetic phase, follows. In the main part, four different ferromagnetic nematic systems are presented: (i) ferromagnetic suspensions of the platelets in nematic liquid crystals, (ii) dense suspensions in an isotropic solvent – ferromagnetic ferrofluids, (iii) biaxial ferromagnetic nematic suspensions, and (iv) chiral ferromagnetic suspensions. The main focus is on the formation of the ferromagnetic phases and the growth of the magnetic domains. At the end, dynamics of ferromagnetic liquid crystals and methods for their observation are briefly discussed.
{"title":"Ferromagnetic nematic liquid crystals","authors":"A. Mertelj, D. Lisjak","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2017.1304835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2017.1304835","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This review presents experimental realization and behaviour of the ferromagnetic nematic phase, which is observed in different suspensions of magnetic nanoplatelets. After a general introduction, the challenges in the synthesis of magnetic nanoplatelets and preparation of the nematic suspensions are discussed. A brief explanation of a simple macroscopic theory, which can be used to understand the main features of the ferromagnetic phase, follows. In the main part, four different ferromagnetic nematic systems are presented: (i) ferromagnetic suspensions of the platelets in nematic liquid crystals, (ii) dense suspensions in an isotropic solvent – ferromagnetic ferrofluids, (iii) biaxial ferromagnetic nematic suspensions, and (iv) chiral ferromagnetic suspensions. The main focus is on the formation of the ferromagnetic phases and the growth of the magnetic domains. At the end, dynamics of ferromagnetic liquid crystals and methods for their observation are briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"1 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2017.1304835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45042666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2017.1327827
Dae‐Yoon Kim, Seok‐In Lim, D. Jung, Joo-Kyoung Hwang, Namil Kim, K. Jeong
ABSTRACT With growth of interest in functional materials possessing highly organized and well-defined nanostructures, lyotropic mesophases have received much attention. Amphiphiles and chromogens can spontaneously construct ordered lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) and lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal phases in both organic and inorganic solvents. The combined properties of self-organization with facile orientation and intriguing optical adjustments grant lyotropic mesophases with many potential applications, including use in coatable polarizers, micropatterned films, soft actuators, biomimetic chirophotonic crystals, and energy harvesting devices. In this review, we discuss the general concept of self-assembled lyotropic mesophases and their corresponding structural evolutions in aqueous and non-aqueous systems. Recent research progress in the investigations of polymer-stabilized LLC is also discussed.
{"title":"Self-assembly and polymer-stabilization of lyotropic liquid crystals in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions","authors":"Dae‐Yoon Kim, Seok‐In Lim, D. Jung, Joo-Kyoung Hwang, Namil Kim, K. Jeong","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2017.1327827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2017.1327827","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With growth of interest in functional materials possessing highly organized and well-defined nanostructures, lyotropic mesophases have received much attention. Amphiphiles and chromogens can spontaneously construct ordered lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) and lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal phases in both organic and inorganic solvents. The combined properties of self-organization with facile orientation and intriguing optical adjustments grant lyotropic mesophases with many potential applications, including use in coatable polarizers, micropatterned films, soft actuators, biomimetic chirophotonic crystals, and energy harvesting devices. In this review, we discuss the general concept of self-assembled lyotropic mesophases and their corresponding structural evolutions in aqueous and non-aqueous systems. Recent research progress in the investigations of polymer-stabilized LLC is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"34 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2017.1327827","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45233337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2017.1341353
A. Bregar, Timothy J. White, M. Ravnik
ABSTRACT Refraction of light at a boundary between an isotropic dielectric and an optically anisotropic material – liquid crystalline or metamaterial – is elaborated, especially the dependence on the angle between the anisotropic material birefringence optical axis and the material surface. Different regimes of negative and positive refraction are shown, caused by the liquid-crystalline optical response or potential negative-positive anisotropic metamaterial, identifying distinct regimes of refraction and reflection. The theoretical analysis is verified with finite-difference time-domain simulations and presented in the context of selected related literature. More broadly, this work is a contribution towards developing and understanding anisotropic liquid crystal-type soft metamaterials to achieve novel photonic phenomena based on optical anisotropy.
{"title":"Refraction of light on flat boundary of liquid crystals or anisotropic metamaterials","authors":"A. Bregar, Timothy J. White, M. Ravnik","doi":"10.1080/21680396.2017.1341353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2017.1341353","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Refraction of light at a boundary between an isotropic dielectric and an optically anisotropic material – liquid crystalline or metamaterial – is elaborated, especially the dependence on the angle between the anisotropic material birefringence optical axis and the material surface. Different regimes of negative and positive refraction are shown, caused by the liquid-crystalline optical response or potential negative-positive anisotropic metamaterial, identifying distinct regimes of refraction and reflection. The theoretical analysis is verified with finite-difference time-domain simulations and presented in the context of selected related literature. More broadly, this work is a contribution towards developing and understanding anisotropic liquid crystal-type soft metamaterials to achieve novel photonic phenomena based on optical anisotropy.","PeriodicalId":18087,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"53 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21680396.2017.1341353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44808518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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