Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v37i1.6657
F. Aryanti, Elga Chaerul Pasya
Extruder (sistem screw /barel) telah menjadi alat yang sangat penting dalam pengolahan produk akhir plastik. Proses pembersihan residu dalam barel extruder dengan memasukkan bahan pembersih ( purge material) tanpa membongkar mesin disebut purging extruder . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lempung kaolin pada variasi 0, 3, 6, dan 9% dalam bahan pembersih recycled high density polyethylene (HDPE) terhadap warna dan gugus fungsi ekstrudat. Hasil uji warna menunjukkan bahwa seiring penambahan lempung kaolin, warna ekstrudat bahan pembersih semakin bersih dari kontaminasi warna primer PP/ masterbatch . Jumlah optimum penambahan lempung kaolin adalah 6% dengan kandungan masterbatch lebih rendah dibandingkan variasi lainnya karena diperoleh kontaminasi warna dan kandungan gugus fungsi residu yang rendah pada ekstrudatnya.
{"title":"Purge material berbasis campuran recycled HDPE dan lempung kaolin untuk ekstrusi polipropilena dan masterbatch","authors":"F. Aryanti, Elga Chaerul Pasya","doi":"10.20543/mkkp.v37i1.6657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v37i1.6657","url":null,"abstract":"Extruder (sistem screw /barel) telah menjadi alat yang sangat penting dalam pengolahan produk akhir plastik. Proses pembersihan residu dalam barel extruder dengan memasukkan bahan pembersih ( purge material) tanpa membongkar mesin disebut purging extruder . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lempung kaolin pada variasi 0, 3, 6, dan 9% dalam bahan pembersih recycled high density polyethylene (HDPE) terhadap warna dan gugus fungsi ekstrudat. Hasil uji warna menunjukkan bahwa seiring penambahan lempung kaolin, warna ekstrudat bahan pembersih semakin bersih dari kontaminasi warna primer PP/ masterbatch . Jumlah optimum penambahan lempung kaolin adalah 6% dengan kandungan masterbatch lebih rendah dibandingkan variasi lainnya karena diperoleh kontaminasi warna dan kandungan gugus fungsi residu yang rendah pada ekstrudatnya.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47675843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.20543/MKKP.V37I1.6916
D. W. Nurhajati, U. Lestari, Gunawan Priambodo
The use of non-biodegradable material in shoe components has negative impacts on environmental sustainability when disposed into landfills due to poor biodegradability. This study prepared ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA)/modified starch expanded compounds as outsole material to overcome environmental pollution. This research aimed to investigate the effects of EVA/modified starch ratio on the properties of the compound. Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer was blended with a modified cassava starch in various amounts (10-50 phr) using a two-roll mill. Effect of modified starch content was characterized its tensile strength, elongation at break, tearing strength, 50% permanent set, density, abrasion resistance, flex resistance, biodegradability, and morphology. The optimum value of tensile strength (61.33 kg/cm²), elongation at break (895%), and tear strength (16.62 N/mm) were obtained for samples containing 20 phr modified starch. The EVA compound containing 30 phr of starch showed the optimum 50% permanent set (4.85%) and the highest abrasion resistance with the smallest volume loss of 439.99 mm³. The addition of modified starch up to 50 phr provided good flexural resistance to 150000 number of cycles. The morphology image showed that distribution of modified starch particles was not homogeneously dispersed in the EVA/modified starch expanded compound. Incorporation of modified starch in EVA compound was improving its biodegradability.
{"title":"Characterization of ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA)/modified starch expanded compounds for outsole material","authors":"D. W. Nurhajati, U. Lestari, Gunawan Priambodo","doi":"10.20543/MKKP.V37I1.6916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/MKKP.V37I1.6916","url":null,"abstract":"The use of non-biodegradable material in shoe components has negative impacts on environmental sustainability when disposed into landfills due to poor biodegradability. This study prepared ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA)/modified starch expanded compounds as outsole material to overcome environmental pollution. This research aimed to investigate the effects of EVA/modified starch ratio on the properties of the compound. Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer was blended with a modified cassava starch in various amounts (10-50 phr) using a two-roll mill. Effect of modified starch content was characterized its tensile strength, elongation at break, tearing strength, 50% permanent set, density, abrasion resistance, flex resistance, biodegradability, and morphology. The optimum value of tensile strength (61.33 kg/cm²), elongation at break (895%), and tear strength (16.62 N/mm) were obtained for samples containing 20 phr modified starch. The EVA compound containing 30 phr of starch showed the optimum 50% permanent set (4.85%) and the highest abrasion resistance with the smallest volume loss of 439.99 mm³. The addition of modified starch up to 50 phr provided good flexural resistance to 150000 number of cycles. The morphology image showed that distribution of modified starch particles was not homogeneously dispersed in the EVA/modified starch expanded compound. Incorporation of modified starch in EVA compound was improving its biodegradability.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43253304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v37i1.6699
Sri Mutiar, Anwar Kasim, E. Emriadi, Alfi Asben
Tujuan dari studi ini untuk mengetahui persentase kulit mentah yang memenuhi syarat untuk disamak dan kulit mentah reject serta untuk mengetahui tingkat kualitas kulit mentah dari sumber baik dari dalam atau dari luar kota yang menggunakan jasa UPTD penyamakan kulit. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive random sampling terhadap 100 lembar kulit kambing mentah tanpa memperhatikan memenuhi syarat atau tidak sebelum proses penyamakan. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dengan menggunakan Microsoft Excel . Hasil pengamatan panelis di UPTD pengolahan kulit mentah yang memenuhi syarat untuk disamak adalah 93,22±4,15% dan rata-rata kulit reject adalah 6,45±1,33%. Kualitas kulit mentah dari beberapa daerah yang menggunakan jasa UPTD untuk penyamakan kulit sebagian besar adalah kualitas 2 dan kualitas 3. Berdasarkan pengamatan dimensi rata-rata kulit mentah awet garam memiliki luas 4,78 ft 2 , panjang 88,81 cm, lebar 64,31 cm dan ketebalan 1,49 mm. Berdasarkan cacat pada kulit mentah nilai tertinggi disebabkan karena benjolan caplak yaitu 14%.
{"title":"Analisis post mortem kulit kambing mentah yang diolah di UPTD penyamakan kulit Padang Panjang","authors":"Sri Mutiar, Anwar Kasim, E. Emriadi, Alfi Asben","doi":"10.20543/mkkp.v37i1.6699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v37i1.6699","url":null,"abstract":"Tujuan dari studi ini untuk mengetahui persentase kulit mentah yang memenuhi syarat untuk disamak dan kulit mentah reject serta untuk mengetahui tingkat kualitas kulit mentah dari sumber baik dari dalam atau dari luar kota yang menggunakan jasa UPTD penyamakan kulit. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive random sampling terhadap 100 lembar kulit kambing mentah tanpa memperhatikan memenuhi syarat atau tidak sebelum proses penyamakan. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dengan menggunakan Microsoft Excel . Hasil pengamatan panelis di UPTD pengolahan kulit mentah yang memenuhi syarat untuk disamak adalah 93,22±4,15% dan rata-rata kulit reject adalah 6,45±1,33%. Kualitas kulit mentah dari beberapa daerah yang menggunakan jasa UPTD untuk penyamakan kulit sebagian besar adalah kualitas 2 dan kualitas 3. Berdasarkan pengamatan dimensi rata-rata kulit mentah awet garam memiliki luas 4,78 ft 2 , panjang 88,81 cm, lebar 64,31 cm dan ketebalan 1,49 mm. Berdasarkan cacat pada kulit mentah nilai tertinggi disebabkan karena benjolan caplak yaitu 14%.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45590806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v37i1.6307
S. Hanifarianty, Afrizal Vachlepi, M. Purbaya
Thin Pale Crepe (TPC) products are currently increasing in demand by rubber product manufacturers. Its production process is relatively more efficient than crumb rubber, which is Indonesia’s main product. The drying of TPC products still uses air drying from the burning of rubberwood. The use of rubberwood is predicted to be less economical in the future. With an increasing limited natural forest, rubberwood will be an alternative substitute for wood from natural forests. As a result, the economic value of rubberwood will be even greater which will have an impact on the increasing cost of TPC products if it continues to use rubberwood as fuel. Therefore, we need an alternative to rubberwood as an energy source for drying TPC. Sunlight can be an alternative source of energy that can be maximized for the drying process of natural rubber, including in TPC production. This research was conducted in two stages, namely 1) the production of TPC using latex from various clones with several additive dosages, and 2) TPC drying using various renewable energy sources. The results of research activities are in the form of a technology package regarding the TPC production process using renewable energy sources. The results showed that the TPC products produced with various treatments fulfilled SNI 1903-2000. The three clones (BPM 24, PB 260, and GT 1) were able to produce TPC with bright yellow color.
{"title":"The effect of additive dosages on crepe quality produced","authors":"S. Hanifarianty, Afrizal Vachlepi, M. Purbaya","doi":"10.20543/mkkp.v37i1.6307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v37i1.6307","url":null,"abstract":"Thin Pale Crepe (TPC) products are currently increasing in demand by rubber product manufacturers. Its production process is relatively more efficient than crumb rubber, which is Indonesia’s main product. The drying of TPC products still uses air drying from the burning of rubberwood. The use of rubberwood is predicted to be less economical in the future. With an increasing limited natural forest, rubberwood will be an alternative substitute for wood from natural forests. As a result, the economic value of rubberwood will be even greater which will have an impact on the increasing cost of TPC products if it continues to use rubberwood as fuel. Therefore, we need an alternative to rubberwood as an energy source for drying TPC. Sunlight can be an alternative source of energy that can be maximized for the drying process of natural rubber, including in TPC production. This research was conducted in two stages, namely 1) the production of TPC using latex from various clones with several additive dosages, and 2) TPC drying using various renewable energy sources. The results of research activities are in the form of a technology package regarding the TPC production process using renewable energy sources. The results showed that the TPC products produced with various treatments fulfilled SNI 1903-2000. The three clones (BPM 24, PB 260, and GT 1) were able to produce TPC with bright yellow color.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67688423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-29DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v36i2.6140
Erlinda Ningsih, Kartika Udyani, Agus Budianto, N. Hamidah, Siti Afifa
Jumlah limbah plastik bertambah seiring peningkatan penggunaan plastik khususnya pada industri makanan. Limbah plastik merupakan limbah yang sangat sulit diurai dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk terurai. Tutup botol plastik tergolong jenis plastik PP yang penggunaannya disarankan hanya sekali pakai. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran partikel terhadap karakteristik briket dari botol plastik berdasarkan analisis proksimat. Analisis proksimat yang dilakukan adalah kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat menguap, kadar karbon terikat, dan nilai kalor. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu suhu pembakaran 450 °C, waktu pembakaran 60 menit, dan ukuran partikel 40, 60, dan 100 mesh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada ukuran partikel 40 mesh memiliki karakteristik terbaik yaitu kadar air 0,5±0,05%, kadar abu 2±0,25%, kadar zat menguap 15±0,51%, kadar karbon terikat 82,5±0,32%, dan nilai kalor sebesar 9.982,779±240,017 kal/gram. Berdasarkan hasil analisis proksimat dapat disimpulkan bahwa ukuran partikel 40 mesh dapat meningkatkan kualitas briket dibandingkan 100 mesh.
{"title":"Pengaruh ukuran partikel arang dari limbah tutup botol plastik terhadap kualitas briket","authors":"Erlinda Ningsih, Kartika Udyani, Agus Budianto, N. Hamidah, Siti Afifa","doi":"10.20543/mkkp.v36i2.6140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v36i2.6140","url":null,"abstract":"Jumlah limbah plastik bertambah seiring peningkatan penggunaan plastik khususnya pada industri makanan. Limbah plastik merupakan limbah yang sangat sulit diurai dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk terurai. Tutup botol plastik tergolong jenis plastik PP yang penggunaannya disarankan hanya sekali pakai. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran partikel terhadap karakteristik briket dari botol plastik berdasarkan analisis proksimat. Analisis proksimat yang dilakukan adalah kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat menguap, kadar karbon terikat, dan nilai kalor. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu suhu pembakaran 450 °C, waktu pembakaran 60 menit, dan ukuran partikel 40, 60, dan 100 mesh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada ukuran partikel 40 mesh memiliki karakteristik terbaik yaitu kadar air 0,5±0,05%, kadar abu 2±0,25%, kadar zat menguap 15±0,51%, kadar karbon terikat 82,5±0,32%, dan nilai kalor sebesar 9.982,779±240,017 kal/gram. Berdasarkan hasil analisis proksimat dapat disimpulkan bahwa ukuran partikel 40 mesh dapat meningkatkan kualitas briket dibandingkan 100 mesh.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43456944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v36i2.6522
I. N. Indrajati, I. R. Dewi, D. W. Nurhajati
Microfibrillar cellulose (MFC) was derived from local pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) and employed as filler in thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR), that was a blend of natural rubber (NR) and polypropylene (PP). The blends were prepared by dynamic vulcanization. The performance of MFC-filled TPNR on morphology, mechanical properties, aging behavior, and melt flow index (MFI) were evaluated in this study. MFC was synthesized through several processing steps, including extraction, bleaching, acid hydrolysis, and ball-milling mechanical treatment. The blends were made in a fixed ratio of 60/40 (NR/PP) with various fiber concentration. NR/PP was blended in Rheomix internal mixer at 160 °C for 15 minutes with turning rotor of 90 rpm. The results showed that the particle size distribution of MFC was rather broad with some web-like agglomerates. An improvement in tensile strength was observed at low fiber loading. Fiber improved tear strength, but decreased elongation at break as expected. The obtained hardness was independent to fiber loading. The fractured sample of TPNR showed fibrous morphology indicating plastic deformation. MFC decreased the melt flow index of TPNR. The MFI value ranges between 3 – 5 g/10 min. Introduction 1 phr of MFC resulted in ultimate mechanical properties with considerable melt flow.
{"title":"Properties of microfibrillar cellulose filled thermoplastic natural rubber: Morphology, mechanical properties, and melt flow index","authors":"I. N. Indrajati, I. R. Dewi, D. W. Nurhajati","doi":"10.20543/mkkp.v36i2.6522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v36i2.6522","url":null,"abstract":"Microfibrillar cellulose (MFC) was derived from local pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) and employed as filler in thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR), that was a blend of natural rubber (NR) and polypropylene (PP). The blends were prepared by dynamic vulcanization. The performance of MFC-filled TPNR on morphology, mechanical properties, aging behavior, and melt flow index (MFI) were evaluated in this study. MFC was synthesized through several processing steps, including extraction, bleaching, acid hydrolysis, and ball-milling mechanical treatment. The blends were made in a fixed ratio of 60/40 (NR/PP) with various fiber concentration. NR/PP was blended in Rheomix internal mixer at 160 °C for 15 minutes with turning rotor of 90 rpm. The results showed that the particle size distribution of MFC was rather broad with some web-like agglomerates. An improvement in tensile strength was observed at low fiber loading. Fiber improved tear strength, but decreased elongation at break as expected. The obtained hardness was independent to fiber loading. The fractured sample of TPNR showed fibrous morphology indicating plastic deformation. MFC decreased the melt flow index of TPNR. The MFI value ranges between 3 – 5 g/10 min. Introduction 1 phr of MFC resulted in ultimate mechanical properties with considerable melt flow.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41506532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.20543/MKKP.V36I2.6410
Dona Rahmawati, U. Lestari, E. Kasmudjiastuti
Natural dye, as dyeing material, delivers beautiful and distinctive color, synthetic chemical free, easy to get, easy to degrade, and produces non-toxic liquid waste. Natural dyes require mordant to attach the dye molecules into the leather fibers. This study aimed to determine the effect of mordant in the leather dyeing process using natural dyes extracted from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam wood and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. flowers. The treatment was using three kinds of mordant, i.e. alum, citric acid, and zinc sulfate, with pre-mordanting method, 3% by weight of the sheepskins crust leather tanned with chrome and syntan. The result of the dry rub fastness was excellent (score 5). The wet rub fastness of dyed leather with citric acid mordant was good (score 4 - 4/5), while for alum mordant was quite good (score 3/4). Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam wood extract produced better wet rub fastness compared to Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. flowers extract. Citric acid mordant produced colors with the highest brightness level for both natural dyes extracts compared to alum and zinc sulfate. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam wood extract produced a brighter color compared to Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. flowers extract with the same mordant. The visual result of the dyeing process was brownish-yellow.
{"title":"Utilization of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L and Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam extracts as natural dyes for sheepskins leather with different mordants","authors":"Dona Rahmawati, U. Lestari, E. Kasmudjiastuti","doi":"10.20543/MKKP.V36I2.6410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/MKKP.V36I2.6410","url":null,"abstract":"Natural dye, as dyeing material, delivers beautiful and distinctive color, synthetic chemical free, easy to get, easy to degrade, and produces non-toxic liquid waste. Natural dyes require mordant to attach the dye molecules into the leather fibers. This study aimed to determine the effect of mordant in the leather dyeing process using natural dyes extracted from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam wood and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. flowers. The treatment was using three kinds of mordant, i.e. alum, citric acid, and zinc sulfate, with pre-mordanting method, 3% by weight of the sheepskins crust leather tanned with chrome and syntan. The result of the dry rub fastness was excellent (score 5). The wet rub fastness of dyed leather with citric acid mordant was good (score 4 - 4/5), while for alum mordant was quite good (score 3/4). Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam wood extract produced better wet rub fastness compared to Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. flowers extract. Citric acid mordant produced colors with the highest brightness level for both natural dyes extracts compared to alum and zinc sulfate. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam wood extract produced a brighter color compared to Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. flowers extract with the same mordant. The visual result of the dyeing process was brownish-yellow.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43272618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-22DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v36i2.6215
R. S. Murti, H. Susanto, A. Pratiwi
Telah dilakukan penerapan sistem penyamakan kombinasi krom pada kulit ikan kakap merah ( Lutjanus sp .) untuk shoe upper sepatu wanita. Kulit ikan kakap merah merupakan limbah dari industri filet ikan kakap yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk bahan baku industri penyamakan kulit. Kulit ikan kakap merah mempunyai rajah yang unik, menarik, dan eksotis, sehingga memungkinkan untuk dibuat menjadi kerajinan maupun sepatu wanita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kombinasi yang optimum antara bahan penyamak krom, nabati, dan glutaraldehid untuk shoe upper sepatu wanita. Terdapat 3 variasi kombinasi penyamakan yaitu kombinasi krom-krom, kombinasi krom-glutaraldehid, dan kombinasi krom-mimosa. Sifat-sifat mekanis, parameter ekolabel, identifikasi gugus fungsional, morfologi permukaan, dan distribusi unsur-unsur dalam kulit ikan kakap merah tersamak telah diuji. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa sistem penyamakan kombinasi krom-mimosa merupakan formula yang optimum untuk bahan kulit atasan sepatu wanita. Seluruh variasi penyamakan memenuhi persyaratan kriteria ekolabel SNI 19-7188.3.1-2006.
{"title":"Penerapan sistem penyamakan kombinasi krom pada kulit ikan kakap merah (Lutjanus sp.) untuk bahan kulit atasan sepatu wanita","authors":"R. S. Murti, H. Susanto, A. Pratiwi","doi":"10.20543/mkkp.v36i2.6215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v36i2.6215","url":null,"abstract":"Telah dilakukan penerapan sistem penyamakan kombinasi krom pada kulit ikan kakap merah ( Lutjanus sp .) untuk shoe upper sepatu wanita. Kulit ikan kakap merah merupakan limbah dari industri filet ikan kakap yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk bahan baku industri penyamakan kulit. Kulit ikan kakap merah mempunyai rajah yang unik, menarik, dan eksotis, sehingga memungkinkan untuk dibuat menjadi kerajinan maupun sepatu wanita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kombinasi yang optimum antara bahan penyamak krom, nabati, dan glutaraldehid untuk shoe upper sepatu wanita. Terdapat 3 variasi kombinasi penyamakan yaitu kombinasi krom-krom, kombinasi krom-glutaraldehid, dan kombinasi krom-mimosa. Sifat-sifat mekanis, parameter ekolabel, identifikasi gugus fungsional, morfologi permukaan, dan distribusi unsur-unsur dalam kulit ikan kakap merah tersamak telah diuji. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa sistem penyamakan kombinasi krom-mimosa merupakan formula yang optimum untuk bahan kulit atasan sepatu wanita. Seluruh variasi penyamakan memenuhi persyaratan kriteria ekolabel SNI 19-7188.3.1-2006.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42406857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karet alam dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai aditif aspal, baik dalam bentuk lateks, cup lump, dan karet padat (crumb rubber, block skim rubber, dan lain-lain). Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh penambahan crepe rubber dan antioksidan 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-quinoline (TMQ) terhadap karakteristik Marshall. Karet alam mentah dalam bentuk cup lump digiling menggunakan creeper hingga didapatkan crepe rubber dengan dry rubber content >95%, lalu dimastikasi menggunakan open mill. Selanjutnya, crepe rubber dilelehkan pada 200 °C sebelum dicampur dengan aspal pada 165 °C. Kadar crepe rubber dalam campuran aspal bervariasi, yaitu 8, 10, dan 12% (b/b). Selama proses pencampuran ditambahkan antioksidan TMQ dengan kadar 1%, 2%, 3% (b/b). Sampel aspal karet diuji karakteristik Marshall sesuai ASTM D6927. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan penambahan crepe rubber meningkatkan stabilitas aspal dalam menahan beban. Hasil optimum diperoleh dengan perlakuan 10% crepe rubber, 2% TMQ, dan 5,50% aspal, dimana memiliki stabilitas Marshall 1.403,96 kg, VFA 75,90%, VIM 3,07%, VMA 15,34%, flow 3,370 mm, dan MQ 416,605 kg/mm.
{"title":"Karakteristik Marshall dari aspal termodifikasi crepe rubber","authors":"Bahruddin Bahruddin, Arya Wiranata, Alfian Malik, Robby Kumar","doi":"10.20543/mkkp.v36i2.6108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v36i2.6108","url":null,"abstract":"Karet alam dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai aditif aspal, baik dalam bentuk lateks, cup lump, dan karet padat (crumb rubber, block skim rubber, dan lain-lain). Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh penambahan crepe rubber dan antioksidan 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-quinoline (TMQ) terhadap karakteristik Marshall. Karet alam mentah dalam bentuk cup lump digiling menggunakan creeper hingga didapatkan crepe rubber dengan dry rubber content >95%, lalu dimastikasi menggunakan open mill. Selanjutnya, crepe rubber dilelehkan pada 200 °C sebelum dicampur dengan aspal pada 165 °C. Kadar crepe rubber dalam campuran aspal bervariasi, yaitu 8, 10, dan 12% (b/b). Selama proses pencampuran ditambahkan antioksidan TMQ dengan kadar 1%, 2%, 3% (b/b). Sampel aspal karet diuji karakteristik Marshall sesuai ASTM D6927. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan penambahan crepe rubber meningkatkan stabilitas aspal dalam menahan beban. Hasil optimum diperoleh dengan perlakuan 10% crepe rubber, 2% TMQ, dan 5,50% aspal, dimana memiliki stabilitas Marshall 1.403,96 kg, VFA 75,90%, VIM 3,07%, VMA 15,34%, flow 3,370 mm, dan MQ 416,605 kg/mm.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48575660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-29DOI: 10.20543/MKKP.V35I1.4874
D. W. Nurhajati, B. Pidhatika, S. Harjanto
Global problems associated with conventional, non-biodegradable plastics have urged the society to use more eco-friendly biodegradable plastics. In this study, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was co-compounded with cassava-based thermoplastic starch (TPS) to prepare biodegradable plastics (i.e. plastics that can be degraded by microbes), in which three different LLDPE/TPS ratios were studied. Acetic acid was used to hydrolyze the polysaccharides by breaking the branched amylopectin that causes the TPS-containing composites brittle and stiff. The biodegradation properties of the LLDPE/TPS composites were determined by observing the level of microbial growth on the sample surface after incubation with potato dextrose agar medium that was inoculated with Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus niger . Burial test in a humid composting medium was also performed to validate the biodegradation properties. The mass change (%) was calculated in relative to the initial mass before burial test. The physical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) of the bioplastics were determined using universal testing machine before and after burial treatment. The morphology of the sample surface was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the microbial growth increases with increasing TPS content. Negative mass changes were observed on all samples that contain TPS, with increase in the magnitude with increasing TPS content. The tensile strength tends to increase in the first 28 days of burial period in a composting medium then decreases and plateaus, while the elongation at break decreases with increasing burial period. Moreover, samples that contain acetic acid showed less microbial attachment and less biodegradation compared to samples that does not contain acetic acid.
{"title":"Biodegradable plastics from linier low-density polyethylene and polysaccharide: The influence of polysaccharide and acetic acid","authors":"D. W. Nurhajati, B. Pidhatika, S. Harjanto","doi":"10.20543/MKKP.V35I1.4874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/MKKP.V35I1.4874","url":null,"abstract":"Global problems associated with conventional, non-biodegradable plastics have urged the society to use more eco-friendly biodegradable plastics. In this study, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was co-compounded with cassava-based thermoplastic starch (TPS) to prepare biodegradable plastics (i.e. plastics that can be degraded by microbes), in which three different LLDPE/TPS ratios were studied. Acetic acid was used to hydrolyze the polysaccharides by breaking the branched amylopectin that causes the TPS-containing composites brittle and stiff. The biodegradation properties of the LLDPE/TPS composites were determined by observing the level of microbial growth on the sample surface after incubation with potato dextrose agar medium that was inoculated with Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus niger . Burial test in a humid composting medium was also performed to validate the biodegradation properties. The mass change (%) was calculated in relative to the initial mass before burial test. The physical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) of the bioplastics were determined using universal testing machine before and after burial treatment. The morphology of the sample surface was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the microbial growth increases with increasing TPS content. Negative mass changes were observed on all samples that contain TPS, with increase in the magnitude with increasing TPS content. The tensile strength tends to increase in the first 28 days of burial period in a composting medium then decreases and plateaus, while the elongation at break decreases with increasing burial period. Moreover, samples that contain acetic acid showed less microbial attachment and less biodegradation compared to samples that does not contain acetic acid.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45155159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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