In this article, we report on the transformation from face-to-face learning to online virtual learning in the Libyan International Medical University (LIMU). Due to the widespread of COVID-19 worldwide, the Libyan government has enforced a full lockdown on higher education institutions without providing any solutions. This lockdown involved all public and private schools, and universities. Consequently, LIMU transformed its education strategy from face-to-face learning to virtual learning. The learning management system “Moodle” was already used in LIMU since its establishment which made the transformation to online learning much easier to students. Virtual learning is represented by audio and video recording of lectures, and laboratory lessons, live interviews, and interactive sessions for seminars, PBL, and lectures. Students' assessments, both formative and summative assessments were applied using Moodle quizzes and Safe Exam Browser. During the whole process of change, we faced many challenges and limitations. In conclusion, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, we had the opportunity to experience online education which is the best platform to keep safe and to continue their learning.
{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on education: Case report","authors":"Adel Altawaty, Sara Glessa, Mohammed Ambarek","doi":"10.4103/liuj.liuj_68_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/liuj.liuj_68_21","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we report on the transformation from face-to-face learning to online virtual learning in the Libyan International Medical University (LIMU). Due to the widespread of COVID-19 worldwide, the Libyan government has enforced a full lockdown on higher education institutions without providing any solutions. This lockdown involved all public and private schools, and universities. Consequently, LIMU transformed its education strategy from face-to-face learning to virtual learning. The learning management system “Moodle” was already used in LIMU since its establishment which made the transformation to online learning much easier to students. Virtual learning is represented by audio and video recording of lectures, and laboratory lessons, live interviews, and interactive sessions for seminars, PBL, and lectures. Students' assessments, both formative and summative assessments were applied using Moodle quizzes and Safe Exam Browser. During the whole process of change, we faced many challenges and limitations. In conclusion, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, we had the opportunity to experience online education which is the best platform to keep safe and to continue their learning.","PeriodicalId":18106,"journal":{"name":"Libyan International Medical University Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"47 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80101890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Olarinoye, O. Folaranmi, B. Olagbaye, J. Olarinoye, K. Adesina, A. Adeniran
Objective: The study objective was to evaluate placental changes and the perinatal outcomes among women with preeclampsia/eclampsia and compare to normotensive pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This was a comparative (prospective) study, participants were 146 pregnant women; 73 preeclamptic/eclamptic (study group) and 73 normotensive (control group) at 28–40-week gestation selected by purposive sampling. The primary outcome measure was the placenta characteristics, while the secondary outcome was the perinatal outcomes. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0, and statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean placental weight for study group was significantly lower than controls (556.82 g ± 169.72 vs. 649.93 g ± 116.38; P ≤ 0.001); 12 (16%) placentae in the study group had gross placental infarction compared to none (0%) among controls. Study group placentae showed 11 types of microscopic placental changes compared to four among controls. Decidual vasculopathy (P = 0.049), incomplete vascular modeling (P = 0.019), accelerated villi maturity (P = 0.049), acute chorioamnionitis (P = 0.048), and microcalcifications (P = 0.040) were significantly associated with low APGAR scores in the study group. The 1st and 5th min APGAR scores were lower in the study group (P ≤ 0.001, 49.3% vs. 8.2%) and (P = 0.002, 11% vs. 0%), respectively, while all the eight perinatal mortality recorded were in the study group. Conclusion: Preeclampsia/eclampsia is associated with abnormal gross and microscopic placental changes which predisposes to increased adverse perinatal outcome. Antenatal surveillance for preeclampsia/eclampsia should prioritize Doppler studies to characterize the placenta and appropriately plan the delivery.
{"title":"Placental changes and perinatal outcomes among women with preeclampsia/eclampsia and normotensive women: A comparative study","authors":"A. Olarinoye, O. Folaranmi, B. Olagbaye, J. Olarinoye, K. Adesina, A. Adeniran","doi":"10.4103/liuj.liuj_57_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/liuj.liuj_57_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study objective was to evaluate placental changes and the perinatal outcomes among women with preeclampsia/eclampsia and compare to normotensive pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This was a comparative (prospective) study, participants were 146 pregnant women; 73 preeclamptic/eclamptic (study group) and 73 normotensive (control group) at 28–40-week gestation selected by purposive sampling. The primary outcome measure was the placenta characteristics, while the secondary outcome was the perinatal outcomes. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0, and statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean placental weight for study group was significantly lower than controls (556.82 g ± 169.72 vs. 649.93 g ± 116.38; P ≤ 0.001); 12 (16%) placentae in the study group had gross placental infarction compared to none (0%) among controls. Study group placentae showed 11 types of microscopic placental changes compared to four among controls. Decidual vasculopathy (P = 0.049), incomplete vascular modeling (P = 0.019), accelerated villi maturity (P = 0.049), acute chorioamnionitis (P = 0.048), and microcalcifications (P = 0.040) were significantly associated with low APGAR scores in the study group. The 1st and 5th min APGAR scores were lower in the study group (P ≤ 0.001, 49.3% vs. 8.2%) and (P = 0.002, 11% vs. 0%), respectively, while all the eight perinatal mortality recorded were in the study group. Conclusion: Preeclampsia/eclampsia is associated with abnormal gross and microscopic placental changes which predisposes to increased adverse perinatal outcome. Antenatal surveillance for preeclampsia/eclampsia should prioritize Doppler studies to characterize the placenta and appropriately plan the delivery.","PeriodicalId":18106,"journal":{"name":"Libyan International Medical University Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"41 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74982481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes mellitus is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications. Diabetic neuropathy is the most common long-term complication of diabetes. The study was aimed at determining the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and identifying its associated factors. Medical databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journal Online, and SCOPUS were searched and eligible studies were selected using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses algorithm. The prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Nigeria was dependent on the modality used in diagnosing peripheral neuropathy. The overall prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Nigeria was 31.2%–97.5%. The modality-dependent prevalences were 37%–97.5% (by biothesiometry), 41.7%–75% (by Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument), 31.2%–43.3% (by United Kingdom screening test), and 43.3%–69.9% (by diabetic neuropathic examination score). The associated factors were duration and control of diabetes, the age of the patient, presence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia and other microvascular complications (e.g., diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy). The prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was found to be high in Nigeria and the associated risk factors were age, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk factors.
{"title":"Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review of Nigerian patients","authors":"T. Azeez, E. Eguzozie, Oladotun V. Olalusi","doi":"10.4103/liuj.liuj_62_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/liuj.liuj_62_21","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications. Diabetic neuropathy is the most common long-term complication of diabetes. The study was aimed at determining the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and identifying its associated factors. Medical databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journal Online, and SCOPUS were searched and eligible studies were selected using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses algorithm. The prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Nigeria was dependent on the modality used in diagnosing peripheral neuropathy. The overall prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Nigeria was 31.2%–97.5%. The modality-dependent prevalences were 37%–97.5% (by biothesiometry), 41.7%–75% (by Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument), 31.2%–43.3% (by United Kingdom screening test), and 43.3%–69.9% (by diabetic neuropathic examination score). The associated factors were duration and control of diabetes, the age of the patient, presence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia and other microvascular complications (e.g., diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy). The prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was found to be high in Nigeria and the associated risk factors were age, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk factors.","PeriodicalId":18106,"journal":{"name":"Libyan International Medical University Journal","volume":"210 1","pages":"12 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91450478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews suicide terrorism and existing understandings of the psychology of suicide bomber. Suicide attacks that take place in many different parts of the world are one of the most used methods by the terrorist organizations. Suicide terrorism as a type of terrorism carried out by suicide bombers wearing bomb vests or by assembled bomb vehicles attracts a lot of attention globally. Throughout human history, some people may attempt suicide at some point in their lives, and some of these attempts end in death. Suicide is an act of self-punishment and deliberate separation from the world. In other words, suicide is a pathological behavior that a person consciously does with the aim of ending his life and ends with success. The act of killing one's own life, which a person cannot make sense of and regards as abnormal, is such a complex and painful event. In this study, terror, suicide terrorism, suicide bombing will be studied, and the psychology of the suicide bomber will be examined.
{"title":"Suicide terrorism and psychology of suicide bomber","authors":"M. Ogun","doi":"10.4103/liuj.liuj_47_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/liuj.liuj_47_20","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews suicide terrorism and existing understandings of the psychology of suicide bomber. Suicide attacks that take place in many different parts of the world are one of the most used methods by the terrorist organizations. Suicide terrorism as a type of terrorism carried out by suicide bombers wearing bomb vests or by assembled bomb vehicles attracts a lot of attention globally. Throughout human history, some people may attempt suicide at some point in their lives, and some of these attempts end in death. Suicide is an act of self-punishment and deliberate separation from the world. In other words, suicide is a pathological behavior that a person consciously does with the aim of ending his life and ends with success. The act of killing one's own life, which a person cannot make sense of and regards as abnormal, is such a complex and painful event. In this study, terror, suicide terrorism, suicide bombing will be studied, and the psychology of the suicide bomber will be examined.","PeriodicalId":18106,"journal":{"name":"Libyan International Medical University Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"6 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78743500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The period of medical training is a long one and it is quite crucial for a medical student to document their learning, substantiate the same with evidence, and record personal reflections to make it a long-term learning. Portfolios have been identified as a tool for learning as it envisages the value of student-centered learning, gives importance to what a learner can accomplish, and can be used as a tool for both learning and assessment. As the primary objective of the portfolio is a reflection on learning, it plays a significant role to ensure professional growth and development. In conclusion, advocating the use of a portfolio among medical students is the foundation stone for lifelong learning and ensures continuous professional development. It is the need of the hour that all the medical colleges should implement the maintenance of the portfolio within their settings based on a framework that clearly defines the purpose for the same and its periodical assessment.
{"title":"Portfolios in medical education: A tool for learning and assessment of medical students","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/liuj.liuj_46_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/liuj.liuj_46_20","url":null,"abstract":"The period of medical training is a long one and it is quite crucial for a medical student to document their learning, substantiate the same with evidence, and record personal reflections to make it a long-term learning. Portfolios have been identified as a tool for learning as it envisages the value of student-centered learning, gives importance to what a learner can accomplish, and can be used as a tool for both learning and assessment. As the primary objective of the portfolio is a reflection on learning, it plays a significant role to ensure professional growth and development. In conclusion, advocating the use of a portfolio among medical students is the foundation stone for lifelong learning and ensures continuous professional development. It is the need of the hour that all the medical colleges should implement the maintenance of the portfolio within their settings based on a framework that clearly defines the purpose for the same and its periodical assessment.","PeriodicalId":18106,"journal":{"name":"Libyan International Medical University Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"51 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84621401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Libya, COVID-19, health diplomacy, and COVAX","authors":"R. Eloakley, H. E. El Saeh","doi":"10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_55_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_55_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18106,"journal":{"name":"Libyan International Medical University Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74952272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2519-139x.295916
Hamdi Nawfal, Ahmad Alhamid, Abd Al-Hamid Abd Al-Jawad, Abdurrahman Waez, Razan Hallak, Sherine Shammou, Somayya Tabsho, Muhammad Mazketly, M. Sa′adi, A. Sakur
Background: The association between maternal serum copper levels and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is debated. Aims: This study aims to study the relationship between maternal serum copper levels and the incidence of PROM and to determine risk factors of PROM in Aleppo University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Settings and Design: Sixty pregnant women were subjected for this study. Materials and Methods: Pregnant women were subjected for analyzing serum copper concentrations. Maternal serum copper levels were measured by atomic absorption spectroscope. Statistical Analysis: By SPSS (version 22.0). Results: A significant correlation was found between maternal serum copper levels and the incidence of PROM. The relationship presents when copper level is considered as a categorical variable, as mothers with copper deficiency were significantly more vulnerable for PROM (Odds ratios = 0.15, confidence intervals: 0.04–0.61, P = 0.002). Furthermore, the relationship presents when copper level is considered as a numerical variable, as mothers with lower serum copper levels were at significantly higher risk to develop PROM. Difference in means between the two groups was 40.87 μg/dL with CI (14.98–66.75) μg/dL (P = 0.003). Conclusion: Within its limitations, this study suggests a significant relationship between maternal serum copper levels and PROM.
{"title":"Correlation between maternal copper deficiency and premature rupture of membranes: A case–Control study","authors":"Hamdi Nawfal, Ahmad Alhamid, Abd Al-Hamid Abd Al-Jawad, Abdurrahman Waez, Razan Hallak, Sherine Shammou, Somayya Tabsho, Muhammad Mazketly, M. Sa′adi, A. Sakur","doi":"10.4103/2519-139x.295916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2519-139x.295916","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The association between maternal serum copper levels and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is debated. Aims: This study aims to study the relationship between maternal serum copper levels and the incidence of PROM and to determine risk factors of PROM in Aleppo University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Settings and Design: Sixty pregnant women were subjected for this study. Materials and Methods: Pregnant women were subjected for analyzing serum copper concentrations. Maternal serum copper levels were measured by atomic absorption spectroscope. Statistical Analysis: By SPSS (version 22.0). Results: A significant correlation was found between maternal serum copper levels and the incidence of PROM. The relationship presents when copper level is considered as a categorical variable, as mothers with copper deficiency were significantly more vulnerable for PROM (Odds ratios = 0.15, confidence intervals: 0.04–0.61, P = 0.002). Furthermore, the relationship presents when copper level is considered as a numerical variable, as mothers with lower serum copper levels were at significantly higher risk to develop PROM. Difference in means between the two groups was 40.87 μg/dL with CI (14.98–66.75) μg/dL (P = 0.003). Conclusion: Within its limitations, this study suggests a significant relationship between maternal serum copper levels and PROM.","PeriodicalId":18106,"journal":{"name":"Libyan International Medical University Journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"32 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80855212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Negia Emtawel Mohamed, E. Gassar, S. Abdulla, M. Elfakhri, Ayyub A Patel, S. Haider
Background: Exposure to vanadium exhibits deleterious neurotoxicity. Doxycycline is a potential antioxidant that prevents the progression of disease through inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Objectives: This research investigates the neuroprotective effects of doxycycline, in different rat brain areas in an animal model intoxicated with vanadium. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into the following four groups: control group, doxycycline-treated group, vanadium-treated group, and concomitant doses of doxycycline plus vanadium-treated group, all given orally for 10 consecutive days. The animals were watched daily for any signs of neurological defects. They were sacrificed by decapitation 24 h after the last dose. Brain was removed rapidly and dissected into cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem. Biochemical studies including the concentrations of phospholipids, cholesterol, cerebrosides, glutathione (GSH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, gangliosides, ascorbic acid, calcium, and lipid peroxidation levels were determined. Results: The results revealed that vanadium produced significant reduction in body and absolute brain weight, with neurological function deficits. Vanadium significantly decreased the concentrations of phospholipids, cholesterol, cerebrosides, and GSH and inhibited AChE activity together with significant increase in gangliosides, ascorbic acid, calcium, and lipid peroxidation levels compared to saline controls. Animals which were given the combined treatment of vanadium and doxycycline regained weight and became normal. Moreover, doxycycline reversed the effect of vanadium on the metabolic variables and inhibited lipid peroxidation nearing to normal levels to that of saline controls. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the antioxidant or chelating action of doxycycline against vanadium neurotoxicity and its therapeutic potential to avert neurodegenerative changes in different rat brain areas.
{"title":"Doxycycline: An antibiotic with brain protective function in vanadium-intoxicated rats","authors":"Negia Emtawel Mohamed, E. Gassar, S. Abdulla, M. Elfakhri, Ayyub A Patel, S. Haider","doi":"10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_29_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_29_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Exposure to vanadium exhibits deleterious neurotoxicity. Doxycycline is a potential antioxidant that prevents the progression of disease through inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Objectives: This research investigates the neuroprotective effects of doxycycline, in different rat brain areas in an animal model intoxicated with vanadium. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into the following four groups: control group, doxycycline-treated group, vanadium-treated group, and concomitant doses of doxycycline plus vanadium-treated group, all given orally for 10 consecutive days. The animals were watched daily for any signs of neurological defects. They were sacrificed by decapitation 24 h after the last dose. Brain was removed rapidly and dissected into cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem. Biochemical studies including the concentrations of phospholipids, cholesterol, cerebrosides, glutathione (GSH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, gangliosides, ascorbic acid, calcium, and lipid peroxidation levels were determined. Results: The results revealed that vanadium produced significant reduction in body and absolute brain weight, with neurological function deficits. Vanadium significantly decreased the concentrations of phospholipids, cholesterol, cerebrosides, and GSH and inhibited AChE activity together with significant increase in gangliosides, ascorbic acid, calcium, and lipid peroxidation levels compared to saline controls. Animals which were given the combined treatment of vanadium and doxycycline regained weight and became normal. Moreover, doxycycline reversed the effect of vanadium on the metabolic variables and inhibited lipid peroxidation nearing to normal levels to that of saline controls. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the antioxidant or chelating action of doxycycline against vanadium neurotoxicity and its therapeutic potential to avert neurodegenerative changes in different rat brain areas.","PeriodicalId":18106,"journal":{"name":"Libyan International Medical University Journal","volume":"89 1","pages":"37 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75257590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Intracranial calcification (ICC) is frequently seen in noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) in both adult and pediatric populations. Aim: We performed this study in order to illustrate and provide data regarding the CT pattern of ICC among adult patients. Setting and Design: This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent nonenhanced CT of the brain in the radiology center in Benghazi, Libya. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent NCCT of the head at a radiology center in Benghazi, Libya, from the period of May to December 2017. NCCT scan head was performed with a standardized protocol, using axial and bone window images as well as Hounsfield unit measurement for final evaluation. CT aspects of ICCs were illustrated. Data were expressed as median and ranges (numerical) or as number and percentage (categorical). Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-test was used for comparison between unpaired groups. Results: We determined ICC in 159 patients, of which 88 (55%) were male. The median age was 66 (19–95) years. The most common site of ICC is pineal body representing 138 (86.8%), followed by choroid plexus, 136 (85.5%), falx cerebri 31 (19.5%), and basal ganglia 18 (11%). Calcification of the middle cerebral artery was seen in two patients only. Conclusions: We determined the frequency of different intracerebral calcifications in adult patients which provide new data in our setting that can be utilized in clinical use. This finding is similar to that reported in other studies.
{"title":"Computed tomographic pattern of intracerebral calcifications in a radiology center in Benghazi, Libya","authors":"Anas Daghman, A. Bennour","doi":"10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_30_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_30_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intracranial calcification (ICC) is frequently seen in noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) in both adult and pediatric populations. Aim: We performed this study in order to illustrate and provide data regarding the CT pattern of ICC among adult patients. Setting and Design: This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent nonenhanced CT of the brain in the radiology center in Benghazi, Libya. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent NCCT of the head at a radiology center in Benghazi, Libya, from the period of May to December 2017. NCCT scan head was performed with a standardized protocol, using axial and bone window images as well as Hounsfield unit measurement for final evaluation. CT aspects of ICCs were illustrated. Data were expressed as median and ranges (numerical) or as number and percentage (categorical). Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-test was used for comparison between unpaired groups. Results: We determined ICC in 159 patients, of which 88 (55%) were male. The median age was 66 (19–95) years. The most common site of ICC is pineal body representing 138 (86.8%), followed by choroid plexus, 136 (85.5%), falx cerebri 31 (19.5%), and basal ganglia 18 (11%). Calcification of the middle cerebral artery was seen in two patients only. Conclusions: We determined the frequency of different intracerebral calcifications in adult patients which provide new data in our setting that can be utilized in clinical use. This finding is similar to that reported in other studies.","PeriodicalId":18106,"journal":{"name":"Libyan International Medical University Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"59 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84533237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Banigesh, Vijitha K. Senanayake, S. Bukhatwa, B. Juurlink
Background: Hypertension is defined as a failure to achieve a blood pressure (BP) target – smaller than 140/90 mmHg. The worldwide burden of hypertension has been associated with globally increased rates of death and disability. There is increasing evidence of strong relation between hypertension and oxidative stress, where either increased oxidative stress or depressed antioxidant level may lead to hypertension. Using stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) rats, previous studies in our laboratory have shown that broccoli sprouts (high in sulforaphane, a phase-2 protein inducer) attenuate BP and inflammation. Objectives: The question this study addressed was whether sulforaphane (a potent phase-2 protein inducer) can attenuate hypertension in the experimental model using the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp). Materials and Methods: Sulforaphane (LKT Laboratories) or vehicle was orally gavaged to SHRsp or Sprague–Dawley rats (SD) daily for 15 weeks. The body weight and BP were determined weekly, using a standard tail-cuff BP measurement. Tissues such as hearts and kidneys were collected, weighed, and stored under −80°C for further analysis. Results: When compared to BP in SHRsp control rats (179.9 ± 4.32), sulforaphane significantly reduced BP to 157 ± 5.21 (10 μmol/kg body weight), 136.57 ± 1.96 (20 μmol/kg body weight), and 129.33 ± 6.10 (5 μmol/kg body weight), respectively, in SHRsp rats. Conclusion: Administration of sulforaphane, a potent phase-2 enzyme inducer, daily for more than 3 months, significantly improves BP in SHRsp rats, but it did not have any effects on normotensive rats – SD.
{"title":"Sulforaphane in experimental hypertension","authors":"A. Banigesh, Vijitha K. Senanayake, S. Bukhatwa, B. Juurlink","doi":"10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_6_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_6_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension is defined as a failure to achieve a blood pressure (BP) target – smaller than 140/90 mmHg. The worldwide burden of hypertension has been associated with globally increased rates of death and disability. There is increasing evidence of strong relation between hypertension and oxidative stress, where either increased oxidative stress or depressed antioxidant level may lead to hypertension. Using stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) rats, previous studies in our laboratory have shown that broccoli sprouts (high in sulforaphane, a phase-2 protein inducer) attenuate BP and inflammation. Objectives: The question this study addressed was whether sulforaphane (a potent phase-2 protein inducer) can attenuate hypertension in the experimental model using the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp). Materials and Methods: Sulforaphane (LKT Laboratories) or vehicle was orally gavaged to SHRsp or Sprague–Dawley rats (SD) daily for 15 weeks. The body weight and BP were determined weekly, using a standard tail-cuff BP measurement. Tissues such as hearts and kidneys were collected, weighed, and stored under −80°C for further analysis. Results: When compared to BP in SHRsp control rats (179.9 ± 4.32), sulforaphane significantly reduced BP to 157 ± 5.21 (10 μmol/kg body weight), 136.57 ± 1.96 (20 μmol/kg body weight), and 129.33 ± 6.10 (5 μmol/kg body weight), respectively, in SHRsp rats. Conclusion: Administration of sulforaphane, a potent phase-2 enzyme inducer, daily for more than 3 months, significantly improves BP in SHRsp rats, but it did not have any effects on normotensive rats – SD.","PeriodicalId":18106,"journal":{"name":"Libyan International Medical University Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"27 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74320570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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