Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1358314X.2019.1625155
Takahiro Ichikawa, H. Yoshida, Shinichiro Oka, M. Funahashi, Takashi Kato
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Advanced Technology R&D Division, Japan Display Inc., Chiba, Japan; Program in Advanced Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
{"title":"The 27th international liquid crystal conference, ILCC2018 in Kyoto, Japan","authors":"Takahiro Ichikawa, H. Yoshida, Shinichiro Oka, M. Funahashi, Takashi Kato","doi":"10.1080/1358314X.2019.1625155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1358314X.2019.1625155","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Advanced Technology R&D Division, Japan Display Inc., Chiba, Japan; Program in Advanced Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","PeriodicalId":18110,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Today","volume":"28 1","pages":"15 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1358314X.2019.1625155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48940943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1358314X.2019.1625138
Haiwei Chen, Shin‐Tson Wu
ABSTRACT ‘LCD vs. OLED: who wins?’ is a heated debatable question. Each technology has its own pros and cons. We review recent advances in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) from three performance metrics: response time, contrast ratio, and viewing angle, which determine the final-perceived image quality. To enhance LCD performance, ultra-low viscosity materials, quantum dots, and new device structures have been explored, and their working mechanisms investigated. Another round of LCD innovation is around the corner.
{"title":"Advanced liquid crystal displays with supreme image qualities","authors":"Haiwei Chen, Shin‐Tson Wu","doi":"10.1080/1358314X.2019.1625138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1358314X.2019.1625138","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT ‘LCD vs. OLED: who wins?’ is a heated debatable question. Each technology has its own pros and cons. We review recent advances in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) from three performance metrics: response time, contrast ratio, and viewing angle, which determine the final-perceived image quality. To enhance LCD performance, ultra-low viscosity materials, quantum dots, and new device structures have been explored, and their working mechanisms investigated. Another round of LCD innovation is around the corner.","PeriodicalId":18110,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Today","volume":"28 1","pages":"11 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1358314X.2019.1625138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45216425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1358314X.2019.1624413
Bingru Zhang
The 46th German Liquid Crystal Conference was held from 27 to 29 March 2019 at Paderborn University. It was the third conference in this traditional series of meetings that was held in Paderborn. This year, it was chaired by Claudia Schmidt, Alexander Lorenz, Jürgen Schmidtke, and Heinz Kitzerow. Katrin Bandzius and a team of coworkers in the division of Physical Chemistry prepared the meeting. More than 80 participants from 7 different countries participated in the event (Figure 1). Twenty-one contributed oral presentations and 43 posters were given. Five invited speakers presented their latest findings in different fields of liquid crystal research. Three of them are from the very active liquid crystal community in Poland – Ewa Gόrecka (University of Warsaw), Lech Longa (Jagiellonian University, Krakόw) and Pawel Perkowski (Military University of Technology, Warsaw). One invited speaker came from America – Peter Collings (Swarthmore College, USA) – and one from France – Pawel Pieranski (Université Paris-Sud). The oral presentations of the conference were sorted into six sessions and each invited speaker led a main topic. The conference began with Pawel Perkowski talking about dielectric spectroscopy of chiral smectic phases. In the subsequent session, Peter Collings introduced his work on a special type of lyotropic liquid crystals: chromonic liquid crystals. On the second day, Lech Longa demonstrated a chiral symmetry breaking in nematics, and Pawel Pieranski explained the effects of flow and electric fields on the generation, motion and annihilation of defects in the dowser texture. On the last day, Ewa Gόrecka showed investigations on multilevel chirality of liquid crystalline structures made of achiral molecules. The topics in this conference ranged from different materials in liquid crystals to different structures. Many contributions described ionic liquid crystals, supermolecular liquid crystals induced by hydrogen bonding, complex mesophases of bolapolyphiles, lyotropic liquid crystals and gels or nanostructures made thereof and photochemical, photophysical and photovoltaic switching effects. Furthermore, new results about nanoporous metamaterials and nanocomposites containing, e.g. graphene, carbon nanocubes, graphene oxide or DNA nanostructures and elastomer actuators, muscles and microswimmers were reported. In addition, some current research about chirality, the fabrication and characterization of fibers, freely suspended films and bubbles, electroluminescence and organic electronics were also discussed. A highlight of this conference was the presentation of the Alfred Saupe Prize 2019. The name of this prize commemorates the work and life of the great liquid crystal pioneer Alfred Saupe. This year, the Saupe Medal was awarded to Professor Pawel Pieranski in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the field of physics of liquid crystals. The prize ceremony was honoured by Mrs Brigitte Saupe’s participation (Figure 2). In addi
{"title":"Conference report on the 46th German liquid crystal conference","authors":"Bingru Zhang","doi":"10.1080/1358314X.2019.1624413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1358314X.2019.1624413","url":null,"abstract":"The 46th German Liquid Crystal Conference was held from 27 to 29 March 2019 at Paderborn University. It was the third conference in this traditional series of meetings that was held in Paderborn. This year, it was chaired by Claudia Schmidt, Alexander Lorenz, Jürgen Schmidtke, and Heinz Kitzerow. Katrin Bandzius and a team of coworkers in the division of Physical Chemistry prepared the meeting. More than 80 participants from 7 different countries participated in the event (Figure 1). Twenty-one contributed oral presentations and 43 posters were given. Five invited speakers presented their latest findings in different fields of liquid crystal research. Three of them are from the very active liquid crystal community in Poland – Ewa Gόrecka (University of Warsaw), Lech Longa (Jagiellonian University, Krakόw) and Pawel Perkowski (Military University of Technology, Warsaw). One invited speaker came from America – Peter Collings (Swarthmore College, USA) – and one from France – Pawel Pieranski (Université Paris-Sud). The oral presentations of the conference were sorted into six sessions and each invited speaker led a main topic. The conference began with Pawel Perkowski talking about dielectric spectroscopy of chiral smectic phases. In the subsequent session, Peter Collings introduced his work on a special type of lyotropic liquid crystals: chromonic liquid crystals. On the second day, Lech Longa demonstrated a chiral symmetry breaking in nematics, and Pawel Pieranski explained the effects of flow and electric fields on the generation, motion and annihilation of defects in the dowser texture. On the last day, Ewa Gόrecka showed investigations on multilevel chirality of liquid crystalline structures made of achiral molecules. The topics in this conference ranged from different materials in liquid crystals to different structures. Many contributions described ionic liquid crystals, supermolecular liquid crystals induced by hydrogen bonding, complex mesophases of bolapolyphiles, lyotropic liquid crystals and gels or nanostructures made thereof and photochemical, photophysical and photovoltaic switching effects. Furthermore, new results about nanoporous metamaterials and nanocomposites containing, e.g. graphene, carbon nanocubes, graphene oxide or DNA nanostructures and elastomer actuators, muscles and microswimmers were reported. In addition, some current research about chirality, the fabrication and characterization of fibers, freely suspended films and bubbles, electroluminescence and organic electronics were also discussed. A highlight of this conference was the presentation of the Alfred Saupe Prize 2019. The name of this prize commemorates the work and life of the great liquid crystal pioneer Alfred Saupe. This year, the Saupe Medal was awarded to Professor Pawel Pieranski in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the field of physics of liquid crystals. The prize ceremony was honoured by Mrs Brigitte Saupe’s participation (Figure 2). In addi","PeriodicalId":18110,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Today","volume":"28 1","pages":"12 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1358314X.2019.1624413","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44366344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1358314X.2019.1625161
H. Kitzerow
Commemorating Alfred Saupe, an outstanding pioneer of liquid crystal research, the Alfred-Saupe-Foundation and the German Liquid Crystal Society bestow the Alfred Saupe Prize to honour outstanding work in the field of liquid crystals. On 28 March 2019, Prof. Dr Pawel Pieranski received this prize, which includes the Alfred SaupeMedal (Figure 1), in recognition of his outstanding works in the field of liquid crystal research and its application. Pawel Pieranski has worked extensively in many different areas of liquid crystal (LC) research, such as the static and dynamic behaviour of nematic LCs [1–8], chiral smectic and especially ferroelectric LCs [9–11], colloidal crystals [12– 19], cholesteric and blue phases [20–32], wetting and anchoring [33–36], application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to LCs [37–41], freely suspended LC films [42–52], shapes of single crystals [53–61], cellulose derivatives [62– 65], and various aspects of order, structure, symmetry, defects and topology in certain mesophases or special geometries [66–74]. Many times, he raised new scientific questions, developed experimental methods, started and established a topical research area, explored and reviewed the basic physics. Often, he pointed out that the method used, the subject studied or the cognition achieved can be applied to other systems, exhibits an analogy to a different problem in science or has an impact on another research field, so that the liquid crystal may serve as a model system that facilitates studying and visualising more general phenomena at comparably moderate conditions. Born in Liskow (Poland), Pawel Pieranski studied Physics in Poland and France. He received the degree Magister of Physics at the University Adam Mickiewicz in Poznan. In Paris, he encountered the spirit by Pierre-Gilles de Gennes [74] and received the Diplôme d’Études Approfondies de Physique des Solides at the Université Paris-Sud in Orsay. Based on his extensive research with Etienne Guyon at the Laboratoire de Physique des Solides in Orsay, he finished his Thèse de 3éme cycle (1972), became Chargé des Recherches at CNRS (1973) and finished his Thèse d’Etat (1976). After post-doc research with R.B. Meyer at Brandeis University (USA, 1979) and independent research at the Laboratoire de Physique des Solides in Orsay, he became Directeur des Recherches at CNRS (1984). Apart from his early work published together with E. Guyon [3–6], Pawel Pieranski hitherto collaborated extensively with Patricia Cladis [1,2,21–26] and Maria H. Godinho [62–65,71–73] and occasionally published, for example (in chronological order) together with Maurice Kléman [1], with his brother Piotr Pieranski [10,17,18], with Pierre-Gilles de Gennes [7], Jaques Friedel [12], Robert B. Meyer [8], Gerd Heppke [29–31], Richard Hornreich [35], John Goodby [42], Patrick Oswald [51,75,76], Slobodan Žumer [62] and other distinguished researchers.
为了纪念杰出的液晶研究先驱阿尔弗雷德·索普，阿尔弗雷德·索佩基金会和德国液晶学会授予阿尔弗雷德·索pe奖，以表彰在液晶领域的杰出工作。2019年3月28日，Pawel-Pieranski教授获得了该奖项，其中包括Alfred SaupeMedal（图1），以表彰他在液晶研究及其应用领域的杰出工作。Pawel-Pieranski在液晶（LC）研究的许多不同领域进行了广泛的工作，如向列相液晶的静态和动态行为[1-8]、手性近晶液晶，尤其是铁电液晶[9-11]、胶体晶体[12-19]、胆甾醇相和蓝相[20-32]、润湿和锚定[33-36]、原子力显微镜（AFM）在液晶上的应用[37-41]，自由悬浮的LC膜[42-52]，单晶的形状[53-61]，纤维素衍生物[62-65]，以及某些中间相或特殊几何形状中的有序性、结构、对称性、缺陷和拓扑结构的各个方面[66-74]。他多次提出新的科学问题，发展实验方法，开创并建立专题研究领域，探索和回顾基础物理学。他经常指出，所使用的方法、所研究的主题或所获得的认知可以应用于其他系统，对科学中的不同问题表现出类比，或对另一个研究领域产生影响，因此液晶可以作为一个模型系统，有助于在相对温和的条件下研究和可视化更普遍的现象。帕维尔·皮兰斯基出生于利斯科夫（波兰），曾在波兰和法国学习物理。他在波兹南的Adam Mickiewicz大学获得了物理学博士学位。在巴黎，他遇到了Pierre Gilles de Gennes[74]的精神，并在奥赛的南巴黎大学获得了实体物理研究院的批准。基于他在奥赛实体物理实验室与Etienne Guyon的广泛研究，他完成了他的Thèse de 3éme周期（1972年），成为CNRS研究所的临时代办（1973年），并完成了他的Tèse d‘Etat（1976年）。在布兰迪斯大学（美国，1979年）与R.B.Meyer进行博士后研究，并在奥赛固体物理实验室进行独立研究后，他成为CNRS的研究主任（1984年）。除了与E.Guyon[3-6]一起发表的早期作品外，Pawel Pieranski迄今为止与Patricia Cladis[1，2，21-26]和Maria H.Godinho[62-65，71–73]进行了广泛的合作，偶尔与Maurice Kléman[1]、他的兄弟Piotr Pieranski[10，17，18]、Pierre Gilles de Gennes[7]、Jaques Friedel[12]一起发表（按时间顺序），Robert B.Meyer[8]，Gerd Heppke[29-31]，Richard Hornreich[35]，John Goodby[42]，Patrick Oswald[51，75，76]，Slobodanžumer[62]和其他杰出的研究人员。
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Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1358314X.2018.1570596
R. Dabrowski, Dorota Węgłowska, W. Piecek, R. Mazur
The dynamic scattering effect based on smectics (DSS) is an important candidate for many applications, wherein information either is not changed quickly or the same information has been presented for a long time – for example information notices, electronic books or smart windows. Using a mesogen at the smectic A phase (SmA), long time live recording of information is feasible to obtain without refreshing the voltage needed. The DSS Ad (of a positive dielectric anisotropy) uses the movement of ions. This movement is restricted since it is more free along interlayer space. The molecular director of the smectic medium is oriented in parallel to the electric field (perpendicular to electrodes) and ionic dopants having a negative anisotropy of conductivity migrate along the smectic layers under the applied electric field. Charges immerse the smectic layer in defected places only. Such a charge movement induces forces leading to the local disorientation of the molecular director. Under a movement of ionic dopants, the uniform layers of the SmA structure are disrupted and blocks of it start to rotate. As a result, a strongly scattering state is observed. The scattering state becomes ‘frozen’ due to the high viscosity of the SmA phase. This state is called the ‘write state’. Scattering state at the SmA phase does not need any driving electric field, as is in the case of the scattering effect at the nematic phase. As to induce a clear transparent state of SmA structure, called here ‘erase state’, it is necessary to apply the electric field of a rather high frequency, usually above 0.5 kHz. If the frequency is high enough, ions are oscillating without pronounced translational movement so the dielectrically positive smectic medium keeps the molecular director collinear with an electric field (homeotropic arrangement induced and preserved). Simultaneously, ionic dopants exhibit the property pretending of a surface active compound what progresses additionally the homeotropic orientation of the director. The clear homeotropic state of the SmA structure is called ‘erase state’. DSS effect does not need any polarisers and orienting layers. This profoundly decreases the device fabrication cost from one side but from the other side, a direct penetration of broad spectrum light allows for a destructive action on liquid crystalline materials and reduces the durability of devices. This is especially important in the case of a smart windows typically being under influence of a strong sun ultraviolet radiation for a long time. A special kind of a glass may partially limit this destructive action. Compounds such as fluoro-substituted biphenyls, cyclohexylbiphenyls, bicyclohexylbenzenes and terphenyls exhibit high chemical and photochemical stability and, therefore, they are commonly used in devices as nematic liquid crystallinemedia. Liquid crystals with fluorine atoms in the terminal position exhibit the positive dielectric anisotropy and they may have nematogenic as
{"title":"New ion-doped fluorinated smectics for smart windows and memory displays","authors":"R. Dabrowski, Dorota Węgłowska, W. Piecek, R. Mazur","doi":"10.1080/1358314X.2018.1570596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1358314X.2018.1570596","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic scattering effect based on smectics (DSS) is an important candidate for many applications, wherein information either is not changed quickly or the same information has been presented for a long time – for example information notices, electronic books or smart windows. Using a mesogen at the smectic A phase (SmA), long time live recording of information is feasible to obtain without refreshing the voltage needed. The DSS Ad (of a positive dielectric anisotropy) uses the movement of ions. This movement is restricted since it is more free along interlayer space. The molecular director of the smectic medium is oriented in parallel to the electric field (perpendicular to electrodes) and ionic dopants having a negative anisotropy of conductivity migrate along the smectic layers under the applied electric field. Charges immerse the smectic layer in defected places only. Such a charge movement induces forces leading to the local disorientation of the molecular director. Under a movement of ionic dopants, the uniform layers of the SmA structure are disrupted and blocks of it start to rotate. As a result, a strongly scattering state is observed. The scattering state becomes ‘frozen’ due to the high viscosity of the SmA phase. This state is called the ‘write state’. Scattering state at the SmA phase does not need any driving electric field, as is in the case of the scattering effect at the nematic phase. As to induce a clear transparent state of SmA structure, called here ‘erase state’, it is necessary to apply the electric field of a rather high frequency, usually above 0.5 kHz. If the frequency is high enough, ions are oscillating without pronounced translational movement so the dielectrically positive smectic medium keeps the molecular director collinear with an electric field (homeotropic arrangement induced and preserved). Simultaneously, ionic dopants exhibit the property pretending of a surface active compound what progresses additionally the homeotropic orientation of the director. The clear homeotropic state of the SmA structure is called ‘erase state’. DSS effect does not need any polarisers and orienting layers. This profoundly decreases the device fabrication cost from one side but from the other side, a direct penetration of broad spectrum light allows for a destructive action on liquid crystalline materials and reduces the durability of devices. This is especially important in the case of a smart windows typically being under influence of a strong sun ultraviolet radiation for a long time. A special kind of a glass may partially limit this destructive action. Compounds such as fluoro-substituted biphenyls, cyclohexylbiphenyls, bicyclohexylbenzenes and terphenyls exhibit high chemical and photochemical stability and, therefore, they are commonly used in devices as nematic liquid crystallinemedia. Liquid crystals with fluorine atoms in the terminal position exhibit the positive dielectric anisotropy and they may have nematogenic as ","PeriodicalId":18110,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Today","volume":"27 1","pages":"113 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1358314X.2018.1570596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47871877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1358314X.2018.1570592
V. Reshetnyak
The 22nd Conference on Liquid Crystals (chemistry, physics and applications) was held from 17 to 21 September 2018 in Jastrzebia Gora, a small village on the south coast of the Baltic Sea, 70 km no...
{"title":"XXII conference on liquid crystals (chemistry, physics and applications)","authors":"V. Reshetnyak","doi":"10.1080/1358314X.2018.1570592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1358314X.2018.1570592","url":null,"abstract":"The 22nd Conference on Liquid Crystals (chemistry, physics and applications) was held from 17 to 21 September 2018 in Jastrzebia Gora, a small village on the south coast of the Baltic Sea, 70 km no...","PeriodicalId":18110,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Today","volume":"27 1","pages":"109 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1358314X.2018.1570592","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48266123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1358314X.2018.1570593
Shuang Zhou
ABSTRACT Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) are formed by linear stacks of disc-shaped molecular in water. Combined by weak, non-covalent forces, these aggregates are reversible, flexible and polydisperse. The self-assembly nature of the basic building units gives nematic LCLCs interesting physical properties, such as very small twist constant as compared with splay and bend constants, very large splay and twist viscosities, strong temperature dependence of , , and , diverse responses to different ionic additives, and large and azimuthally asymmetric disclination cores. We discuss our experimental studies on the viscoelastic properties and the fine structure of disclinations of LCLCs and attribute their unusual properties to the fact that LCLC aggregates are not fixed in size, but vary in response to changes of temperature, concentration and ionic content in the system. We further use these properties to explain intriguing phenomena in the ‘living liquid crystals’ composed of chromonic liquid crystal and motile bacteria Bacillus Subtilis.
{"title":"Recent progresses in lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal research: elasticity, viscosity, defect structures, and living liquid crystals","authors":"Shuang Zhou","doi":"10.1080/1358314X.2018.1570593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1358314X.2018.1570593","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) are formed by linear stacks of disc-shaped molecular in water. Combined by weak, non-covalent forces, these aggregates are reversible, flexible and polydisperse. The self-assembly nature of the basic building units gives nematic LCLCs interesting physical properties, such as very small twist constant as compared with splay and bend constants, very large splay and twist viscosities, strong temperature dependence of , , and , diverse responses to different ionic additives, and large and azimuthally asymmetric disclination cores. We discuss our experimental studies on the viscoelastic properties and the fine structure of disclinations of LCLCs and attribute their unusual properties to the fact that LCLC aggregates are not fixed in size, but vary in response to changes of temperature, concentration and ionic content in the system. We further use these properties to explain intriguing phenomena in the ‘living liquid crystals’ composed of chromonic liquid crystal and motile bacteria Bacillus Subtilis.","PeriodicalId":18110,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals Today","volume":"27 1","pages":"108 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1358314X.2018.1570593","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46029673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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