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Wave‐driven plant reconfiguration modifies light availability in seagrass meadows
IF 4.5 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12800
Tracy L. Mandel, Longhuan Zhu
Seagrasses are considered foundation species in marine and estuarine ecosystems by contributing biomass, providing habitat, and damping waves and currents. Globally, seagrass health and primary productivity are threatened by factors that affect light availability, such as shading by algae and epiphytes, self‐shading, and increased water column turbidity. This study focuses on how plant motion and reconfiguration lead to shading of an individual plant by itself and its neighbors, and how wave conditions, plant material properties, and shoot density affect light availability along a seagrass blade. We use a simple ray‐optics shading model with the plant motion model of Zhu et al. (2020; Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 125:e2019JC015517) for a flexible blade under wavy flow to understand how phase‐resolved plant behavior affects light availability as a function of vertical location in the water column. Results show that that shading of a plant by its neighbors occurs more under wave crests and troughs, and that factors that increase blade tip excursion (large wave height or wave period, or high plant flexibility) reduce light exposure. We develop a simplified theory and parameterization for average light exposure as a function of flow and plant conditions (as captured by the Cauchy number, buoyancy parameter, and ratio of stem spacing to blade length). These results help delineate optimal conditions for maximizing light exposure to seagrass' photosynthetic tissue in restoration projects, and facilitate the inclusion of flow‐vegetation interactions in biological models of seagrass production.
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引用次数: 0
Ontogenetic shifts by juvenile fishes highlight the need for habitat heterogeneity and connectivity in river restoration
IF 4.5 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12797
Twan Stoffers, Anthonie D. Buijse, Jan Jaap Poos, Johan A. J. Verreth, Leopold A. J. Nagelkerke
Large‐scale anthropogenic river modifications have caused the loss of critical floodplain nursery habitats for riverine fish, leading to population declines. Restoration efforts have been implemented to recover these habitats, but with varying success. Understanding how larval and juvenile fish use habitats in dynamic river environments is essential for improving restoration strategies. We assessed ontogenetic shifts in habitat use by young‐of‐the‐year fishes in the lower Rhine, analyzing 2167 samples across 18 restored floodplains over three growing seasons (2018–2020). Five distinct nursery habitats were identified: (1) exposed, fast‐flowing habitats with coarse substrate; (2) turbid, nonflowing areas with high turbidity and chlorophyll; (3) shallow, vegetated habitats with macrophytes and shoreline vegetation; (4) deeper, sheltered habitats with structural complexity; and (5) shallow, slow‐flowing areas. Habitat use shifted significantly with ontogeny across species. Larvae generally preferred shallow habitats (< 50‐cm depth), either in slow‐flowing areas (e.g., asp, ide, monkey goby, nase, and whitefin gudgeon) or vegetated zones with macrophytes (e.g., bleak, bitterling, bream, round goby, and zander). Juveniles increasingly used deeper habitats (> 50‐cm depth), favoring fast‐flowing areas (e.g., asp, barbel, ide), or deeper, nonflowing habitats (e.g., bream, zander). Our findings thus highlight the critical importance of habitat heterogeneity and connectivity for riverine fish biodiversity. Restoration strategies should prioritize the creation of a mosaic of shallow, low‐velocity habitats for larvae, alongside deeper, fast‐flowing, or sheltered areas for juveniles. Additionally, the movement of rheophilic species from floodplain habitats to the main river channel emphasizes the need for maintaining continuous connectivity between floodplains and the river.
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引用次数: 0
Epiphyton phenology determines the persistence of submerged macrophytes: Exemplified in temperate shallow lakes
IF 4.5 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12808
Alena S. Gsell, Sven Teurlincx, Marta M. Alirangues Nuñez, Sabine Hilt
Submerged macrophytes are key components in many freshwater and marine ecosystems, contributing to ecosystem functions and services. In temperate shallow lakes, spring epiphyton shading can be decisive for submerged macrophyte development, potentially leading to macrophyte collapse and a shift to undesired, turbid conditions. Global change can alter epiphyton phenology; however, the consequences for submerged macrophytes and their stabilizing effects on clear‐water conditions remain to be elucidated. Based on field data, we propose a general epiphyton shading phenology for submerged macrophytes in temperate shallow lake ecosystems. We express the temporal dynamics of epiphyton shading in terms of onset and relative increase (slope) of epiphyton development as well as epiphyton grazing impacts (onset, duration) using a Boltzmann function. This function is added to the ecosystem model PCLake+ as a customizable, macrophyte‐specific shading factor. We then assess how changes in the epiphyton phenology and the presence of grazing on epiphyton affects submerged macrophyte biomass in a generic temperate shallow model lake under control and warm winter scenarios. The results from the model provide a proof‐of‐concept that epiphyton shading can provoke macrophyte loss and shifts between alternative equilibria. Threshold values for critical shifts depend on epiphyton shading phenology. Earlier onset and longer duration of grazing can maintain macrophytes in nutrient or climate conditions under which they would otherwise collapse. Our results show the pivotal importance of epiphyton phenology in determining lake ecosystem‐wide responses stressing the need for better incorporation of epiphyton into both models and monitoring.
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引用次数: 0
Hypoxia threatens coral and sea anemone early life stages 缺氧威胁着珊瑚和海葵的早期生命阶段
IF 4.5 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12798
Benjamin H. Glass, Katie L. Barott
Seawater hypoxia is increasing globally and can drive declines in organismal performance across a wide range of marine taxa. However, the effects of hypoxia on early life stages (e.g., larvae and juveniles) are largely unknown, and it is unclear how evolutionary and life histories may influence these outcomes. Here, we addressed this question by comparing hypoxia responses across early life stages of three cnidarian species representing a range of life histories: the reef‐building coral Galaxea fascicularis, a broadcast spawner with horizontal transmission of endosymbiotic algae (family Symbiodiniaceae); the reef‐building coral Porites astreoides, a brooder with vertical endosymbiont transmission; and the estuarine sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, a non‐symbiotic broadcast spawner. Transient exposure of larvae to hypoxia (dissolved oxygen < 2 mg L−1 for 6 h) led to decreased larval swimming and growth for all three species, which resulted in impaired settlement for the corals. Coral‐specific responses also included larval swelling, depressed respiration rates, and decreases in symbiont densities and function. These results indicate both immediate and latent negative effects of hypoxia on cnidarian physiology and coral–algal mutualisms specifically. In addition, G. fascicularis and P. astreoides were sensitized to heat stress following hypoxia exposure, suggesting that the combinatorial nature of climate stressors will lead to declining performance for corals. However, sensitization to heat stress was not observed in N. vectensis exposed to hypoxia, suggesting that this species may be more resilient to combined stressors. Overall, these results emphasize the importance of reducing anthropogenic carbon emissions to limit further ocean deoxygenation and warming.
海水缺氧正在全球范围内增加,并可能导致各种海洋分类群的有机体性能下降。然而,缺氧对早期生命阶段(如幼虫和幼鱼)的影响在很大程度上是未知的,也不清楚进化和生活史如何影响这些结果。在这里,我们通过比较代表一系列生活史的三种刺胞动物物种早期生命阶段的缺氧反应来解决这个问题:造礁珊瑚束状星系,一种水平传播内共生藻类的广播产卵者(共生科);造礁珊瑚Porites astreoides,一种垂直内共生传播的育苗;以及河口海葵Nematostella vectensis,一种非共生的广播产卵者。幼虫短暂暴露于缺氧(溶解氧<;2 mg L−1处理6 h)会导致这三种珊瑚的幼虫游泳和生长减少,从而导致珊瑚的沉降受损。珊瑚特异性反应还包括幼虫肿胀、呼吸速率降低、共生体密度和功能降低。这些结果表明,缺氧对刺胞动物生理和珊瑚-藻类共生有直接和潜在的负面影响。此外,G. fascularis和P. astreoides在缺氧暴露后对热应激敏感,这表明气候应激源的组合性质将导致珊瑚性能下降。然而,在暴露于缺氧条件下的贝氏夜蛾中没有观察到对热应激的敏感性,这表明该物种可能对联合应激更有弹性。总的来说,这些结果强调了减少人为碳排放以限制海洋进一步脱氧和变暖的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Benthic bacterial communities are shaped by browning in boreal headwater streams 底栖细菌群落是由北方水源溪流的褐变形成的
IF 4.5 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12801
Joanna Brüsecke, Timo Muotka, Kaisa‐Leena Huttunen, Kaisa Lehosmaa, Jussi Jyväsjärvi
Owing to the rapid progress of high‐throughput sequencing technologies, microbial assemblages have gained growing interest in environmental impact assessment. However, research on microbial community responses, particularly those of benthic biofilm, to browning (increased concentrations of dissolved organic carbon [DOC]), is scarce. We used data from 55 boreal streams to examine if biofilm bacterial communities exhibit changes in diversity and community composition along a gradient of browning (3.6–27 mg DOC L−1). Species richness increased slightly with increasing DOC, whereas community composition changed markedly across the gradient, especially in the active community. Pseudomonadota and Bacteroidota were overall dominant bacterial phyla. In the active community, Bacteroidota became relatively less abundant and Pseudomonadota more abundant with increasing DOC. Nitrate‐N (NO3‐N) and DOC were the most important predictors of bacterial community turnover. The greatest change in community composition occurred between 75 and 100 μg NO3‐N L−1. For DOC, the first change point was at the low‐end of the gradient, followed by a major change in strongly brownified waters (> 20 mg L−1). Bacterial communities became phylogenetically more similar than expected by chance as DOC increased. Concordance between bacterial and benthic invertebrate communities was very high, indicating that browning exerts a strong control over both taxonomic groups. Our results suggest that microbial communities, particularly the active portion of the community, may provide a sensitive and reliable tool for stream bioassessment. We defined a threshold‐type response in bacterial assemblages to water browning but more research is needed on microbial responses to multiple simultaneous stressors related to global warming and land‐use intensification.
由于高通量测序技术的快速发展,微生物组合在环境影响评价中获得了越来越多的兴趣。然而,关于微生物群落,特别是底栖生物膜对褐变(溶解有机碳[DOC]浓度增加)的响应的研究很少。我们使用来自55条北方河流的数据来研究生物膜细菌群落的多样性和群落组成是否沿着褐变梯度(3.6-27 mg DOC L−1)发生变化。物种丰富度随DOC的增加而略有增加,群落组成在各梯度上发生显著变化,特别是在活跃群落中。假单胞菌门和拟杆菌门是总体优势菌门。在活跃菌群中,随着DOC的增加,拟杆菌群的数量相对减少,假单胞菌群的数量增加。硝态氮(NO3‐N)和DOC是细菌群落更替最重要的预测因子。群落组成在75 ~ 100 μg NO3‐N L−1之间变化最大。对于DOC而言,第一个变化点是在梯度的低端,其次是在强褐化水域(>;20mg L−1)。随着DOC的增加,细菌群落在系统发育上比预期的更加相似。细菌和底栖无脊椎动物群落之间的一致性非常高,表明褐变对两个分类类群都有很强的控制作用。我们的研究结果表明,微生物群落,特别是群落的活跃部分,可以为河流生物评价提供一个敏感和可靠的工具。我们定义了细菌组合对水褐变的阈值型反应,但需要更多的研究微生物对与全球变暖和土地利用集约化相关的多个同时压力源的反应。
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引用次数: 0
How ecological regimes and emergent macrophytes determine sediment microbial communities: A new insight into typical eutrophic shallow lakes 生态制度和新兴大型植物如何决定沉积物微生物群落:对典型富营养化浅湖的新见解
IF 4.5 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12799
Rujia He, Dayong Zhao, Qi Zhou, Qinglong L. Wu, Jin Zeng
Understanding the response of microbial communities to different ecological regimes in eutrophic lakes and the underlying assembly mechanisms is of great significance for revealing the biodiversity maintenance mechanisms of lake ecosystems under alternative stable states. However, our current understanding of the response of sediment microbial communities under emergent macrophytes to regime shifts remains limited. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, the asynchronous variations of littoral sediment bacterial and fungal communities, regarding the microbial diversities, assembly mechanisms, and inter‐kingdom interactions across three lake regional regimes: macrophyte‐dominated, transitional, and phytoplankton‐dominated. We found the alpha diversities of the bacterial and fungal communities showed opposite trends, as the transitional regime had the highest bacterial but lowest fungal diversities. Stochastic processes, dominated by dispersal limitation, determined fungal community assembly, whereas deterministic processes, especially variable selection, shaped the bacterial community. The highest number of species–environment interactions and proportion of intra‐kingdom interactions were observed in the co‐occurrence network of the transitional regime; however, this network had the lowest proportion of inter‐kingdom (bacteria–fungi) interactions among the three lake regional regimes. Furthermore, the macrophyte‐dominated regime was observed to have the most complex network structure and maintain the highest microbial community stability. The rhizosphere of Phragmites australis enhanced the inter‐kingdom interactions of bacterial and fungal communities. These findings provide a preliminary ecological perspective for understanding the hysteresis of regimes in response to environmental stress at the microbial community level and emphasize the importance of distinguishing ecologically distinct microbial taxa in future studies focused on alternative stable states.
了解富营养化湖泊微生物群落对不同生态制度的响应及其集聚机制,对于揭示湖泊生态系统在不同稳定状态下的生物多样性维持机制具有重要意义。然而,我们目前对新兴大型植物下沉积物微生物群落对状态变化的响应的理解仍然有限。在这里,我们首次展示了沿海沉积物细菌和真菌群落的异步变化,涉及微生物多样性、组装机制和跨三种湖泊区域机制的相互作用:大型植物为主、过渡性植物为主和浮游植物为主。细菌和真菌群落的α多样性呈现相反的趋势,过渡区细菌多样性最高,真菌多样性最低。以扩散限制为主导的随机过程决定了真菌群落的聚集,而确定性过程,特别是变量选择,则塑造了细菌群落。物种-环境相互作用的数量和王国内相互作用的比例在过渡制度的共现网络中观察到最高;然而,该网络在三个湖泊区域体系中具有最低的王国间(细菌-真菌)相互作用比例。此外,研究还发现,以大型植物为主的生态系统具有最复杂的网络结构,并保持最高的微生物群落稳定性。芦苇根际增强了细菌和真菌群落间的相互作用。这些发现为在微生物群落水平上理解环境胁迫响应机制的滞后性提供了初步的生态学视角,并强调了在未来的研究中区分生态上不同的微生物类群的重要性。
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IF 4.5 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12806
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IF 4.5 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12805
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IF 4.5 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12804
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IF 4.5 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12807
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Limnology and Oceanography
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