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Histopathologic changes in aborted placenta 流产胎盘的组织病理学改变
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/2519-139x.295915
A. Ashour, Nabeia Gheryani, T. Meidan
Introduction: Histopathological examination of the placenta with clinical implications helps to make the diagnosis and deduce the cause of abortion, fetal mortality, morbidity, and pregnancy complications. Aim: This study aims to determine the frequencies and types of abnormalities of the chorionic villi in the aborted placentae.Materials and Methods: All specimens of products of conception submitted to a private histopathology laboratory in Benghazi during the period (from January 01, 2016 to December 31, 2018) were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and histopathology reviewed using hematoxylin and eosin stain under light microscopy. The data collected and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: The study involved 92 specimens, of which 86 were abnormal and the pathological changes include partial mole (48%), hydropic changes (19%), increased vascularity (chorioangiosis) (13%), fibrosis (10%), numerous Hofbauer macrophages (8%), and abnormal premature calcification (2%). The rest of the specimens (6.5%) were normal placentae. Most of the cases of partial mole (73%) were at the age group of ≥30 years, and cases of abnormal premature calcification were at the age of >40 years. Conclusion: The histopathologic examination is an important tool for diagnosing the placental abnormalities. Most cases of abortion have abnormalities in chorionic villi; the most common abnormality is the partial mole, followed by hydropic change, then increased vascularity (chorioangiosis), fibrosis, and numerous Hofbauer macrophages. Abnormal premature calcification is the least finding. Partial mole occurs at an older age group of ≥30 years.
胎盘组织病理学检查具有临床意义,有助于诊断和推断流产、胎儿死亡率、发病率和妊娠并发症的原因。目的:本研究旨在确定流产胎盘中绒毛膜绒毛异常的频率和类型。材料与方法:2016年1月1日至2018年12月31日期间,所有提交给班加西私人组织病理学实验室的妊娠产品标本均采用福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋,光镜下苏木精和伊红染色进行组织病理学检查。数据收集和统计分析使用SPSS版本22。结果:92例标本中异常86例,病理改变包括部分痣(48%)、积水改变(19%)、血管增生(绒毛膜血管病)(13%)、纤维化(10%)、大量Hofbauer巨噬细胞(8%)、异常早钙化(2%)。其余标本(6.5%)为正常胎盘。大部分部分痣(73%)发生在≥30岁年龄组,异常早钙化发生在>40岁年龄组。结论:组织病理学检查是诊断胎盘异常的重要手段。大多数流产病例有绒毛膜绒毛异常;最常见的异常是局部痣,其次是积水改变,然后是血管增生(绒毛膜血管病)、纤维化和大量霍夫鲍尔巨噬细胞。异常过早钙化是最少见的。部分痣发生在≥30岁的老年人。
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引用次数: 1
Associations between anisometropia and depth of amblyopia in Benghazi, Libya 利比亚班加西地区屈光参差与弱视深度的关系
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_8_20
Sabah S Eldressi, Mariam B. Gebril
Background: Amblyopia is a disorder characterized by a decrease in the best-corrected visual acuity in one or both eyes with no clear structural anomalies or ocular pathology. There are three primary types of amblyopia: anisometropic, strabismic, and sensory deprivation amblyopia. Anisometropic amblyopia occurs in children having a difference in refractive error between the two eyes and occurs in the more ametropic eye. Furthermore, there is a strong association of anisometropia with strabismus. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the association between age, sex, laterality, and type of refractive error on the depth of anisometropic amblyopia. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective (observational) study. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23.0 software. Materials and Methods: One hundred and nine patient's files with anisometropic amblyopia were investigated, who were followed in a pediatric eye clinic in Sohail Elatrash's eye hospital Benghazi, Libya, between January 2008 and December 2018. Results: There is no effect of the type of gender on the depth amblyopia with P = 0.57. Furthermore, there is no difference in the predominance of amblyopia between the right and left eye (P = 0.93). Age is correlated in a positive manner with the depth of amblyopia (P = 0.035). Conclusions: in our study, eye laterality and gender had no effect on the depth of anisometropic amblyopia. The age and the smallest amount of astigmatism difference between both eyes had a direct proportion on the depth of anisometropic amblyopia.
背景:弱视是一种以单眼或双眼最佳矫正视力下降为特征的疾病,无明显的结构异常或眼部病理。弱视主要有三种类型:屈光参差、斜视和感觉剥夺性弱视。屈光参差性弱视发生在两眼屈光不正不同的儿童中,发生在屈光不正程度较高的眼睛中。此外,屈光参差与斜视有很强的相关性。目的:探讨年龄、性别、侧视、屈光不正类型与屈光参差性弱视深度的关系。背景和设计:这是一项回顾性(观察性)研究。数据分析采用IBM SPSS 23.0软件。材料与方法:对2008年1月至2018年12月期间在利比亚班加西Sohail Elatrash眼科医院儿科眼科诊所就诊的109例屈光参差性弱视患者的档案进行了调查。结果:性别类型对深度弱视无影响,P = 0.57。此外,左眼和右眼弱视的优势没有差异(P = 0.93)。年龄与弱视深度呈正相关(P = 0.035)。结论:在本研究中,眼侧度和性别对屈光参差性弱视深度无影响。年龄和双眼最小散光差与屈光参差性弱视深度成正比关系。
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引用次数: 0
Organizing online faculty development programs to strengthen medical education in India: Need of the hour 组织在线教师发展计划以加强印度的医学教育:时势需要
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/liuj.liuj_44_20
S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava
There is an immense need to improve the skills of curricula delivery by training medical teachers. There arises the need to periodically train teachers through faculty development programs (FDPs). In fact, FDPs in the field of medical education have been acknowledged as an important component for the acquisition of skills for new faculty, for refinement of skills, and for better delivery of the medical curriculum. The implementation of online FDPs is a better option for improving the skills of medical teachers. These programs expose faculty to the domain of e-learning, which in itself is an important domain in medical education. However, the existing challenges in the smooth conduction of online FDPs cannot be ignored, and we have to support the staff in the smooth organization of these much-needed courses. In conclusion, online FDPs have the potential to enhance the skills and transform the effectiveness of medical teachers in their teaching–learning sessions and in their professional careers. Amidst the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it has become the need of the hour to conduct a series of online FDPs and empower faculty members in the domains of teaching–learning, assessment, research, curriculum planning, and evaluation.
迫切需要通过培训医学教师来提高教学技能。有必要通过教师发展计划(fdp)定期培训教师。事实上,医学教育领域的家庭实习被认为是为新教员获得技能、改进技能和更好地提供医学课程的一个重要组成部分。实施在线fdp是提高医学教师技能的更好选择。这些项目使教师接触到电子学习领域,这本身就是医学教育的一个重要领域。然而,在线fdp顺利开展所面临的挑战不容忽视,我们必须支持工作人员顺利组织这些急需的课程。总而言之,在线家庭教师培训有可能提高医学教师在教学环节和职业生涯中的技能并改变其效率。在持续的2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间,开展一系列在线fdp并在教学、评估、研究、课程规划和评估领域赋予教职员工权力已成为当务之急。
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引用次数: 1
COVID-19 pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa: Addressing possible sociocultural factors that can prolong the pandemic 撒哈拉以南非洲的COVID-19大流行:应对可能延长大流行的社会文化因素
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_35_20
O. Ogundele
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引用次数: 0
Corona virus disease 2019 pandemic: Addressing the needs of refugees and migrants in the european region 2019年冠状病毒病大流行:解决欧洲区域难民和移民的需求
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_9_20
S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava
The Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has influenced the lives of millions of people across the world and forced all the public health authorities to divert their attention towards the disease. The refugees and migrants have been recognized as vulnerable population groups and it is a must that in general, we should try to meet the needs of these population groups in this ongoing pandemic. Considering the practical concerns pertaining to the difficulty in accessing health care or residing in overcrowded settings or poor water supply, it makes them extremely vulnerable to COVID-19 infection, as all these factors play an important role in enhancing the transmission of the disease. The need of the hour is to prevent the possibility of stigma and discrimination and ensure that reliable and timely information is passed to them through trustworthy resources. Further, all steps should be taken to inform them about the need to maintain social distancing, use of personal protective equipment and strict adherence to the infection prevention and control recommendations. In conclusion, in the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic, the refugees and migrants deserve equal priority and attention like that of the general population. However, considering their vulnerability to acquire the infection due to varying environmental and social attributes, it becomes crucial to facilitate early detection and isolation of the cases and thereby interrupt the chain of transmission and thus reduce the overall caseload.
2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行影响了全世界数百万人的生活,并迫使所有公共卫生当局将注意力转移到该疾病上。难民和移徙者已被认为是脆弱的人口群体,总的来说,我们必须努力满足这些人口群体在这一持续大流行病中的需求。考虑到难以获得医疗保健或居住在过度拥挤的环境或供水不良等实际问题,这使他们极易感染COVID-19,因为所有这些因素都在加强疾病传播方面发挥了重要作用。当务之急是防止污名化和歧视的可能性,并确保通过可信赖的资源向她们传递可靠和及时的信息。此外,应采取一切措施,使他们了解保持社交距离、使用个人防护装备和严格遵守感染预防和控制建议的必要性。总之,在抗击新冠肺炎疫情的斗争中,难民和移民应得到与普通民众同等的重视和关注。然而,考虑到他们由于不同的环境和社会属性而容易受到感染,促进早期发现和隔离病例,从而中断传播链,从而减少总体病例量变得至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Contraceptive use of HIV-positive women attending an HIV treatment center in Osogbo, Nigeria 尼日利亚奥索博艾滋病毒治疗中心艾滋病毒阳性妇女的避孕药具使用情况
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_21_19
S. olowookere, A. Ajayi, A. Idowu, A. Ajayi, B. Afolabi
Background: Access to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) enables HIV-positive women to live longer in good health. Some of these women are sexually active having unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions because of not using contraceptives. Objective: This study assessed pattern of contraceptive use by HIV-positive women of reproductive age group attending an HIV treatment center at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 400 HIV-positive women that completed an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire on awareness and use of contraceptives. Data collected were analyzed with SPSS version 17. Results: Majority, 217 (54.3%), had been pregnant since enrollment with 120 (55.3%) having an induced abortion. Majority, 378 (94.5%), were aware of contraception with health workers as the source of awareness being 204 (54%). Although 313 (82.8%) desire to use a contraceptive, 281 (74.3%) currently used a contraceptive with male condom, 130 (34.4%), being the most common type used. Selected factors significantly associated with contraceptive use included age 35 years and above (odds ratio [OR] =2.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–5.63, P = 0.018), higher education (OR = 4.48, 95% CI = 2.80–7.16, P = 0.0001), being unmarried (OR = 4.34, 95% CI = 2.74–6.88, P = 0.0001), skilled worker (OR = 4.64, 95% CI = 2.76–7.81, P = 0.0001), higher income (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.20–3.82, P = 0.01), and increasing duration on highly active ART 6–12 months (OR = 8.88, 95% CI = 4.50–17.50, P = 0.0001) and >12 months (OR = 4.37, 95% CI = 2.27–8.43, P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Some sexually active HIV-positive women were not using contraceptives. It is necessary to increase contraceptive awareness and use among this vulnerable population.
背景:获得抗逆转录病毒联合治疗(ART)可使艾滋病毒阳性妇女健康地活得更长。其中一些性活跃的妇女由于不使用避孕药具而意外怀孕和不安全堕胎。目的:本研究评估在尼日利亚奥索博拉多克阿金托拉科技大学教学医院艾滋病毒治疗中心的艾滋病毒阳性育龄妇女使用避孕药具的模式。材料和方法:对400名艾滋病毒阳性妇女进行描述性横断面研究,这些妇女完成了一份由访谈者管理的关于避孕药具的认识和使用的半结构化问卷。收集的数据用SPSS version 17进行分析。结果:入组以来怀孕217例(54.3%),人工流产120例(55.3%)。大多数,378人(94.5%)知道避孕,卫生工作者是204人(54%)知道避孕的来源。虽然313人(82.8%)希望使用避孕措施,但281人(74.3%)目前使用的是男用避孕套,其中130人(34.4%)是最常用的避孕措施。选择避孕使用显著相关的因素包括35岁及以上(比值比(或)= 2.58,95%可信区间[CI] = 1.18 - -5.63, P = 0.018),高等教育(或= 4.48,95% CI = 2.80 - -7.16, P = 0.0001),是未婚(或= 4.34,95% CI = 2.74 - -6.88, P = 0.0001),熟练工人(或= 4.64,95% CI = 2.76 - -7.81, P = 0.0001),高收入(或= 2.15,95% CI = 1.20 - -3.82, P = 0.01),并增加高度活跃的艺术持续时间6 - 12个月(或= 8.88,95% CI = 4.50-17.50, P = 0.0001)和bb0 12个月(OR = 4.37, 95% CI = 2.27-8.43, P = 0.0001)。结论:部分性活跃的hiv阳性妇女未采取避孕措施。有必要提高这一弱势群体的避孕意识和使用。
{"title":"Contraceptive use of HIV-positive women attending an HIV treatment center in Osogbo, Nigeria","authors":"S. olowookere, A. Ajayi, A. Idowu, A. Ajayi, B. Afolabi","doi":"10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_21_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_21_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Access to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) enables HIV-positive women to live longer in good health. Some of these women are sexually active having unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions because of not using contraceptives. Objective: This study assessed pattern of contraceptive use by HIV-positive women of reproductive age group attending an HIV treatment center at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 400 HIV-positive women that completed an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire on awareness and use of contraceptives. Data collected were analyzed with SPSS version 17. Results: Majority, 217 (54.3%), had been pregnant since enrollment with 120 (55.3%) having an induced abortion. Majority, 378 (94.5%), were aware of contraception with health workers as the source of awareness being 204 (54%). Although 313 (82.8%) desire to use a contraceptive, 281 (74.3%) currently used a contraceptive with male condom, 130 (34.4%), being the most common type used. Selected factors significantly associated with contraceptive use included age 35 years and above (odds ratio [OR] =2.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–5.63, P = 0.018), higher education (OR = 4.48, 95% CI = 2.80–7.16, P = 0.0001), being unmarried (OR = 4.34, 95% CI = 2.74–6.88, P = 0.0001), skilled worker (OR = 4.64, 95% CI = 2.76–7.81, P = 0.0001), higher income (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.20–3.82, P = 0.01), and increasing duration on highly active ART 6–12 months (OR = 8.88, 95% CI = 4.50–17.50, P = 0.0001) and >12 months (OR = 4.37, 95% CI = 2.27–8.43, P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Some sexually active HIV-positive women were not using contraceptives. It is necessary to increase contraceptive awareness and use among this vulnerable population.","PeriodicalId":18106,"journal":{"name":"Libyan International Medical University Journal","volume":"139 1","pages":"8 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76429938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incarcerated and strangulated inguinal hernias in children: A 10-year retrospective analysis 儿童嵌顿性和绞窄性腹股沟疝:10年回顾性分析
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_10_20
A. Talabi, O. Sowande, A. Tanimola, C. Adumah, O. Adejuyigbe
Background: In pediatric inguinal hernia, the most feared complication is incarceration, which can lead to catastrophic consequences if not resolved expeditiously. Aims: This study assessed the usefulness of manual reduction of complicated inguinal hernia in children. Settings and Design: This study was designed to study the age at presentation, gestation age at birth, duration of symptoms, success rate of manual reduction of incarcerated inguinal hernia, subsequent treatment, operative findings, and outcome of strangulated cases in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study involving 56 children under 15 years of age with a diagnosis of complicated inguinal hernia managed between January 2009 and December 2018 at a tertiary care hospital in Nigeria. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, management, and outcome were retrieved. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 (IBM Corp., NY, USA). The results were presented as frequencies and percentages. Categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results: The age of patients ranged between 8 days and 14 years, with a median of 2 months; 79% were infants. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 27:1, and the rate of incarceration was 5.0%. Majority (89.3%) had no previous hospital visits. Those who had successful manual reduction was 80%. Time of presentation was a statistically significant factor for successful reduction, P < 0.05. One patient experienced en masse reduction, and there was no mortality. Conclusion: Majority of those with incarcerated inguinal hernias were infants, and manual reduction was associated with early presentation.
背景:在小儿腹股沟疝中,最可怕的并发症是嵌顿,如果不及时解决,可能导致灾难性的后果。目的:本研究评估儿童复杂性腹股沟疝手工复位的有效性。背景和设计:本研究旨在研究儿童绞窄病例的发病年龄、出生时胎龄、症状持续时间、手工复位嵌顿腹股沟疝的成功率、后续治疗、手术结果和结局。材料和方法:这是一项回顾性研究,涉及尼日利亚一家三级医院2009年1月至2018年12月期间诊断为复杂腹股沟疝的56名15岁以下儿童。检索人口统计学特征、临床表现、管理和结果。数据分析使用SPSS软件版本22 (IBM Corp., NY, USA)。结果以频率和百分比表示。分类变量分析采用卡方检验。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:患者年龄在8天到14岁之间,中位为2个月;79%是婴儿。男性与女性的比例为27:1,监禁率为5.0%。大多数(89.3%)以前没有去过医院。手工复位的成功率为80%。就诊时间是成功复位的重要因素,P < 0.05。一名患者经历了整体的减少,没有死亡。结论:嵌顿腹股沟疝多数为婴儿,手工复位与早期表现有关。
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引用次数: 0
University-wide implementation of problem-based learning 在大学范围内实施基于问题的学习
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_13_20
Adel Ahmaida Altawaty, Mohammed Ambarek
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a few decades-old innovative educational strategy that is spreading throughout the academic world. The Libyan International Medical University decided to adopt this strategy and to change from its traditional system shortly after its establishment in the year 2007. This case study aimed to outline the reasons for considering the change, the obstacles, and the strategies adopted throughout the university to effect the change at the student, faculty, curriculum, physical environment, and organization levels and also to compare this experience with that of other universities. significant implementation of PBL was accomplished using a combination of three types of change strategies: rational, normative re-educative, and coercive. It was also shown that this experience of implementation of PBL is quite similar to that of other universities and colleges. It was concluded from this case study that a combination of change strategies was productive in bringing up the change, and that the strategies adopted as well as the obstacles faced are similar to those reported by other universities.
基于问题的学习(PBL)是一种有几十年历史的创新教育策略,正在整个学术界传播。利比亚国际医科大学在2007年成立后不久就决定采用这一战略并改变其传统制度。本案例研究旨在概述考虑变化的原因,障碍,以及整个大学在学生,教师,课程,物理环境和组织层面采取的策略,并将此经验与其他大学进行比较。PBL的重要实施是通过三种类型的变革策略的组合来完成的:理性的、规范的、再教育的和强制的。研究还表明,我校实施PBL的经验与其他高校非常相似。从这个案例研究中得出的结论是,结合变革策略在推动变革方面是富有成效的,并且所采用的策略以及所面临的障碍与其他大学的报告相似。
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引用次数: 0
Treatment of anterior dental crossbite in adult Libyan patient 利比亚成人患者前牙交叉咬合的治疗
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_1_20
Fatma Elsheikhi
Objective: Anterior crossbite presents when one or more of the upper incisors occlude lingual to lower incisors. Several techniques were used to correct anterior crossbite. The aim of this article was to present the treatment of anterior crossbite under skeletal Class I relationship using multilooped archwire. Methods: A 24-year-old female has a complaint of anterior crossbite. She has concave profile, all her teeth present except the maxillary canines, 4 mm reverse overjet, 4 mm crowding in the lower anterior and 25% overbite. The treatment was started in the lower arch by the extraction of the lower first premolars. Different arch sequences of nickel–titanium alloys, followed by different sequences of stainless steel archwires were used. Results: The correction of crossbite was achieved successfully within 18 months. Normal overjet and overbite and orthognathic profile were accomplished. Conclusion: The treatment of anterior crossbite was achieved using retraction multilooping arch to achieve normal overjet and overbite.
目的:当一个或多个上门牙咬合舌下门牙时,出现前交叉牙合。采用几种技术矫正前牙合。本文的目的是介绍使用多环弓丝治疗I类关系下的前牙合。方法:一名24岁女性,主诉前牙合。她的牙齿轮廓凹,除上颌犬齿外所有牙齿都存在,4毫米的反向覆盖,4毫米的下前牙拥挤,25%的覆盖。治疗从下牙弓开始,拔除下第一前磨牙。采用不同顺序的镍钛合金和不同顺序的不锈钢弧线。结果:18个月矫正成功。完成了正常的上喷、上咬合和正颌剖面。结论:采用后缩多环弓治疗前牙合,可达到正常的上牙合和上牙合。
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引用次数: 0
Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and COVID-19, the Libyan prospective 氯喹、羟氯喹和COVID-19,利比亚的前景
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_11_20
A. S. Elhwuegi
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引用次数: 0
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Libyan International Medical University Journal
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