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Liquid-phase NMR of asphaltenes 沥青质的液相核磁共振。
IF 1.9 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5454
Leonid B. Krivdin

The present review focuses on the most recent advances in liquid-phase NMR of asphaltenes, leaving apart an overwhelming amount of publications dealing with solid-state NMR investigations in this field. Owing to the complexity of the coal-derived products, and in particular, asphaltenes, their 1H and 13C NMR spectra consist of a number of overlapping signals belonging to different hydrocarbon types. Comprehensive studies of asphaltenes by means of NMR reveal the characteristic functional groups of their fractions together with the spectral regions in which they resonate. NMR studies of asphaltenes provide a straightforward guideline for their chemical composition and that of the related coal-derived products.

本综述侧重于沥青质的液相 NMR 方面的最新进展,而不涉及该领域大量有关固态 NMR 研究的出版物。由于煤炭衍生产品(尤其是沥青质)的复杂性,其 1H 和 13C NMR 光谱由许多属于不同碳氢化合物类型的重叠信号组成。通过核磁共振对沥青质进行全面研究,可以发现其馏分中的特征官能团及其共振的光谱区域。沥青质的核磁共振研究为了解其化学成分以及相关煤衍生产品的化学成分提供了直接的指导。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrogen bond formation may enhance RDC-based discrimination of enantiomers 氢键的形成可能会增强基于 RDC 的对映体辨别能力。
IF 1.9 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5448
Emine Sager, Pavleta Tzvetkova, Andreas Lingel, Alvar D. Gossert, Burkhard Luy

The distinction of enantiomers based on residual anisotropic parameters obtained by alignment in chiral poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate (PBLG) is among the strongest in high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. However, large variations in enantiodifferentiation among different solutes are frequently observed. One hypothesis is that the formation of hydrogen bonds between solute and PBLG is important for the distinction of enantiomers. With a small set of three almost spherical enantiomeric pairs, for which 1DCH residual dipolar couplings are measured, we address this issue in a systematic way: borneol contains a single functional group that can act as a hydrogen bond donor, camphor has a single group that may act as a hydrogen bond acceptor, and quinuclidinol can act as both hydrogen bond donor and acceptor. The results are unambiguous: although camphor shows low enantiodifferentiation with PBLG and alignment that can be predicted well by the purely steric TRAMITE approach, the distinction of enantiomers for the other enantiomeric pairs is significantly higher with alignment properties that must involve a specific interaction in addition to steric alignment.

根据在手性聚-γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸(PBLG)中配位获得的残余各向异性参数来区分对映体,是高分辨率核磁共振光谱中最有效的方法之一。然而,在不同溶质之间经常观察到对映体差异的巨大差异。一种假设认为,溶质与 PBLG 之间形成的氢键对区分对映体非常重要。通过测量 1DCH 残余偶极耦合,我们系统地解决了这一问题:龙脑含有一个可作为氢键供体的官能团,樟脑有一个可作为氢键受体的官能团,而奎尼丁醇既可作为氢键供体,也可作为氢键受体。结果是明确的:虽然樟脑在 PBLG 和配位中显示出较低的对映体差异,纯立体 TRAMITE 方法也能很好地预测对映体差异,但其他对映体对的对映体差异显著较高,其配位特性除立体配位外还必须涉及特定的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
1H and 13C NMR spectra of infinitene and the ring current effect of the aromatic molecule 无限烯的 1H 和 13C NMR 光谱以及芳香分子的环流效应。
IF 1.9 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5467
Erich Kleinpeter, Andreas Koch

The spatial magnetic properties (through-space NMR shieldings—TSNMRSs—actually the ring current effect in 1H NMR spectroscopy) of the recently synthesized infinitene (the helically twisted [12]circulene) have been calculated using the GIAO perturbation method employing the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) concept and visualized as iso-chemical-shielding surfaces (ICSS) of various size and direction. Both 1H and 13C chemical shifts of infinitene and the aromaticity of this esthetically very appealing molecule have been studied subject to the ring current effect thus obtained. This spatial magnetic response property of TSNMRSs dominates the different magnitude of 1H and 13C chemical shifts, especially in the cross-over section of infinitene, which is unequivocally classified as an aromatic molecule based on the deshielding belt of its ring current effect. Differences in aromaticity of infinitene compared with isolated benzene can also be qualified and quantified on the magnetic criterion.

最近合成的无限烯(螺旋扭曲的 [12]circulene)的空间磁性(通空核磁共振屏蔽--TSNMRS--实际上是 1H 核磁共振光谱中的环流效应)是通过采用核无关化学位移 (NICS) 概念的 GIAO 扰动法计算得出的,并可视化为不同大小和方向的等化学屏蔽面 (ICSS)。根据由此获得的环流效应,对无穷乙烯的 1H 和 13C 化学位移以及这种极具美感的分子的芳香性进行了研究。TSNMRS 的这种空间磁响应特性主导了 1H 和 13C 化学位移的不同幅度,尤其是在无限烯的交叉部分,根据其环流效应的去屏蔽带,无限烯被明确归类为芳香分子。无穷乙烯与分离苯相比在芳香性方面的差异也可以用磁性标准来定性和定量。
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引用次数: 0
On the geometry dependence of the nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift of mercury in thiolate complexes: A relativistic density functional theory study 硫酸盐复合物中汞的核磁共振化学位移的几何依赖性:相对论密度泛函理论研究。
IF 1.9 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5452
Haide Wu, Lars Hemmingsen, Stephan P. A. Sauer

Thiolate containing mercury(II) complexes of the general formula [Hg(SR)n]2n have been of great interest since the toxicity of mercury was recognized. 199Hg nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a powerful tool for characterization of mercury complexes. In this work, the Hg shielding constants in a series of [Hg(SR)n]2n complexes are therefore investigated computationally with particular emphasis on their geometry dependence. Geometry optimizations and NMR chemical shift calculations are performed at the density functional theory (DFT) level with both the zeroth-order regular approximation (ZORA) and four-component relativistic methods. The four exchange-correlation (XC) functionals PBE0, PBE, B3LYP, and BLYP are used in combination with either Dyall's Gaussian-type (GTO) or Slater-type orbitals (STOs) basis sets. Comparing ZORA and four-component calculations, one observes that the calculated shielding constants for a given molecular geometry have a constant difference of 1070 ppm. This confirms that ZORA is an acceptable relativistic method to compute NMR chemical shifts. The combinations of four-component/PBE0/v3z and ZORA/PBE0/QZ4P are applied to explore the geometry dependence of the isotropic shielding. For a given coordination number, the distance between mercury and sulfur is the key factor affecting the shielding constant, while changes in bond and dihedral angles and even different side groups have relatively little impact.

自人们认识到汞的毒性以来,通式为 [Hg(SR) n $$ {}_n $$ ] 2 - n $$ {}^{2-n} $$ 的含硫酸盐的汞(II)络合物一直备受关注。199Hg 核磁共振波谱(NMR)是表征汞络合物的有力工具。因此,本研究通过计算研究了一系列[Hg(SR) n $$ {}_n $$ ] 2 - n $$ {}^{2-n} $$ 复合物中的汞屏蔽常数,并特别强调了它们的几何依赖性。几何优化和核磁共振化学位移计算是在密度泛函理论(DFT)水平上采用零阶正则近似(ZORA)和四分量相对论方法进行的。四种交换相关 (XC) 函数 PBE0、PBE、B3LYP 和 BLYP 与 Dyall 的高斯型 (GTO) 或 Slater 型轨道 (STOs) 基集结合使用。比较 ZORA 计算和四分量计算,我们可以发现,对于给定的分子几何形状,计算得出的屏蔽常数恒差为 ∼ $$ sim $ 1070 ppm。这证明 ZORA 是一种可接受的计算 NMR 化学位移的相对论方法。应用四配位/PBE0/v3z 和 ZORA/PBE0/QZ4P 组合来探索各向同性屏蔽的几何依赖性。对于给定的配位数,汞和硫之间的距离是影响屏蔽常数的关键因素,而键角和二面角的变化甚至不同侧基的变化影响相对较小。
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引用次数: 0
Stereochemical assignment of four monoterpene glucoside derivatives from Turpinia montana Kurz by NMR study combined with CD spectroscopy 通过核磁共振与 CD 光谱相结合研究四种来自 Turpinia montana Kurz 的单萜苷衍生物的立体化学分配
IF 1.9 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5451
Le Thanh Huong, Tran Tuan Anh, Nguyen Minh Hang, Vu Mai Thao, Nguyen Xuan Nhiem, Nguyen Hai Dang
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引用次数: 0
Compositional analysis of multilayered plastic constituents and constituent mixtures using benchtop 1H NMR spectroscopy 使用台式 1H NMR 光谱对多层塑料成分和成分混合物进行成分分析
IF 1.9 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5450
Harrish Kumar Senthil Kumar, Yoorae Noh, Adam L. Bachmann, Bryan S. Beckingham

Multilayered plastics are widely used in food packaging and other commercial applications due to their tailored functional properties. By layering different polymers, the multilayered composite material can have enhanced mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties compared to a single plastic. However, there is a significant need to recycle these multilayer plastics, but their complex structure offers significant challenges to their successful recycling. Ultimately, the use and recycling of these complex materials requires the ability to characterize the composition and purity as a means of quality control for both production and recycling processes. New advances and availability of low-field benchtop 1H NMR spectrometers have led to increasing interest in its use for characterization of multicomponent polymers and polymer mixtures. Here, we demonstrate the capability of low-field benchtop 1H NMR spectroscopy for characterization of three common polymers associated with multilayered packaging systems (low-density polyethylene [LDPE], ethylene vinyl alcohol [EVOH], and Nylon) as well as their blends. Calibration curves are obtained for determining the unknown composition of EVOH and Nylon in multilayered packaging plastics using both the EVOH hydroxyl peak area and an observed peak shift, both yielding results in good agreement with the prepared sample compositions. Additionally, comparison of results extracted for the same samples characterized by our benchtop spectrometer and a 500-MHz spectrometer found results to be consistent and within 2 wt% on average. Overall, low-field benchtop 1H NMR spectroscopy is a reliable and accessible tool for characterization of these polymer systems.

多层塑料因其量身定制的功能特性而被广泛应用于食品包装和其他商业应用领域。通过将不同的聚合物分层,多层复合材料的机械性能、热性能和阻隔性能都比单一塑料有所提高。然而,回收利用这些多层塑料的需求很大,但其复杂的结构给成功回收利用带来了巨大挑战。要使用和回收这些复杂的材料,最终需要对其成分和纯度进行表征,以此作为生产和回收过程的质量控制手段。低场台式 1H NMR 光谱仪的新进展和可用性使人们对其用于表征多组分聚合物和聚合物混合物的兴趣与日俱增。在此,我们展示了低场台式 1H NMR 光谱仪表征与多层包装系统相关的三种常见聚合物(低密度聚乙烯 [LDPE]、乙烯-乙烯醇 [EVOH] 和尼龙)及其混合物的能力。利用 EVOH 羟基峰面积和观察到的峰移,可获得校准曲线,用于确定多层包装塑料中 EVOH 和尼龙的未知成分,两者得出的结果与制备的样品成分十分吻合。此外,比较我们的台式光谱仪和 500-MHz 光谱仪对相同样品进行表征所提取的结果,发现结果是一致的,平均在 2 wt%以内。总之,低场台式 1H NMR 光谱仪是表征这些聚合物系统的一种可靠而方便的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Benchtop/cryofree NMR 台式/无晶体 NMR
IF 1.9 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5449
Boris Gouilleux, Maria Victoria Silva Elipe
<p>Making NMR spectroscopy accessible to a broad scientific community is an ongoing and exciting challenge as this analytical tool plays a central role in many fields of (bio)chemistry. With this in mind, benchtop NMR has enjoyed great success over the last 10 years, whether in academic research, industry, or even educational activities, offering the possibility of using this powerful spectroscopy in situations where high-field NMR is not feasible for economic or practical reasons. Furthermore, the lack of cryogenic fluids in benchtop NMR systems is becoming increasingly important in the current context as the scarcity and unstable pricing of liquid helium are significant concerns for many NMR platforms. This further requires no cryogenic maintenance, skipping routine, and safety concerns when working with cryogenic liquids. It is worth mentioning that the concept of “cryogen-free NMR” is not today limited to low-field permanent magnets, since a new type of cryogen-free power-driven high-temperature-superconducting (HTS) magnet has been recently proposed, which can operate until 9.4 T.</p><p>Current permanent magnets deliver fields of 1–2 T (or even 2.4 T for the most recent systems). While such magnetic fields are reminiscent of the early days of NMR in the mid-20th century, their impressive homogeneity results in narrow line widths (less than 0.5 Hz at half-height), making it possible to go beyond the analysis of highly concentrated small molecules. Furthermore, benchtop NMR has benefited from the most recent methodological developments originally proposed for high-field spectrometers, whether in the design of pulse sequences, signal processing, or data analysis based on algorithms. In particular, the implementation of gradient coils in recent benchtop devices has enabled the use of modern NMR experiments that rely on spatial encoding and diffusion contrast, as well as the application of solvent suppression schemes that are effective on both stationary and flowing samples. These improvements have paved the way for various reaction monitoring on-the-fly in standard reactors or within flow-chemistry platforms, along with quality control applications in different fields. As a result, benchtop NMR is becoming a valuable complement to high-field NMR, especially in environments where the latter is not accessible.</p><p>This special issue, entitled “Benchtop/cryofree NMR,” includes 19 research articles, one educational paper, and, finally, a mini-review exploring the analytical performance of an HTS magnet operating at moderate fields (9.4 T). This issue focuses mainly on NMR spectroscopy (i.e., FT-NMR), with method developments for the analysis of complex mixtures, solvent suppression, and diffusion measurement, while instrumental considerations for sample temperature control are also presented and discussed. The herein articles also present a wide range of applications in reaction monitoring and quality control in different matrices (pharmaceutical,
由于 NMR 分析工具在(生物)化学的许多领域都发挥着核心作用,因此让广大科学界都能使用 NMR 光谱是一项持续且令人兴奋的挑战。有鉴于此,台式 NMR 在过去 10 年中取得了巨大成功,无论是在学术研究、工业领域,还是在教育活动中,都提供了在因经济或实际原因无法使用高场 NMR 的情况下使用这种强大光谱的可能性。此外,在当前情况下,台式 NMR 系统中缺少低温液体正变得越来越重要,因为液氦的稀缺性和不稳定的价格是许多 NMR 平台的重大问题。这进一步要求在使用低温液体时无需低温维护、跳过例行程序和安全问题。值得一提的是,"无低温 NMR "的概念如今并不局限于低磁场永磁体,因为最近有人提出了一种新型的无低温电力驱动高温超导(HTS)磁体,其磁场强度可达 9.4 T。虽然这种磁场让人想起 20 世纪中叶核磁共振的早期时代,但其令人印象深刻的均匀性导致了窄线宽(半高时小于 0.5 Hz),从而使分析高浓度小分子成为可能。此外,无论是在脉冲序列设计、信号处理还是基于算法的数据分析方面,台式 NMR 都得益于最初为高场光谱仪提出的最新方法发展。特别是在最近的台式设备中采用梯度线圈后,现代 NMR 实验得以使用,这些实验依赖于空间编码和扩散对比,以及对静止和流动样品均有效的溶剂抑制方案的应用。这些改进为在标准反应器或流动化学平台中实时监测各种反应,以及不同领域的质量控制应用铺平了道路。因此,台式 NMR 正成为高场 NMR 的重要补充,尤其是在无法使用高场 NMR 的环境中。本特刊题为 "台式/无加密 NMR",包括 19 篇研究文章、一篇教育论文,以及最后一篇探讨在中等场(9.4 T)下运行的 HTS 磁体的分析性能的小型综述。本期文章主要关注 NMR 光谱(即 FT-NMR),介绍了复杂混合物分析、溶剂抑制和扩散测量方法的发展,同时还介绍和讨论了样品温度控制的仪器注意事项。这些文章还介绍了不同基质(药品、食品、环境或生物样品)中反应监测和质量控制的广泛应用,突显了这一新兴分析工具的多功能性。我们感谢 Roberto R. Gil 博士和 Gary Martin 博士(MRC 联合主编)让我们有机会客座编辑本特刊。我们还要衷心感谢 David Rovnyak 的大力支持、合作和热情。最后,我们还要感谢所有欣然同意投稿的研究人员,因为没有他们,就不可能有这期特刊。最后,我们对低场核磁共振领域的杰出研究人员和贡献者 Michael Maiwald 表示哀悼,他在本特刊撰写期间不幸去世。
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引用次数: 0
Investigations on the defect structures for Mn2+ in CdSe nanocrystals and bulk materials and the criterion of occupation for Mn2+ in CdX (X = S, Se, Te) nanocrystals 对 CdSe 纳米晶体和块体材料中 Mn2+ 缺陷结构的研究以及 CdX(X = S、Se、Te)纳米晶体中 Mn2+ 的占据标准
IF 1.9 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5446
Guo-Liang Li, Shao-Yi Wu, Kai-Min Fan

The spin Hamiltonian parameters and defect structures are theoretically studied for the substitutional Mn2+ at the core of CdSe nanocrystals and in the bulk materials from the perturbation calculations of spin Hamiltonian parameters for trigonal tetrahedral 3d5 clusters. Both the crystal-field and charge transfer contributions are taken into account in the calculations from the cluster approach. The impurity-ligand bond angles are found to be about 1.84° larger and 0.10° smaller in the CdSe:Mn2+ nanocrystals and bulk materials, respectively, than those (≈109.37°) of the host Cd2+ sites. The quantitative criterion of occupation (at the core or surface) for Mn2+ in CdX (X = S, Se, Te) nanocrystals is presented for the first time based on the inequations of hyperfine structure constants (HSCs). This criterion is well supported by the experimental HSCs data of Mn2+ in CdX nanocrystals. The previous assignments of signals SI as Mn2+ at the core of CdS nanocrystals are renewed as Mn2+ at the surface based on the above criterion. The present studies would be helpful to achieve convenient determination of occupation for Mn2+ impurities in CdX semiconductor nanocrystals by means of spectral (e.g., HSCs) analysis.

通过对三棱四面体 3d5 团簇自旋哈密顿参数的扰动计算,从理论上研究了 CdSe 纳米晶体核心和块体材料中的置换 Mn2+ 的自旋哈密顿参数和缺陷结构。在簇方法的计算中,晶体场和电荷转移的贡献都被考虑在内。发现在 CdSe:Mn2+ 纳米晶体和块体材料中,杂质-配体键角分别比主 Cd2+ 位点的键角(≈109.37°)大约 1.84°和小约 0.10°。根据超正弦结构常数(HSCs)的不等式,首次提出了 CdX(X = S、Se、Te)纳米晶体中 Mn2+占据(核心或表面)的定量标准。CdX 纳米晶体中 Mn2+ 的超频结构常数实验数据充分证明了这一标准。根据上述标准,以前将 SI 信号指定为 CdS 纳米晶体核心的 Mn2+,现在则重新指定为表面的 Mn2+。本研究有助于通过光谱(如 HSCs)分析,方便地确定 CdX 半导体纳米晶体中 Mn2+ 杂质的占位。
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引用次数: 0
Structural elucidation and complete NMR spectral assignments of Monascus monacolin analogues 莫纳卡林类似物的结构阐释和完整核磁共振光谱赋值
IF 1.9 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5447
Jiachen Liu, Qingjiang Xu, Xin Wang, Xiaoya Shang, Nan Wang

Three new monacolin analogues, 3,6-dihydroxy-monacolin P (1), 6-methoxy monacolin S (2), and 6-methoxy dehydromonacolin S (3), were isolated from a fraction that strongly inhibited 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase from the ethyl acetate portion of red yeast rice ethanol extract. Their structures were determined through a combination of 1D and 2D NMR experiments, mass spectrometry analysis, and known literature reports.

从红曲米乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯部分中强烈抑制 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰-CoA 还原酶的馏分中分离出了三种新的独活素类似物:3,6-二羟基独活素 P (1)、6-甲氧基独活素 S (2)和 6-甲氧基脱水独活素 S (3)。通过一维和二维核磁共振实验、质谱分析以及已知的文献报告,确定了它们的结构。
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引用次数: 0
Full configurational and conformational analysis of artemisinin by one-bond carbon–carbon residual dipolar couplings at natural abundance 通过自然丰度下的单键碳-碳残余偶极耦合对青蒿素进行全面构型和构象分析。
IF 1.9 3区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5443
Clemens Anklin, Roberto R. Gil

Configurational and conformational analysis of the biologically relevant natural product artemisinin was conducted using carbon–carbon residual dipolar couplings (1DCC RDCs) at natural abundance. These RDCs were measured through the 2D-INADEQUATE NMR experiment using a sample aligned in a compressed poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) gel swollen in CDCl3. Singular value decomposition (SVD) fitting analysis of all carbon–carbon bonds, 1DCC RDCs, in relation to the full configuration/conformational space (32 diastereoisomers) of artemisinin, unambiguously identified the correct configuration of artemisinin.

利用天然丰度的碳-碳残余偶极耦合(1DCC RDCs)对生物相关天然产物青蒿素进行了构型和构象分析。这些 RDCs 是通过 2D-INADEQUATE NMR 实验使用在 CDCl3 中膨胀的压缩聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)凝胶中排列的样品测量的。根据青蒿素的完整构型/构象空间(32 种非对映异构体),对所有碳-碳键、1DCC RDC 进行奇异值分解(SVD)拟合分析,明确确定了青蒿素的正确构型。
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引用次数: 0
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Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry
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