Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1177/14771535221136096
M. Aries, G. Fischl, A. Lowden, F. Beute
The relationship between everyday light exposure and sleep was studied for office workers. The study was conducted during the upswing of the COVID-19 pandemic, enabling a comparison between Office and Home Workdays. Fifteen full-time office employees were monitored for a period of 4–6 weeks. They wore a light-tracking device on their clothes and had a sleep tracker at home. Compared to an Office Workday, light exposure was lower in the afternoon and total sleep time was almost 5 minutes longer on a Home Workday. Sleep efficiency was the same on both workday types. A higher median illuminance level in the afternoon was significantly related to later sleep onset on an Office Workday. Higher median illuminance levels in the morning were related to earlier awakening. Counter to expectations, higher light levels in the evening were also related to earlier awakening. Everyday light exposure matters for sleep quality but may affect circadian functioning differently than the often more extreme light interventions employed in laboratory experiments. Moreover, differences in outcomes between Office and Home Workdays signal the need for further investigation to provide supportive light levels during workhours.
{"title":"The relationship of light exposure to sleep outcomes among office workers. Part 1: Working in the office versus at home before and during the COVID-pandemic","authors":"M. Aries, G. Fischl, A. Lowden, F. Beute","doi":"10.1177/14771535221136096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221136096","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between everyday light exposure and sleep was studied for office workers. The study was conducted during the upswing of the COVID-19 pandemic, enabling a comparison between Office and Home Workdays. Fifteen full-time office employees were monitored for a period of 4–6 weeks. They wore a light-tracking device on their clothes and had a sleep tracker at home. Compared to an Office Workday, light exposure was lower in the afternoon and total sleep time was almost 5 minutes longer on a Home Workday. Sleep efficiency was the same on both workday types. A higher median illuminance level in the afternoon was significantly related to later sleep onset on an Office Workday. Higher median illuminance levels in the morning were related to earlier awakening. Counter to expectations, higher light levels in the evening were also related to earlier awakening. Everyday light exposure matters for sleep quality but may affect circadian functioning differently than the often more extreme light interventions employed in laboratory experiments. Moreover, differences in outcomes between Office and Home Workdays signal the need for further investigation to provide supportive light levels during workhours.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79092359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1177/14771535221135208
H. Li, N. Xie, J. Harvey, J. Liu, H. Zhang, Y. Zhang
The reflection properties of pavement have an impact on the lit environment and thus upon drivers’ vision and comfort and the energy consumption of the lighting installation. The reflection properties combine diffuse and specular components. The specular reflection component changes with different materials: it also changes when the surface is wet, although this is sometimes ignored in lighting design. This study used simulation (DIALux 4.13) to investigate the effect on lighting parameters (luminance, overall uniformity, longitudinal uniformity and threshold increment (TI)) of changes in pavement reflection properties using different pavement materials and under dry and wet conditions. Furthermore, comparison of lighting parameters was made with different road lighting arrangements. The results show that an increase in the specular reflection component leads to an increase in luminance and a decrease in uniformity. Of the surfaces investigated, the porous pavement had the lower luminance but better uniformity. Arranging the lighting installation based on the extreme wettest condition could make luminance and uniformity rise but with an increase of 2–2.5 kWh/m2 annual energy consumption. When trying to control glare problems during design process, it is suggested that uniformity cannot be neglected except the TI.
{"title":"Exploring the effect of pavement reflection and photometric properties on road lighting performance","authors":"H. Li, N. Xie, J. Harvey, J. Liu, H. Zhang, Y. Zhang","doi":"10.1177/14771535221135208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221135208","url":null,"abstract":"The reflection properties of pavement have an impact on the lit environment and thus upon drivers’ vision and comfort and the energy consumption of the lighting installation. The reflection properties combine diffuse and specular components. The specular reflection component changes with different materials: it also changes when the surface is wet, although this is sometimes ignored in lighting design. This study used simulation (DIALux 4.13) to investigate the effect on lighting parameters (luminance, overall uniformity, longitudinal uniformity and threshold increment (TI)) of changes in pavement reflection properties using different pavement materials and under dry and wet conditions. Furthermore, comparison of lighting parameters was made with different road lighting arrangements. The results show that an increase in the specular reflection component leads to an increase in luminance and a decrease in uniformity. Of the surfaces investigated, the porous pavement had the lower luminance but better uniformity. Arranging the lighting installation based on the extreme wettest condition could make luminance and uniformity rise but with an increase of 2–2.5 kWh/m2 annual energy consumption. When trying to control glare problems during design process, it is suggested that uniformity cannot be neglected except the TI.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"170 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81012186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.1177/14771535221136976
J. Mardaljevic
{"title":"Editorial: Daylight – time it was history","authors":"J. Mardaljevic","doi":"10.1177/14771535221136976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221136976","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"747 - 747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75331849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.1177/14771535221136988
K. Cuttle
The selection of papers chosen for issue 54(7) of Lighting Research and Technology leads me to suggest that we are on the verge of a breakthrough that has the potential to transform how practitioners make use of measurement to relate lighting technology to its applications. This has arisen because several companies have recently introduced 360-degree panoramic cameras which comprise a pair of backto-back 180-degree digital cameras in a compact device. Such a camera can be mounted on a tripod to produce a high dynamic range image of the entire three-dimensional (3-D) field, and this image can be downloaded as a single file to a screen device, such as a laptop or phone, for a range of viewing options. The two papers in that issue by Li and Cai1,2 introduce a procedure by which a practitioner can use an illuminance meter, or better a luminance meter, to calibrate such a camera to generate panoramic luminance files that can be linked to Radiance software to enable direct measurement of metrics such as relative visual performance or unified glare rating. The ability to measure such aspects of lighting in actual applications, which could include variations of sunlight and daylight, has the potential to transform the enforcement lighting standards in workplaces. But that would be just the start. Practitioners would be able to routinely examine how the 3-D light field influences the appearance of lit objects, which might range from 3-D work tasks to peoples’ facial features, and to explore how the differences of appearance may be described in terms of flow of light concepts, such as modelling or 3-D lighting patterns that may be specified by vector and scalar illumination metrics.3 Furthermore, the technique devised by James Duff and his colleagues4 for separating the direct and indirect flux fields could be applied to enable ambient illuminance at a measurement point to be recorded in terms of mean indirect cubic illuminance,5 or for the mean room surface exitance3 for an indoor space to be readily determined. Practitioners would be able to assess the role of lighting diversity (as opposed to uniformity) for achieving controlled distributions of visual emphasis for selected target objects, and to specify distributions of target/ambient illuminance ratio3 values for application in lighting projects using the Lighting Design Objectives (LiDOs) Procedure.3 Lighting standards specified in terms of ambient illuminance would be enforceable, and a whole range of LiDOs that practitioners might choose to specify for specific applications would become verifiable. This development in camera technology could lead to the prime objective of lighting practice switching from imparting visibility to tasks to creating luminous environments for people to respond to a distinct step closer.
{"title":"Correspondence: A panoramic light meter","authors":"K. Cuttle","doi":"10.1177/14771535221136988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221136988","url":null,"abstract":"The selection of papers chosen for issue 54(7) of Lighting Research and Technology leads me to suggest that we are on the verge of a breakthrough that has the potential to transform how practitioners make use of measurement to relate lighting technology to its applications. This has arisen because several companies have recently introduced 360-degree panoramic cameras which comprise a pair of backto-back 180-degree digital cameras in a compact device. Such a camera can be mounted on a tripod to produce a high dynamic range image of the entire three-dimensional (3-D) field, and this image can be downloaded as a single file to a screen device, such as a laptop or phone, for a range of viewing options. The two papers in that issue by Li and Cai1,2 introduce a procedure by which a practitioner can use an illuminance meter, or better a luminance meter, to calibrate such a camera to generate panoramic luminance files that can be linked to Radiance software to enable direct measurement of metrics such as relative visual performance or unified glare rating. The ability to measure such aspects of lighting in actual applications, which could include variations of sunlight and daylight, has the potential to transform the enforcement lighting standards in workplaces. But that would be just the start. Practitioners would be able to routinely examine how the 3-D light field influences the appearance of lit objects, which might range from 3-D work tasks to peoples’ facial features, and to explore how the differences of appearance may be described in terms of flow of light concepts, such as modelling or 3-D lighting patterns that may be specified by vector and scalar illumination metrics.3 Furthermore, the technique devised by James Duff and his colleagues4 for separating the direct and indirect flux fields could be applied to enable ambient illuminance at a measurement point to be recorded in terms of mean indirect cubic illuminance,5 or for the mean room surface exitance3 for an indoor space to be readily determined. Practitioners would be able to assess the role of lighting diversity (as opposed to uniformity) for achieving controlled distributions of visual emphasis for selected target objects, and to specify distributions of target/ambient illuminance ratio3 values for application in lighting projects using the Lighting Design Objectives (LiDOs) Procedure.3 Lighting standards specified in terms of ambient illuminance would be enforceable, and a whole range of LiDOs that practitioners might choose to specify for specific applications would become verifiable. This development in camera technology could lead to the prime objective of lighting practice switching from imparting visibility to tasks to creating luminous environments for people to respond to a distinct step closer.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"829 - 830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84176347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1177/14771535211044665
A. Durante, K. Kelly
Mean room surface exitance (MRSE) is a metric proposed to assess lighting quantity within a new design methodology focused on ambient and target illumination. This research builds upon findings from previous research examining the suitability of MRSE as a metric for assessing ambient illumination brightness levels and illumination adequacy for offices. An experiment was conducted to investigate a finding from previous studies that a linear relationship existed between perceived adequacy of illumination (PAI) and MRSE. It was found that the relationship diverges from linear once the scale of MRSE values is extended above the 100 lm/m2. This study also suggests a relationship between spatial brightness and MRSE for an extended range of MRSE values up to 1400 lm/m2. The findings from this research provide insight into a tentative range of MRSE levels that may be suitable for an office environment.
{"title":"Investigating mean room surface exitance values for office lighting","authors":"A. Durante, K. Kelly","doi":"10.1177/14771535211044665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535211044665","url":null,"abstract":"Mean room surface exitance (MRSE) is a metric proposed to assess lighting quantity within a new design methodology focused on ambient and target illumination. This research builds upon findings from previous research examining the suitability of MRSE as a metric for assessing ambient illumination brightness levels and illumination adequacy for offices. An experiment was conducted to investigate a finding from previous studies that a linear relationship existed between perceived adequacy of illumination (PAI) and MRSE. It was found that the relationship diverges from linear once the scale of MRSE values is extended above the 100 lm/m2. This study also suggests a relationship between spatial brightness and MRSE for an extended range of MRSE values up to 1400 lm/m2. The findings from this research provide insight into a tentative range of MRSE levels that may be suitable for an office environment.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"71 1","pages":"657 - 673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81848547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1177/14771535221132881
P. Boyce
This issue of Lighting Research and Technology is devoted to the theme of ambient lighting, a topic driven largely by the work of Kit Cuttle. In my opinion, Kit Cuttle has been one of the foremost thinkers and educators in lighting for more than 50 years. I first met Kit in 1967, at the time he was working on the flow of light from windows, a topic that led to the concept of vector/ scalar ratio as a metric for modelling, one of the first attempts to quantify lighting characteristics beyond planar illuminance. In 1976, he emigrated to New Zealand, where he joined the Wellington Victoria University School of Architecture and thus began his career in lighting education, a career that has included teaching at the Lighting Research Center and at the University of Auckland and from which many students have benefited. Teaching has been one of Kit’s strengths. This is because he sees it as a two-way process. The students learn from him and he learns from the students. One thing that became apparent to him when teaching the design process was that students tended to adopt a technology-first approach. To Kit, this was wrong. He has always advocated that the first question to be addressed in any lighting design is what do you want to see? As a result, he has developed a series of simple devices for demonstrating the way in which the reflection characteristics of 3D objects and the luminous flux distribution around them interact to create a shadow pattern, a highlight pattern and a shading pattern. These are well explained in his book Lighting by Design. But this was not enough for him. The bigger question is: How can such knowledge be incorporated into a design method? The problem Kit identified is that conventional lighting design is dominated by the lumen method, a method that encourages a technology-first approach and that inevitably leads to a regular array of luminaires providing uniform illumination. Over the last decade, he has sought to change the primary function of interior lighting from lighting the task to lighting the space, from task lighting to ambient lighting. To achieve this calls for a new design method based on first stating what the lighting objectives are and then determining the luminous flux distribution needed to achieve those objectives. It is only at this point that the technology to be used is selected. The potential impact of this Lighting Objectives Design Procedure on lighting practice is huge. How has he achieved so much? I believe the answer is primarily through persistence, but also through openness and ingenuity. Throughout his career, he has persisted in thinking about how to make lighting better. Furthermore, he is open with his time and thoughts. He has a gift for listening, for observation and for asking significant questions. Finally, he is an ingenious fellow who can create thought experiments, develop devices and create systematic design procedures. The world of lighting has been lucky to have him.
{"title":"In praise of persistence","authors":"P. Boyce","doi":"10.1177/14771535221132881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221132881","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of Lighting Research and Technology is devoted to the theme of ambient lighting, a topic driven largely by the work of Kit Cuttle. In my opinion, Kit Cuttle has been one of the foremost thinkers and educators in lighting for more than 50 years. I first met Kit in 1967, at the time he was working on the flow of light from windows, a topic that led to the concept of vector/ scalar ratio as a metric for modelling, one of the first attempts to quantify lighting characteristics beyond planar illuminance. In 1976, he emigrated to New Zealand, where he joined the Wellington Victoria University School of Architecture and thus began his career in lighting education, a career that has included teaching at the Lighting Research Center and at the University of Auckland and from which many students have benefited. Teaching has been one of Kit’s strengths. This is because he sees it as a two-way process. The students learn from him and he learns from the students. One thing that became apparent to him when teaching the design process was that students tended to adopt a technology-first approach. To Kit, this was wrong. He has always advocated that the first question to be addressed in any lighting design is what do you want to see? As a result, he has developed a series of simple devices for demonstrating the way in which the reflection characteristics of 3D objects and the luminous flux distribution around them interact to create a shadow pattern, a highlight pattern and a shading pattern. These are well explained in his book Lighting by Design. But this was not enough for him. The bigger question is: How can such knowledge be incorporated into a design method? The problem Kit identified is that conventional lighting design is dominated by the lumen method, a method that encourages a technology-first approach and that inevitably leads to a regular array of luminaires providing uniform illumination. Over the last decade, he has sought to change the primary function of interior lighting from lighting the task to lighting the space, from task lighting to ambient lighting. To achieve this calls for a new design method based on first stating what the lighting objectives are and then determining the luminous flux distribution needed to achieve those objectives. It is only at this point that the technology to be used is selected. The potential impact of this Lighting Objectives Design Procedure on lighting practice is huge. How has he achieved so much? I believe the answer is primarily through persistence, but also through openness and ingenuity. Throughout his career, he has persisted in thinking about how to make lighting better. Furthermore, he is open with his time and thoughts. He has a gift for listening, for observation and for asking significant questions. Finally, he is an ingenious fellow who can create thought experiments, develop devices and create systematic design procedures. The world of lighting has been lucky to have him.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"170 1","pages":"630 - 630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77934354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1177/14771535221123624
C. Cuttle
{"title":"Correspondence: A practical method for field measurement of mean room surface exitance","authors":"C. Cuttle","doi":"10.1177/14771535221123624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221123624","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"690 - 693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78256354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1177/14771535221134859
S. Fotios, T. Goodman
The papers in this issue of Lighting Research and Technology have a common theme: research which supports a new approach to interior lighting design. This is led by the work of Kit Cuttle. In many articles, he has promoted considerations in lighting design which extend beyond horizontal illuminance towards ambient illuminance and perceived adequacy of illumination – in other words, a more holistic appraisal of the lit environment. The first paper in this issue, from Cuttle, is a discussion about implementation of his Lighting Design Objectives (LiDOs) procedure into lighting design practice. This is Cuttle’s fifth paper on LiDOs. He suggests it is his final paper on the subject, and hence to extend the discussion, we invited comments about Cuttle’s ideas from three people representing differing interests in lighting design – Kevin Mansfield, Kevan Shaw and Peter Thorns. Such discussions allow the contributors to raise suggestions and questions without the censorship of peer review. Previously, invited discussions accompanied all papers published in Lighting Research and Technology: after having been omitted in recent years, we intend to recruit discussions for suitable papers in future issues. Readers are also able to submit items of correspondence if they wish to comment on published papers; we welcome such contributions and hope to receive more of these in the future. The final paper in this issue is a discussion from Peter Boyce, Howard Brandston and Kit Cuttle about the distinction between design standards and design guidance and their roles in the elimination of bad lighting and the promotion of good lighting. In-between, there are four papers from other authors on the topic of spatial assessments of lighting: Durante and Kelly report a study investigating the relationship between Mean Room Surface Exitance (MRSE) and subjective evaluations of lighting; Zhang et al. then discuss a practical method for field measurement of MRSE; and in two papers, Li and Cai discuss lighting measurement over a 360° field of view. Together these four papers explore some of the practicalities of using Cuttle’s holistic approach – covering issues such as the suitability of MSRE as a metric for assessing the perceived adequacy of illumination as well as possible measurement approaches for quantifying illumination in a three-dimensional space – and highlight where further research is needed. Such questions are important if lighting design and implementation is to fulfil Cuttle’s ultimate goal: indoor lighting that achieves clearly defined and well-specified perceptual responses. And that’s something we should all welcome, not just in terms of improved lighting quality, but also since it will help ensure the energy consumed is used to its fullest benefit. Steve Fotios Editor-in-Chief
这期《照明研究与技术》的论文有一个共同的主题:支持室内照明设计新方法的研究。这是由基特·卡特尔领导的。在许多文章中，他提出了照明设计的考虑因素，从水平照度扩展到环境照度和感知照明的充足性-换句话说，对照明环境进行更全面的评估。这期的第一篇论文，来自卡特尔，是关于在照明设计实践中实施他的照明设计目标(LiDOs)程序的讨论。这是卡托关于利多斯的第五篇论文。他表示这是他关于这个主题的最后一篇论文，因此为了扩展讨论，我们邀请了三位代表不同兴趣的人——凯文·曼斯菲尔德、凯文·肖和彼得·布里斯——对卡特尔的想法发表评论。这样的讨论允许贡献者在没有同行评审审查的情况下提出建议和问题。以前，在《照明研究与技术》杂志上发表的所有论文都附有邀请讨论:在近年被省略后，我们打算在未来的问题中招募合适论文的讨论。如果读者希望对已发表的论文发表评论，他们也可以提交通信项目;我们欢迎这些捐助，并希望今后能收到更多捐助。这期的最后一篇论文是Peter Boyce, Howard Brandston和Kit Cuttle关于设计标准和设计指导之间的区别以及它们在消除不良照明和促进良好照明中的作用的讨论。在此期间，其他作者发表了四篇关于照明空间评估的论文:Durante和Kelly报告了一项研究，调查了平均房间表面出口(MRSE)与照明主观评估之间的关系;Zhang等人随后讨论了一种实用的MRSE现场测量方法;在两篇论文中，Li和Cai讨论了360°视场的照明测量。这四篇论文共同探讨了使用卡特尔整体方法的一些实用性，涵盖了诸如MSRE作为评估照明感知充足性的度量标准的适用性以及量化三维空间照明的可能测量方法等问题，并强调了需要进一步研究的地方。如果照明设计和实现是为了实现卡特尔的最终目标:实现明确定义和明确指定的感知反应的室内照明，这些问题是重要的。这是我们都应该欢迎的，不仅仅是在提高照明质量方面，而且因为它将有助于确保所消耗的能源得到最大限度的利用。Steve Fotios主编
{"title":"Editorial: Research on lighting design","authors":"S. Fotios, T. Goodman","doi":"10.1177/14771535221134859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221134859","url":null,"abstract":"The papers in this issue of Lighting Research and Technology have a common theme: research which supports a new approach to interior lighting design. This is led by the work of Kit Cuttle. In many articles, he has promoted considerations in lighting design which extend beyond horizontal illuminance towards ambient illuminance and perceived adequacy of illumination – in other words, a more holistic appraisal of the lit environment. The first paper in this issue, from Cuttle, is a discussion about implementation of his Lighting Design Objectives (LiDOs) procedure into lighting design practice. This is Cuttle’s fifth paper on LiDOs. He suggests it is his final paper on the subject, and hence to extend the discussion, we invited comments about Cuttle’s ideas from three people representing differing interests in lighting design – Kevin Mansfield, Kevan Shaw and Peter Thorns. Such discussions allow the contributors to raise suggestions and questions without the censorship of peer review. Previously, invited discussions accompanied all papers published in Lighting Research and Technology: after having been omitted in recent years, we intend to recruit discussions for suitable papers in future issues. Readers are also able to submit items of correspondence if they wish to comment on published papers; we welcome such contributions and hope to receive more of these in the future. The final paper in this issue is a discussion from Peter Boyce, Howard Brandston and Kit Cuttle about the distinction between design standards and design guidance and their roles in the elimination of bad lighting and the promotion of good lighting. In-between, there are four papers from other authors on the topic of spatial assessments of lighting: Durante and Kelly report a study investigating the relationship between Mean Room Surface Exitance (MRSE) and subjective evaluations of lighting; Zhang et al. then discuss a practical method for field measurement of MRSE; and in two papers, Li and Cai discuss lighting measurement over a 360° field of view. Together these four papers explore some of the practicalities of using Cuttle’s holistic approach – covering issues such as the suitability of MSRE as a metric for assessing the perceived adequacy of illumination as well as possible measurement approaches for quantifying illumination in a three-dimensional space – and highlight where further research is needed. Such questions are important if lighting design and implementation is to fulfil Cuttle’s ultimate goal: indoor lighting that achieves clearly defined and well-specified perceptual responses. And that’s something we should all welcome, not just in terms of improved lighting quality, but also since it will help ensure the energy consumed is used to its fullest benefit. Steve Fotios Editor-in-Chief","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"627 - 627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85632095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.1177/14771535221088803
L. Xia, N. Xiao, X. Liu, T. Zhang, R. Xu, F. Li
The cubic illumination metre has been taken as the most thorough and practical tool for the field measurement of vector illuminance so far. However, uncertainty in the measurement of scalar illuminance has influenced its reliability. This study determined how the errors of the existing approaches were generated using illustrations and simulations based on the illuminance solid concept. Following the error analysis of the existing approaches, potential alternative solutions for improving its accuracy were proposed. This study can help pave the way for developing more accurate vector illuminance-based metrics in natural lighting environments using a cubic metre.
{"title":"Determining scalar illuminance from cubic illuminance data. Part 1: Error tracing","authors":"L. Xia, N. Xiao, X. Liu, T. Zhang, R. Xu, F. Li","doi":"10.1177/14771535221088803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221088803","url":null,"abstract":"The cubic illumination metre has been taken as the most thorough and practical tool for the field measurement of vector illuminance so far. However, uncertainty in the measurement of scalar illuminance has influenced its reliability. This study determined how the errors of the existing approaches were generated using illustrations and simulations based on the illuminance solid concept. Following the error analysis of the existing approaches, potential alternative solutions for improving its accuracy were proposed. This study can help pave the way for developing more accurate vector illuminance-based metrics in natural lighting environments using a cubic metre.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"69 1","pages":"47 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84256740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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