Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7422
Ariya Dwi Nugrahanto, A. Kurniawati, Yuny Erwanto
This study aimed to develop bioplastic from a combination of tapioca starch and casein, as well as to determine the physical characteristics, such as thickness, density, light transmittance, and opacity. The composition of the bioplastic was made from two types of casein, namely commercial casein and rejected milk casein, with a ratio of tapioca starch and casein consisting of 4 treatment groups (4:0, 3:1, 2.5:1.5, 2:2). Each treatment was repeated 6 times. The physical characteristics data obtained were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA completely randomized design variance analysis. If there is a difference, it is continued with the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that the ratio of starch and casein had a very significant effect on all test parameters (P<0.01). An increase in commercial casein (CC) and rejected milk casein (EMC) increased thickness and opacity, while density and light transmittance decreased. Based on the research, bioplastic can be made with a combination of different ratios of tapioca starch and casein types with the best result were at a ratio of 2:2 which produced a thickness of 0.29 mm, light transmittance of 20.03%, opacity of 2.51%, while the density had the smallest value at 0.15 gr/cm3. In conclusion, rejected milk casein could be used as biomaterial to make bioplastic combined with tapioca starch.
{"title":"Karakteristik fisis bioplastik yang dibuat dari kombinasi pati tapioka dan kasein susu apkir","authors":"Ariya Dwi Nugrahanto, A. Kurniawati, Yuny Erwanto","doi":"10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7422","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to develop bioplastic from a combination of tapioca starch and casein, as well as to determine the physical characteristics, such as thickness, density, light transmittance, and opacity. The composition of the bioplastic was made from two types of casein, namely commercial casein and rejected milk casein, with a ratio of tapioca starch and casein consisting of 4 treatment groups (4:0, 3:1, 2.5:1.5, 2:2). Each treatment was repeated 6 times. The physical characteristics data obtained were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA completely randomized design variance analysis. If there is a difference, it is continued with the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that the ratio of starch and casein had a very significant effect on all test parameters (P<0.01). An increase in commercial casein (CC) and rejected milk casein (EMC) increased thickness and opacity, while density and light transmittance decreased. Based on the research, bioplastic can be made with a combination of different ratios of tapioca starch and casein types with the best result were at a ratio of 2:2 which produced a thickness of 0.29 mm, light transmittance of 20.03%, opacity of 2.51%, while the density had the smallest value at 0.15 gr/cm3. In conclusion, rejected milk casein could be used as biomaterial to make bioplastic combined with tapioca starch.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45947003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.6775
H. Handayani, M. I. Fathurrohman, N. A. Kinasih, A. F. Falaah
Rubber seal of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) tube valves should fulfill Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7655:2010), which has high n-pentane resistance properties. This study aimed to design a rubber seal compound based on epoxidized natural rubber which fulfill SNI 7655:2010 requirements. The formulation of compound were designed by using epoxidized natural rubber with varied levels of epoxidation. Epoxidation reaction was occurred in an epoxidation reactor at 70 oC for 6 hours with 0.75 mole/mole isoprene unit of hydrogen peroxide and 0.4 mole/mole isoprene unit of formic acid. Mechanical properties, ageing properties, and swelling performance in n-pentane of the modified natural rubber were tested and the result compared to the minimum requirement of SNI 7655:2010. The result showed that the increasing in epoxidation level made natural rubber becomes more polar so it is more resistant to immersion in n-pentane. Epoxidized natural rubber with levels of 40% and 50% fulfilled specifications for volume change in accordance with the quality requirements in SNI 7655:2010. The use of natural rubber created good elasticity to all level of epoxidized rubber where these properties are needed for rubber seal of LPG tube valve. However, the formulas of compound were less resistant to aging.
{"title":"The use of epoxidized natural rubber for producing rubber seals of LPG tube valves","authors":"H. Handayani, M. I. Fathurrohman, N. A. Kinasih, A. F. Falaah","doi":"10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.6775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.6775","url":null,"abstract":"Rubber seal of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) tube valves should fulfill Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7655:2010), which has high n-pentane resistance properties. This study aimed to design a rubber seal compound based on epoxidized natural rubber which fulfill SNI 7655:2010 requirements. The formulation of compound were designed by using epoxidized natural rubber with varied levels of epoxidation. Epoxidation reaction was occurred in an epoxidation reactor at 70 oC for 6 hours with 0.75 mole/mole isoprene unit of hydrogen peroxide and 0.4 mole/mole isoprene unit of formic acid. Mechanical properties, ageing properties, and swelling performance in n-pentane of the modified natural rubber were tested and the result compared to the minimum requirement of SNI 7655:2010. The result showed that the increasing in epoxidation level made natural rubber becomes more polar so it is more resistant to immersion in n-pentane. Epoxidized natural rubber with levels of 40% and 50% fulfilled specifications for volume change in accordance with the quality requirements in SNI 7655:2010. The use of natural rubber created good elasticity to all level of epoxidized rubber where these properties are needed for rubber seal of LPG tube valve. However, the formulas of compound were less resistant to aging.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49605656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7159
D. W. Nurhajati, U. Lestari
The use of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) that was obtained from a blend of thermoplastics and natural rubbers are considered suitable for the automotive application. To modify the performance of TPVs to high-density TPVs, a high-density filler such as bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) was added. The focus of this study was on the development of high-density TPVs based on linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)/natural rubber (NR) blend with different proportions of Bi2O3 filler that meets with requirements for truck floor mats material. The high-density TPVs were prepared by melt blending in a kneader. Bismuth oxide filler loading was varied by 50, 150, 200, 250 phr, and 300 phr. An increase in the weight load of bismuth oxide in TPVs increases density, hardness, and volume loss but reduces the tensile properties, tear strength, and burning rate of high-density TPVs. The test results showed that the TPVs containing 250 phr Bi2O3 was a promising candidate for use as a truck floor base.
{"title":"High-density thermoplastic vulcanizates based on LLDPE/NR for truck floor mats application","authors":"D. W. Nurhajati, U. Lestari","doi":"10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7159","url":null,"abstract":"The use of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) that was obtained from a blend of thermoplastics and natural rubbers are considered suitable for the automotive application. To modify the performance of TPVs to high-density TPVs, a high-density filler such as bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) was added. The focus of this study was on the development of high-density TPVs based on linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)/natural rubber (NR) blend with different proportions of Bi2O3 filler that meets with requirements for truck floor mats material. The high-density TPVs were prepared by melt blending in a kneader. Bismuth oxide filler loading was varied by 50, 150, 200, 250 phr, and 300 phr. An increase in the weight load of bismuth oxide in TPVs increases density, hardness, and volume loss but reduces the tensile properties, tear strength, and burning rate of high-density TPVs. The test results showed that the TPVs containing 250 phr Bi2O3 was a promising candidate for use as a truck floor base.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41963657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7042
Adi Cifriadi, Asron Ferdian Falaah, Santi Puspitasari
{"title":"Korelasi antara sistem vulkanisasi dengan sifat mekanis dan sifat redaman vulkanisat karet butil tanpa pengisi","authors":"Adi Cifriadi, Asron Ferdian Falaah, Santi Puspitasari","doi":"10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43551584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7449
U. Lestari, Gunawan Priambodo, D. W. Nurhajati
The usage of biodegradable foam material in footwear components has positive impacts on environmental sustainability when disposed into landfills. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of polyolefin elastomer (POE) on its properties of foamed EVA/cassava starch composites compared to standards. Foamed EVA/cassava starch composites were prepared by mixing EVA, cassava starch, and additives using a two-roll mill laboratory scale. Content of POE was varied 10-20 phr. The ratios of EVA/cassava starch were varied from 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; and 60/40. Effects of POE were characterized its density, tensile properties, tear strength, permanent set, abrasion resistance, flex resistance, morphology, and biodegradability. It was found that the increase of POE content in EVA/ starch composites increased the density and abrassion resistance, but decreased the tensile strength, elongation at break, and permanent set properties. The best formula of foamed EVA/cassava starch/POE composites for footwear materials contains EVA 80 phr, starch 20 phr and POE 20 phr with density 0.983 g/cm3, tensile strength 22.27 kg/ cm2, elongation at break 645.67%, tear strength 9.42 N/mm, volume loss 88.907 mm, no crack when flexed 150 kcs. These results met the requirements of SNI 0778:2009-Sol Karet Cetak for quality classification 3 of outsoles. The foamed composite containing POE20 has denser morphology than POE10, while the addition of POE has no significance in weight loss after burial test.
{"title":"EVA/starch/POE composite for footwear material: How the chemical composition affects its properties compared to standards","authors":"U. Lestari, Gunawan Priambodo, D. W. Nurhajati","doi":"10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7449","url":null,"abstract":"The usage of biodegradable foam material in footwear components has positive impacts on environmental sustainability when disposed into landfills. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of polyolefin elastomer (POE) on its properties of foamed EVA/cassava starch composites compared to standards. Foamed EVA/cassava starch composites were prepared by mixing EVA, cassava starch, and additives using a two-roll mill laboratory scale. Content of POE was varied 10-20 phr. The ratios of EVA/cassava starch were varied from 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; and 60/40. Effects of POE were characterized its density, tensile properties, tear strength, permanent set, abrasion resistance, flex resistance, morphology, and biodegradability. It was found that the increase of POE content in EVA/ starch composites increased the density and abrassion resistance, but decreased the tensile strength, elongation at break, and permanent set properties. The best formula of foamed EVA/cassava starch/POE composites for footwear materials contains EVA 80 phr, starch 20 phr and POE 20 phr with density 0.983 g/cm3, tensile strength 22.27 kg/ cm2, elongation at break 645.67%, tear strength 9.42 N/mm, volume loss 88.907 mm, no crack when flexed 150 kcs. These results met the requirements of SNI 0778:2009-Sol Karet Cetak for quality classification 3 of outsoles. The foamed composite containing POE20 has denser morphology than POE10, while the addition of POE has no significance in weight loss after burial test.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44236475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.6531
S. Puspitasari, N. A. Kinasih, A. Ramadhan, A. Cifriadi, M. Chalid
Cold retreading technique dominates retreaded tire manufacturing process. The technique applies rubber cushion gum compound as adhesion medium to bond new tread with a worn old tire. High-quality cushion gum compound mainly requires good adhesive strength. Tackiness of the rubber compound can be improved by addition of tackifier resin and rubber processing oil (RPO). The research was aimed to evaluate the performance of various types and dosages of tackifier resin and bio-based RPO to physic-mechanical properties of cushion gum. A method in the manufacture of natural rubber-based cushion gum compound was in accordance with ASTM D3182. Cushion gum rubber compound formula was designed by using bio-based RPO such as pine tar oil at 5 and 12 phr and three types of tackifier resin such as rosin resin, phenolic resin, and hydrocarbon resin at 3 and 7 phr. Petroleumbased RPO and commercial cushion gum were selected as reference material. Curing characteristic and physicmechanical properties test results were used as a reference to determine cushion gum quality. The observation during experiment indicated that natural rubber-based cushion gum compound formulated with addition of 5 phr rosin resin and 5 phr pine tar oil (code ZH4) has the closest curing characteristic and physic-mechanical properties to commercial cushion gum.
{"title":"Natural rubber-based cushion gum compound formulation at various type and dosage of rubber processing oil and tackifier resin","authors":"S. Puspitasari, N. A. Kinasih, A. Ramadhan, A. Cifriadi, M. Chalid","doi":"10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.6531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.6531","url":null,"abstract":"Cold retreading technique dominates retreaded tire manufacturing process. The technique applies rubber cushion gum compound as adhesion medium to bond new tread with a worn old tire. High-quality cushion gum compound mainly requires good adhesive strength. Tackiness of the rubber compound can be improved by addition of tackifier resin and rubber processing oil (RPO). The research was aimed to evaluate the performance of various types and dosages of tackifier resin and bio-based RPO to physic-mechanical properties of cushion gum. A method in the manufacture of natural rubber-based cushion gum compound was in accordance with ASTM D3182. Cushion gum rubber compound formula was designed by using bio-based RPO such as pine tar oil at 5 and 12 phr and three types of tackifier resin such as rosin resin, phenolic resin, and hydrocarbon resin at 3 and 7 phr. Petroleumbased RPO and commercial cushion gum were selected as reference material. Curing characteristic and physicmechanical properties test results were used as a reference to determine cushion gum quality. The observation during experiment indicated that natural rubber-based cushion gum compound formulated with addition of 5 phr rosin resin and 5 phr pine tar oil (code ZH4) has the closest curing characteristic and physic-mechanical properties to commercial cushion gum.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48722961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7025
S. Mulyani, A. Hintono, Neisya Rizki Adefatma, I. F. Pahlawan
{"title":"Ekstraksi kolagen dari kulit kerbau menggunakan asam asetat","authors":"S. Mulyani, A. Hintono, Neisya Rizki Adefatma, I. F. Pahlawan","doi":"10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v37i2.7025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45445669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.20543/MKKP.V37I1.6348
R. Yuliatmo, R. L. M. Wibowo, W. Pambudi, Sofwan Siddiq Abdullah, T. R. Hakim, Y. Erwanto
Leather products are parts of daily fashion in Indonesia, such as bags, shoes, jackets, and gloves. Adulteration of raw materials for leather products can occur if there are no labels on these products. Various methods such as PCR, GC-MS, HPLC, and FTIR have been carried out to distinguish the origin of leather products. The FTIR method is known as an easy and inexpensive method to use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of FTIR spectroscopy and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) for lipid identifcation and initial analysis to distinguish the original materials on leather products. Lipid extracts obtained from the various skin were scanned using an FTIR spectrophotometer at 4000–450 cm -1 . It resulted in spectral differences in several wavenumbers (3000-2800 cm -1 and 1200-1000 cm -1 ). The same result is also found in lipid spectra from leather product extraction. The FTIR spectroscopy and PCA can differentiate pigskin and goatskin through specifc peaks in infrared spectra. This can be used as an initial analysis on determining the existence of skin adulteration in leather products. This study is prospective to be continued by chemometrics as quantitative analysis.
{"title":"FTIR-PCA analysis as an initial analysis to distinguish the origin of skin and leather","authors":"R. Yuliatmo, R. L. M. Wibowo, W. Pambudi, Sofwan Siddiq Abdullah, T. R. Hakim, Y. Erwanto","doi":"10.20543/MKKP.V37I1.6348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/MKKP.V37I1.6348","url":null,"abstract":"Leather products are parts of daily fashion in Indonesia, such as bags, shoes, jackets, and gloves. Adulteration of raw materials for leather products can occur if there are no labels on these products. Various methods such as PCR, GC-MS, HPLC, and FTIR have been carried out to distinguish the origin of leather products. The FTIR method is known as an easy and inexpensive method to use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of FTIR spectroscopy and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) for lipid identifcation and initial analysis to distinguish the original materials on leather products. Lipid extracts obtained from the various skin were scanned using an FTIR spectrophotometer at 4000–450 cm -1 . It resulted in spectral differences in several wavenumbers (3000-2800 cm -1 and 1200-1000 cm -1 ). The same result is also found in lipid spectra from leather product extraction. The FTIR spectroscopy and PCA can differentiate pigskin and goatskin through specifc peaks in infrared spectra. This can be used as an initial analysis on determining the existence of skin adulteration in leather products. This study is prospective to be continued by chemometrics as quantitative analysis.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42464539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.20543/MKKP.V37I1.6069
N. A. Kinasih, H. Handayani, M. I. Fathurrohman, A. F. Falaah
Natural rubber (NR) latex epoxidation is a chemical modifcation of natural rubber to produce natural rubber with higher polarity (oil resistant) which is commonly called epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). ENR is produced from the reaction of natural rubber latex with performic acid. Performic acid is formed from in situ reaction between formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. During epoxidation process, the carboxyl group of natural rubber is converted into epoxy group and various side reaction products such as carbonyl, hydroxyl, and hydro furan. These side products must be minimalized to optimize the epoxy level. The epoxidation reaction was carried out at 70 ° C for 6 hours using 2 types of latex: fresh latex (FL) and concentrated latex (CL). The addition of reactant was varied in two ways: dropwise (coded “1”) and poured all at once (coded “2”). The epoxy product and rate constant (k) were analyzed to obtain optimum reaction condition. The epoxy and side reaction content were determined by Attenuated Resonance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR). The slope of epoxy-time plotting curve was determined as ENR rate constant (k). The optimum NR epoxidation reaction was achieved in CL2, which exhibited lowest value of side reaction and highest value of k (2.8082x10 -5 L mol -1 sec -1 ).
天然橡胶（NR）胶乳环氧化是对天然橡胶进行化学改性，生产出极性更高（耐油）的天然橡胶，通常称为环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）。ENR是由天然橡胶胶乳与过孔酸反应生成的。穿孔酸是由甲酸和过氧化氢之间的原位反应形成的。在环氧化过程中，天然橡胶的羧基转化为环氧基和各种副反应产物，如羰基、羟基和四氢呋喃。这些副产品必须最小化，以优化环氧树脂水平。环氧化反应在70°C下进行6小时，使用2种类型的胶乳：新鲜胶乳（FL）和浓缩胶乳（CL）。反应物的添加有两种方式：逐滴（编码“1”）和一次性倾倒（编码“2”）。通过对环氧树脂产物和速率常数（k）的分析，确定了最佳反应条件。用衰减共振傅立叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）测定环氧树脂和副反应的含量。环氧树脂时间绘制曲线的斜率被确定为ENR速率常数（k）。最佳NR环氧化反应是在CL2中进行的，其副反应值最低，k值最高（2.8082x10-5 L mol-1 sec-1）。
{"title":"The investigation of optimum condition of natural rubber epoxidation reaction in latex phase","authors":"N. A. Kinasih, H. Handayani, M. I. Fathurrohman, A. F. Falaah","doi":"10.20543/MKKP.V37I1.6069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/MKKP.V37I1.6069","url":null,"abstract":"Natural rubber (NR) latex epoxidation is a chemical modifcation of natural rubber to produce natural rubber with higher polarity (oil resistant) which is commonly called epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). ENR is produced from the reaction of natural rubber latex with performic acid. Performic acid is formed from in situ reaction between formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. During epoxidation process, the carboxyl group of natural rubber is converted into epoxy group and various side reaction products such as carbonyl, hydroxyl, and hydro furan. These side products must be minimalized to optimize the epoxy level. The epoxidation reaction was carried out at 70 ° C for 6 hours using 2 types of latex: fresh latex (FL) and concentrated latex (CL). The addition of reactant was varied in two ways: dropwise (coded “1”) and poured all at once (coded “2”). The epoxy product and rate constant (k) were analyzed to obtain optimum reaction condition. The epoxy and side reaction content were determined by Attenuated Resonance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR). The slope of epoxy-time plotting curve was determined as ENR rate constant (k). The optimum NR epoxidation reaction was achieved in CL2, which exhibited lowest value of side reaction and highest value of k (2.8082x10 -5 L mol -1 sec -1 ).","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46411651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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