Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.1177/14771535221094737
X. Xie, Q. Sun, J. Gong, N. Liao, W. Song
The nonlinear response affects the effect of imaging system response non-uniformity correction (NUC) methods. Most of the methods are effective in a certain range of responses. In this paper, a new NUC method is proposed based on the mechanism of imaging system response non-uniformities production. Optical system-related non-uniformity is described as radiation transmission non-uniformity (RTNU) and detector-related non-uniformity is described as radiation conversion non-uniformity (RCNU). The RTNU is removed by inverse operation and RCNU is removed by regularization optimization. We verify the proposed method with respect to visual effect evaluation of actual scene images and three performance metrics evaluation of statistical F ratio, F-norm roughness and chromatic aberration ellipse. The experimental results verify the effect of our method. The proposed method is effective for NUC in a larger range of responses.
{"title":"Colour imaging system response non-uniformity correction based on inverse model and regularization method","authors":"X. Xie, Q. Sun, J. Gong, N. Liao, W. Song","doi":"10.1177/14771535221094737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221094737","url":null,"abstract":"The nonlinear response affects the effect of imaging system response non-uniformity correction (NUC) methods. Most of the methods are effective in a certain range of responses. In this paper, a new NUC method is proposed based on the mechanism of imaging system response non-uniformities production. Optical system-related non-uniformity is described as radiation transmission non-uniformity (RTNU) and detector-related non-uniformity is described as radiation conversion non-uniformity (RCNU). The RTNU is removed by inverse operation and RCNU is removed by regularization optimization. We verify the proposed method with respect to visual effect evaluation of actual scene images and three performance metrics evaluation of statistical F ratio, F-norm roughness and chromatic aberration ellipse. The experimental results verify the effect of our method. The proposed method is effective for NUC in a larger range of responses.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87943456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-02DOI: 10.1177/14771535221103400
M. Inanici, Abboushi, MS SSafranek
Sky models in daylight simulations represent the luminance variation across the sky-dome for different locations, dates, times and weather conditions, but skies are typically modelled as colourless. Recent studies explore techniques for incorporating the spectral content of daylighting in simulations. This paper provides an evaluation of the existing spectral sky models in lighting simulation software. The comparisons are made between the available mathematical sky models and naturally occurring skies that were recorded using high dynamic range photography and spectrophotometric measurements. The results show that recently developed sky models present progress compared to colourless sky models, but further research is needed to accurately simulate daylight spectra.
{"title":"Evaluation of sky spectra and sky models in daylighting simulations","authors":"M. Inanici, Abboushi, MS SSafranek","doi":"10.1177/14771535221103400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221103400","url":null,"abstract":"Sky models in daylight simulations represent the luminance variation across the sky-dome for different locations, dates, times and weather conditions, but skies are typically modelled as colourless. Recent studies explore techniques for incorporating the spectral content of daylighting in simulations. This paper provides an evaluation of the existing spectral sky models in lighting simulation software. The comparisons are made between the available mathematical sky models and naturally occurring skies that were recorded using high dynamic range photography and spectrophotometric measurements. The results show that recently developed sky models present progress compared to colourless sky models, but further research is needed to accurately simulate daylight spectra.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77966929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.1177/14771535221101558
HR Kang, J. Kim, Sw Park, C-S Lee, H. Pak
LEDs are widely used for both general and automotive lighting since their brightness can be easily regulated by controlling their on/off time using methods such as pulse width modulation (PWM). However, lighting control using PWM can cause temporal light artefacts, such as the phantom array effect, which affect human visual perception. In this study, we determined the influence of different colour temperatures on the visibility of the phantom array effect using five LEDs with different spectral distributions (red, green, blue, warm white and cool white) and frequencies of temporal modulation ranging from 1 kHz to 11 kHz. The threshold of the warm white LED was between that of the green and red LEDs, and threshold of the cool white LED was between that of the red and blue LEDs. The experimental results revealed a difference in the threshold frequency of the visibility of the phantom array effect, in accordance with the spectral distribution and the colour temperature of the light source.
{"title":"Visibility of the phantom array effect at different LED colour temperatures under high-frequency temporal light modulation","authors":"HR Kang, J. Kim, Sw Park, C-S Lee, H. Pak","doi":"10.1177/14771535221101558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221101558","url":null,"abstract":"LEDs are widely used for both general and automotive lighting since their brightness can be easily regulated by controlling their on/off time using methods such as pulse width modulation (PWM). However, lighting control using PWM can cause temporal light artefacts, such as the phantom array effect, which affect human visual perception. In this study, we determined the influence of different colour temperatures on the visibility of the phantom array effect using five LEDs with different spectral distributions (red, green, blue, warm white and cool white) and frequencies of temporal modulation ranging from 1 kHz to 11 kHz. The threshold of the warm white LED was between that of the green and red LEDs, and threshold of the cool white LED was between that of the red and blue LEDs. The experimental results revealed a difference in the threshold frequency of the visibility of the phantom array effect, in accordance with the spectral distribution and the colour temperature of the light source.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76749731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.1177/14771535221101556
H. Li, H. Cai
This study developed a 360° field of view (FOV) lighting measurement method with the aid of the Ricoh Theta Z1 panoramic camera. As versatile lighting information from all viewing directions within 360° FOV can be retrieved from a single 360° high dynamic range image, this new method improves the lighting measurement efficiency. Potential unique applications are reported in the present paper as Part 2 of this study. Corresponding lighting information covers a 360° luminance map, a 360° coefficient of variation map of luminance (CVL), a 360° luminance contrast (C1) map or ratio (Cr1) map between any interested target located at the viewing direction and its near background, a 360° luminance contrast (C2) map or ratio (Cr2) map between the same target and the ambient environment and a 360° illuminance map and its single coefficient of variation of illuminance (CVE) value of all illuminances on the illuminance map. All lighting information is measured at the same point with 360° viewing directions to analyse the uniformity and continuity of the lighting environment. An angular distance weighted illuminance calibration is used to correct possible mismatched white balance of the front and rear camera lenses in a scenario with multiple light sources of dramatically different Correlated Colour Temperature (CCTs). All customized camera-control and data treatment programs, including MATLAB code and Python programs, are uploaded to the project GitHub site for online sharing.
{"title":"Lighting measurement with a 360° panoramic camera: Part 2 – Applications","authors":"H. Li, H. Cai","doi":"10.1177/14771535221101556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221101556","url":null,"abstract":"This study developed a 360° field of view (FOV) lighting measurement method with the aid of the Ricoh Theta Z1 panoramic camera. As versatile lighting information from all viewing directions within 360° FOV can be retrieved from a single 360° high dynamic range image, this new method improves the lighting measurement efficiency. Potential unique applications are reported in the present paper as Part 2 of this study. Corresponding lighting information covers a 360° luminance map, a 360° coefficient of variation map of luminance (CVL), a 360° luminance contrast (C1) map or ratio (Cr1) map between any interested target located at the viewing direction and its near background, a 360° luminance contrast (C2) map or ratio (Cr2) map between the same target and the ambient environment and a 360° illuminance map and its single coefficient of variation of illuminance (CVE) value of all illuminances on the illuminance map. All lighting information is measured at the same point with 360° viewing directions to analyse the uniformity and continuity of the lighting environment. An angular distance weighted illuminance calibration is used to correct possible mismatched white balance of the front and rear camera lenses in a scenario with multiple light sources of dramatically different Correlated Colour Temperature (CCTs). All customized camera-control and data treatment programs, including MATLAB code and Python programs, are uploaded to the project GitHub site for online sharing.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82810012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1177/14771535221104495
H. Zhou, R. Ding, J. Qin, Y. Pan, M. Wang
Uniform illumination is key to surgery. According to the standard, the illuminance uniformity is measured with no obstruction, which cannot fully reflect the performance in the working environment. This study aimed to measure the illuminance uniformity with obstruction. Besides, the illuminance attenuation dispersion rate was introduced. The illuminance uniformity test was set up under the IEC Standard, and five different types of luminaires were measured. The appropriate sizes of the light spots were chosen first. Subsequently, the light sources with light field diameters d50 and d10 with or without obstacles were measured, and the illuminance attenuation dispersion rate was calculated. The experimental results showed that the d50/d10 ratio did not appear to be affected by obstructions. There appeared visible deformation of the light spot shape in some products. As we assumed, there were significant differences in the illuminance attenuation dispersion rate among these products. Although d50/d10 ratio did not seem to be affected by the obstructions, the shape of the light spot deformed. The illuminance attenuation dispersion rate may be a key parameter to judge the LED surgical lighting.
{"title":"Illuminance uniformity in obstructed LED surgical lighting","authors":"H. Zhou, R. Ding, J. Qin, Y. Pan, M. Wang","doi":"10.1177/14771535221104495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221104495","url":null,"abstract":"Uniform illumination is key to surgery. According to the standard, the illuminance uniformity is measured with no obstruction, which cannot fully reflect the performance in the working environment. This study aimed to measure the illuminance uniformity with obstruction. Besides, the illuminance attenuation dispersion rate was introduced. The illuminance uniformity test was set up under the IEC Standard, and five different types of luminaires were measured. The appropriate sizes of the light spots were chosen first. Subsequently, the light sources with light field diameters d50 and d10 with or without obstacles were measured, and the illuminance attenuation dispersion rate was calculated. The experimental results showed that the d50/d10 ratio did not appear to be affected by obstructions. There appeared visible deformation of the light spot shape in some products. As we assumed, there were significant differences in the illuminance attenuation dispersion rate among these products. Although d50/d10 ratio did not seem to be affected by the obstructions, the shape of the light spot deformed. The illuminance attenuation dispersion rate may be a key parameter to judge the LED surgical lighting.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75804468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.1177/14771535221074725
LM Huiberts, AL Opperhuizen, L. Schlangen
In a three-day field study among 61 university students, we collected data on self-reported light-emitting screen activities (watching TV/series and using social media) and other behaviours (physical activity and food intake) during the 2 hours before bedtime and examined interrelations with self-reported sleep duration and quality. Students spent on average 19 minutes on screens using social media and 29 minutes watching TV/series before going to bed. Linear mixed model analyses revealed that a 10-minute increase in pre-bedtime social media use was associated with a significant decrease in sleep duration of 7 minutes, while 10 extra minutes of watching TV/series tended to increase sleep duration by 3 minutes. Physical activity and food intake before bedtime, and total screen time in bed were not significantly related to sleep duration. Subjective sleep quality was not significantly correlated with any of the investigated pre-sleep activities. In line with previous research, these findings suggest that the influence of pre-bedtime light-emitting screen use on sleep duration might be (partly) attributable to differences in screen activities. Discriminating between various types of screen activities is important when researching and developing recommendations for pre-bedtime behavioural strategies that are supportive for sleep, (school) performance and health.
{"title":"Pre-bedtime activities and light-emitting screen use in university students and their relationships with self-reported sleep duration and quality","authors":"LM Huiberts, AL Opperhuizen, L. Schlangen","doi":"10.1177/14771535221074725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221074725","url":null,"abstract":"In a three-day field study among 61 university students, we collected data on self-reported light-emitting screen activities (watching TV/series and using social media) and other behaviours (physical activity and food intake) during the 2 hours before bedtime and examined interrelations with self-reported sleep duration and quality. Students spent on average 19 minutes on screens using social media and 29 minutes watching TV/series before going to bed. Linear mixed model analyses revealed that a 10-minute increase in pre-bedtime social media use was associated with a significant decrease in sleep duration of 7 minutes, while 10 extra minutes of watching TV/series tended to increase sleep duration by 3 minutes. Physical activity and food intake before bedtime, and total screen time in bed were not significantly related to sleep duration. Subjective sleep quality was not significantly correlated with any of the investigated pre-sleep activities. In line with previous research, these findings suggest that the influence of pre-bedtime light-emitting screen use on sleep duration might be (partly) attributable to differences in screen activities. Discriminating between various types of screen activities is important when researching and developing recommendations for pre-bedtime behavioural strategies that are supportive for sleep, (school) performance and health.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78727660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/14771535221106508
J. Mardaljevic
{"title":"Editorial: Outside-in and inside-out","authors":"J. Mardaljevic","doi":"10.1177/14771535221106508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221106508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77564661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/14771535221107759
Tm Brown, KP Wright
Increased awareness about how the light to which we are exposed throughout the day influences our health, performance and well-being has sparked interest in practical solutions to optimise lighting design and practice to promote and maintain human health. What has been lacking until now, however, is an agreed definition as to what an appropriate daily pattern of light exposure should entail to inform these goals. It has long been known that light is a key regulator of our internal circadian clock, hormone levels, sleep and other aspects of physiology and cognitive function (so-called non-visual responses to light). These adaptations evolved to allow us to tune cycles of rest, activity, energy intake and associated body functions to the availability of natural light. However, our patterns of light exposure are now increasingly at odds with the natural solar cycle. Hence our dimmer days (due to reduced exposure to daylight) and brighter nights (due to ready access to electric light sources) can disrupt the normal functioning of these biological control mechanisms and contribute to acute and longer-term impacts on health and performance. The obvious solution is to make days brighter and evenings/nights dimmer, but how bright or dim? This has proved a particularly challenging problem because it does not just require agreeing a set of numbers but also identifying an appropriate way of measuring ‘brightness’ in the context of the light-sensing machinery that regulates such responses. Significant progress here became possible due to a new international standard for metrology (CIE S 026/E:2018) based around the properties of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) known to mediate non-visual responses. The ipRGCs possess their own photopigment, melanopsin, which is maximally sensitive in a part of the spectrum (~490 nm in vivo) distinct from the cone photoreceptors whose properties underlie established photometric units. Since ipRGCs can also convey signals from rods and cones, however, there has been uncertainty as to the relative contribution of melanopsin versus these other signals. Accordingly, the new standard has formalised approaches for quantifying light separately for each of the photoreceptors that may contribute to ipRGC responses, and thereby has facilitated numerous retrospective evaluations of historical data and informed new hypothesis-driven investigations designed to address the existing uncertainty. These advances have now enabled the first expert scientific consensus, quantitative, recommendations for daytime, evening and night-time light exposure to best support physiology, sleep and wakefulness.1 The recommendations derive from an international group of leading specialists in the non-visual effects of light and associated metrology, informed by detailed evaluation of laboratory data and corroborating field studies which reveal melanopsin-weighted light exposure provides a reliable model of the sensitivity of prac
人们越来越意识到，我们全天接触的光线如何影响我们的健康、表现和福祉，这激发了人们对优化照明设计和实践的实用解决方案的兴趣，以促进和维护人类健康。然而，迄今为止缺乏的是一个商定的定义，即为了实现这些目标，适当的每日光照模式应该包括什么。人们早就知道，光是我们体内生物钟、激素水平、睡眠和其他生理和认知功能(所谓的对光的非视觉反应)的关键调节器。这些适应性的进化使我们能够根据自然光的可用性调整休息、活动、能量摄入和相关身体功能的周期。然而，我们的光照模式现在与自然的太阳周期越来越不一致。因此，我们较暗的白天(由于日光照射减少)和较亮的夜晚(由于随时可以获得电光源)可以破坏这些生物控制机制的正常功能，并对健康和表现造成急性和长期影响。显而易见的解决办法是让白天更亮，晚上/夜晚更暗，但是多亮或多暗呢?事实证明，这是一个特别具有挑战性的问题，因为它不仅需要商定一组数字，还需要在调节这种反应的光感机制的背景下确定一种测量“亮度”的适当方法。由于一项新的国际计量标准(CIE S 026/E:2018)基于已知介导非视觉反应的内在光敏视网膜神经节细胞(iprgc)的特性，这方面的重大进展成为可能。iprgc具有自己的光色素黑视素，它在光谱的一部分(体内约490 nm)最敏感，不同于锥状光感受器，锥状光感受器的性质是建立光度单位的基础。然而，由于iprgc也可以传递杆状细胞和视锥细胞的信号，因此黑视素与这些其他信号的相对贡献一直不确定。因此，新标准对可能导致ipRGC反应的每个光感受器分别量化光的方法进行了形式化，从而促进了对历史数据的大量回顾性评估，并为旨在解决现有不确定性的新假设驱动调查提供了信息。现在，这些进步使专家们首次达成科学共识，定量建议白天、晚上和夜间的光照，以最好地支持生理、睡眠和清醒这些建议来自于光的非视觉效应和相关计量学领域的国际领先专家小组，通过对实验室数据的详细评估和确凿的实地研究得出，这些研究表明，黑视素加权光暴露提供了健康成人对光的实际相关非视觉反应敏感性的可靠模型。这些建议现在提供了一个明确的框架，告知我们如何照亮室内空间，包括家庭、工作场所、教育和医疗机构，以易于测量的、符合si标准的数量表示:暗视等效日光照度。
{"title":"Opinion: How do we define ‘healthy’ lighting?","authors":"Tm Brown, KP Wright","doi":"10.1177/14771535221107759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221107759","url":null,"abstract":"Increased awareness about how the light to which we are exposed throughout the day influences our health, performance and well-being has sparked interest in practical solutions to optimise lighting design and practice to promote and maintain human health. What has been lacking until now, however, is an agreed definition as to what an appropriate daily pattern of light exposure should entail to inform these goals. It has long been known that light is a key regulator of our internal circadian clock, hormone levels, sleep and other aspects of physiology and cognitive function (so-called non-visual responses to light). These adaptations evolved to allow us to tune cycles of rest, activity, energy intake and associated body functions to the availability of natural light. However, our patterns of light exposure are now increasingly at odds with the natural solar cycle. Hence our dimmer days (due to reduced exposure to daylight) and brighter nights (due to ready access to electric light sources) can disrupt the normal functioning of these biological control mechanisms and contribute to acute and longer-term impacts on health and performance. The obvious solution is to make days brighter and evenings/nights dimmer, but how bright or dim? This has proved a particularly challenging problem because it does not just require agreeing a set of numbers but also identifying an appropriate way of measuring ‘brightness’ in the context of the light-sensing machinery that regulates such responses. Significant progress here became possible due to a new international standard for metrology (CIE S 026/E:2018) based around the properties of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) known to mediate non-visual responses. The ipRGCs possess their own photopigment, melanopsin, which is maximally sensitive in a part of the spectrum (~490 nm in vivo) distinct from the cone photoreceptors whose properties underlie established photometric units. Since ipRGCs can also convey signals from rods and cones, however, there has been uncertainty as to the relative contribution of melanopsin versus these other signals. Accordingly, the new standard has formalised approaches for quantifying light separately for each of the photoreceptors that may contribute to ipRGC responses, and thereby has facilitated numerous retrospective evaluations of historical data and informed new hypothesis-driven investigations designed to address the existing uncertainty. These advances have now enabled the first expert scientific consensus, quantitative, recommendations for daytime, evening and night-time light exposure to best support physiology, sleep and wakefulness.1 The recommendations derive from an international group of leading specialists in the non-visual effects of light and associated metrology, informed by detailed evaluation of laboratory data and corroborating field studies which reveal melanopsin-weighted light exposure provides a reliable model of the sensitivity of prac","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82596578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1177/14771535211061871
M. Rea
Delivering effective lighting in buildings to support circadian entrainment of the occupants is of growing interest and importance to lighting specifiers. Circadian-effective lighting is not simply about how much light to provide; it also depends upon how long that light is provided. Recent research suggests that the amount of light and the duration of light exposure are reciprocally related for entrainment in the morning hours (i.e. 08:00–12:00). This opens up a number of design options heretofore unaddressed by lighting specifiers.
{"title":"The law of reciprocity holds (more or less) for circadian-effective lighting","authors":"M. Rea","doi":"10.1177/14771535211061871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535211061871","url":null,"abstract":"Delivering effective lighting in buildings to support circadian entrainment of the occupants is of growing interest and importance to lighting specifiers. Circadian-effective lighting is not simply about how much light to provide; it also depends upon how long that light is provided. Recent research suggests that the amount of light and the duration of light exposure are reciprocally related for entrainment in the morning hours (i.e. 08:00–12:00). This opens up a number of design options heretofore unaddressed by lighting specifiers.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74145823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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