Pub Date : 2019-07-29DOI: 10.20543/MKKP.V35I1.4759
H. E. Mayasari, N. M. Setyadewi
The NBR/EPDM blend has a great ozone, oil, and heat resistance. Carbon black is the most commonly used filler material for rubber goods. But, it is less environmentally friendly and less healthy friendly. In this study, we will study the use of natural zeolite as a substitute for the filler. This blend was carried out by a two-roll mill and tested by rheometer and tensile strength tester. From the research that has been done, it is known that vulcanizate with carbon black is better than all of the vulcanizate using zeolite as filler substitute. Vulcanizate with CB provide the fastest curing time, the fastest reaction speed and also the best mechanical properties. Vulcanization with the 10 phr zeolite gives the optimum curing time and the best mechanical properties compared to the substitution of other fillers. This shows that 10 phr zeolite (16.7%) can be a suitable filling material for NBR/EPDM blend.
{"title":"Effect of natural zeolite as substrate filler on the properties of NBR/EPDM blend","authors":"H. E. Mayasari, N. M. Setyadewi","doi":"10.20543/MKKP.V35I1.4759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/MKKP.V35I1.4759","url":null,"abstract":"The NBR/EPDM blend has a great ozone, oil, and heat resistance. Carbon black is the most commonly used filler material for rubber goods. But, it is less environmentally friendly and less healthy friendly. In this study, we will study the use of natural zeolite as a substitute for the filler. This blend was carried out by a two-roll mill and tested by rheometer and tensile strength tester. From the research that has been done, it is known that vulcanizate with carbon black is better than all of the vulcanizate using zeolite as filler substitute. Vulcanizate with CB provide the fastest curing time, the fastest reaction speed and also the best mechanical properties. Vulcanization with the 10 phr zeolite gives the optimum curing time and the best mechanical properties compared to the substitution of other fillers. This shows that 10 phr zeolite (16.7%) can be a suitable filling material for NBR/EPDM blend.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43737207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-29DOI: 10.20543/MKKP.V35I1.4347
I. N. Indrajati, I. Setyorini, Indah Kumalasari
Being difficult to degrade, latex compound waste (LCW) should be handled carefully. In this study the possibility of application of LCW for shoe sole was evaluated. LCW was derived from latex-based industry from local factory. It was blended with natural rubber (NR) with the ratio ranging from 100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40 and 50/50. Cure characteristics and mechanical properties including tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness and tear strength, were measured before and after aging. Abrasion loss and slip resistance were also taken account. The results finding showed that crosslink density of the NR/LCW blends were higher than of control. Mechanical properties of the blends were greatly affected by crosslink density. Compared to control, the NR/LCW blends provided lower tensile and elongation, but higher in tear strength, hardness and abrasion loss. Heat aging tended to decrease the mechanical properties. LCW improved the coefficient of friction (CoF).
{"title":"Characteristics of natural rubber/latex compound waste (NR/LCW) blends in the perspective of shoe soles application","authors":"I. N. Indrajati, I. Setyorini, Indah Kumalasari","doi":"10.20543/MKKP.V35I1.4347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/MKKP.V35I1.4347","url":null,"abstract":"Being difficult to degrade, latex compound waste (LCW) should be handled carefully. In this study the possibility of application of LCW for shoe sole was evaluated. LCW was derived from latex-based industry from local factory. It was blended with natural rubber (NR) with the ratio ranging from 100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40 and 50/50. Cure characteristics and mechanical properties including tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness and tear strength, were measured before and after aging. Abrasion loss and slip resistance were also taken account. The results finding showed that crosslink density of the NR/LCW blends were higher than of control. Mechanical properties of the blends were greatly affected by crosslink density. Compared to control, the NR/LCW blends provided lower tensile and elongation, but higher in tear strength, hardness and abrasion loss. Heat aging tended to decrease the mechanical properties. LCW improved the coefficient of friction (CoF).","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45494080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-29DOI: 10.20543/MKKP.V35I1.4502
Jajang Gumilar, W. S. Putranto, Eka Wulandari
Kulit pikel yang di-shaving menghasilkan potongan kulit mengandung kolagen, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan untuk membuat gelatin. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui interaksi dan pengaruh pemberian berbagai konsentrasi asam klorida (HCl) serta waktu curing terhadap kualitas gelatin. Kualitas gelatin diukur berdasarkan kadar air, rendemen, kekuatan gel, dan viskositas. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial yang terdiri dari faktor tingkat penggunaan HCl sebanyak 3%; 5%; 7% serta lama curing 24 jam; 48 jam; 72 jam. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu terdapat interaksi nyata (P<0,05) penggunaan tingkat HCl dan waktu curing terhadap viskositas dan kekuatan gel. Hasil optimum pembuatan gelatin adalah menggunakan HCl sebanyak 3% dengan waktu curing selama 24 jam yang dapat menghasilkan gelatin dengan kadar air 10,9%; rendemen 7,4%; nilai Bloom 174 g; dan viskositas 7,68 cP.
{"title":"Kualitas gelatin yang diproduksi dari limbah proses shaving kulit domba menggunakan curing HCl dengan konsentrasi dan waktu yang berbeda","authors":"Jajang Gumilar, W. S. Putranto, Eka Wulandari","doi":"10.20543/MKKP.V35I1.4502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/MKKP.V35I1.4502","url":null,"abstract":"Kulit pikel yang di-shaving menghasilkan potongan kulit mengandung kolagen, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan untuk membuat gelatin. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui interaksi dan pengaruh pemberian berbagai konsentrasi asam klorida (HCl) serta waktu curing terhadap kualitas gelatin. Kualitas gelatin diukur berdasarkan kadar air, rendemen, kekuatan gel, dan viskositas. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial yang terdiri dari faktor tingkat penggunaan HCl sebanyak 3%; 5%; 7% serta lama curing 24 jam; 48 jam; 72 jam. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu terdapat interaksi nyata (P<0,05) penggunaan tingkat HCl dan waktu curing terhadap viskositas dan kekuatan gel. Hasil optimum pembuatan gelatin adalah menggunakan HCl sebanyak 3% dengan waktu curing selama 24 jam yang dapat menghasilkan gelatin dengan kadar air 10,9%; rendemen 7,4%; nilai Bloom 174 g; dan viskositas 7,68 cP.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47518627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-29DOI: 10.20543/MKKP.V35I1.4629
S. Sugihartono, Dona Rahmawati, A. Priatni, Efa Radnawati
The extraction of fat/oil from fleshing by-products using moist heating (boiled and steamed) produces a fat that contains large amounts of impurities and which is bluish color, whereas when using fatty solvents, it is necessary to dry the ingredients. The purpose of this study was to determine the fat/oil characteristics from fleshing by-products extracted using a combination of wet rendering (temperatures of 80, 90 and 100 °C, and times 1, 2 and 3 hours) with n-hexane. The combined treatment of wet rendering (temperature 90 °C and duration 2 hours) with n-hexane gave rise to the production of fat with the highest yield (11.10% w/w). The higher the temperature and the longer the wet rendering process, results in fat with higher levels of free fatty acid and the saponification value, but the lower the number of peroxides and the darker the color. The fats/oils consist of 37 fatty acid compounds, composed of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. There are six very present fatty acid compounds, namely butyric acid methyl ester, tetradecanoic acid methyl ester, cis-10-pentadecanoic acid methyl ester, palmitoleic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester and trans-9-elaidic acid methyl ester.
{"title":"Extraction of fat/oil from fleshing by-product using a wet rendering process and combination with organic solvents","authors":"S. Sugihartono, Dona Rahmawati, A. Priatni, Efa Radnawati","doi":"10.20543/MKKP.V35I1.4629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/MKKP.V35I1.4629","url":null,"abstract":"The extraction of fat/oil from fleshing by-products using moist heating (boiled and steamed) produces a fat that contains large amounts of impurities and which is bluish color, whereas when using fatty solvents, it is necessary to dry the ingredients. The purpose of this study was to determine the fat/oil characteristics from fleshing by-products extracted using a combination of wet rendering (temperatures of 80, 90 and 100 °C, and times 1, 2 and 3 hours) with n-hexane. The combined treatment of wet rendering (temperature 90 °C and duration 2 hours) with n-hexane gave rise to the production of fat with the highest yield (11.10% w/w). The higher the temperature and the longer the wet rendering process, results in fat with higher levels of free fatty acid and the saponification value, but the lower the number of peroxides and the darker the color. The fats/oils consist of 37 fatty acid compounds, composed of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. There are six very present fatty acid compounds, namely butyric acid methyl ester, tetradecanoic acid methyl ester, cis-10-pentadecanoic acid methyl ester, palmitoleic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester and trans-9-elaidic acid methyl ester.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41909153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-23DOI: 10.20543/MKKP.V34I2.4049
I. N. Indrajati, I. R. Dewi
Accelerator system provides different response onto the rubber compound, and in turn influences its final properties. Accelerators, such as 2,2'-Dithiobis (benzothiazole) (MBTS), N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-Sulfenamide (CBS) and diphenyl guanidine (DPG), has been selected for the study. Response of paired accelerator, MBTS/DPG and CBS/DPG in various ratio, on natural rubber (NR) compound was evaluated. Rheological properties and cure characteristics of the compounds were analyzed using Mooney viscometer and moving die rheometer (MDR) typically. Results findings showed that incorporation of DPG into the system has increased the viscosity of the compound and effected the molecular weight during the process. Further, the addition of DPG also shortened the induction period by reducing the scorch time (ts2) and decreasing the cure time (t90). Binary paired accelerator resulted in poor flow characteristic as a result of strong domination of elastic element. In general, the CBS-based system provided more balance characteristic than those of MBTS-based.
{"title":"Performance of binary accelarator system on natural rubber compound","authors":"I. N. Indrajati, I. R. Dewi","doi":"10.20543/MKKP.V34I2.4049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/MKKP.V34I2.4049","url":null,"abstract":"Accelerator system provides different response onto the rubber compound, and in turn influences its final properties. Accelerators, such as 2,2'-Dithiobis (benzothiazole) (MBTS), N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-Sulfenamide (CBS) and diphenyl guanidine (DPG), has been selected for the study. Response of paired accelerator, MBTS/DPG and CBS/DPG in various ratio, on natural rubber (NR) compound was evaluated. Rheological properties and cure characteristics of the compounds were analyzed using Mooney viscometer and moving die rheometer (MDR) typically. Results findings showed that incorporation of DPG into the system has increased the viscosity of the compound and effected the molecular weight during the process. Further, the addition of DPG also shortened the induction period by reducing the scorch time (ts2) and decreasing the cure time (t90). Binary paired accelerator resulted in poor flow characteristic as a result of strong domination of elastic element. In general, the CBS-based system provided more balance characteristic than those of MBTS-based.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48493453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-23DOI: 10.20543/MKKP.V34I2.4179
A. Ramadhan, A. Cifriadi, H. Prastanto, N. A. Kinasih
The asphalt pavement susceptibility was influenced by traffic load and temperature. Therefore, modified asphalt has been done to improve the asphalt performance. Depolymerized block skim rubber (BSR) was used as asphalt modifier. BSR is a low quality crumb rubber, which made from skim (byproduct of creamed latex). This investigation aims to determine effect of depolymerization of BSR on the physical performance of modified asphalt. Initially, BSR was depolymerized by mechanical action (mastication) with different time of 8, 16, and 24 min. Then, the asphalt modifier, depolymerized BSR was added to asphalt with different ratio 3, 5, 7%. The softening point and mixing time of asphalt were compared with modified asphalt. The performance of modified asphalt showed that asphalt modifiers increased the softening point and mixing time of asphalt. Maximum softening point reached 54.30C by 7% BSR (16 min. of mastication time). The modified asphalt had 25.70C softening point higher than asphalt. It was conclude that depolymerized BSR can increase the performance of asphalt (softening point), although increase the mixing time of it. Moreover, it could give alternative to reduce cost of modified asphalt pavement making.
{"title":"Effect of depolymerized block skim rubber (BSR) on the physical properties of modified asphalt","authors":"A. Ramadhan, A. Cifriadi, H. Prastanto, N. A. Kinasih","doi":"10.20543/MKKP.V34I2.4179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/MKKP.V34I2.4179","url":null,"abstract":"The asphalt pavement susceptibility was influenced by traffic load and temperature. Therefore, modified asphalt has been done to improve the asphalt performance. Depolymerized block skim rubber (BSR) was used as asphalt modifier. BSR is a low quality crumb rubber, which made from skim (byproduct of creamed latex). This investigation aims to determine effect of depolymerization of BSR on the physical performance of modified asphalt. Initially, BSR was depolymerized by mechanical action (mastication) with different time of 8, 16, and 24 min. Then, the asphalt modifier, depolymerized BSR was added to asphalt with different ratio 3, 5, 7%. The softening point and mixing time of asphalt were compared with modified asphalt. The performance of modified asphalt showed that asphalt modifiers increased the softening point and mixing time of asphalt. Maximum softening point reached 54.30C by 7% BSR (16 min. of mastication time). The modified asphalt had 25.70C softening point higher than asphalt. It was conclude that depolymerized BSR can increase the performance of asphalt (softening point), although increase the mixing time of it. Moreover, it could give alternative to reduce cost of modified asphalt pavement making.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49657674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-23DOI: 10.20543/MKKP.V34I2.3967
Sri Mutiar, Anwar Kasim, E. Emriadi, A. Asben
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan tanin dan metode ekstraksi terhadap karakteristik dan kadar tanin dari kulit kayu Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. Kulit kayu diperoleh dari HTI PT. Arara Abadi. Metode ekstrak yang digunakan water bath , ultrasonic bath , autoclave , refluks dan microwave . Ekstrak tanin yang dihasilkan diaplikasikan sebagai bahan penyamak nabati. Ekstrak yang digunakan adalah rendemen tertinggi dari metode yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen tertinggi diperoleh dengan metode autoclave yaitu 29,65%. Hasil analisis kimia dari ekstrak yang dihasilkan kadar tanin adalah 52,79%, bahan larut air 62,40%. Aplikasi ekstrak tanin sebagai bahan penyamak nabati menggunakan kulit kambing dilakukan analisis kimia, pengamatan sifat fisik dan organoleptis. Kualitas kulit tersamak ditinjau dari sifat kimia diantaranya kadar air 15,02%, kadar lemak 3,20%, kadar abu 3,44%, kadar zat larut air 3,57%, kadar zat kulit mentah 43,79%, kadar tanin terikat 30,98% dan derajat penyamakan 70,74%. Pengamatan sifat fisik kulit tersamak yaitu kekuatan tarik 254,21 kg/cm 2 , kemuluran 63,95%, ketahanan zwik/keretakan 9,27 mm (nerf tidak pecah), ketebalan 0,9 mm, warna coklat. Ekstrak kulit kayu A. auriculiformis mengandung tanin dan berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan penyamak kulit.
{"title":"Studi awal tanin dari kulit kayu Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. dari hutan tanaman industri untuk bahan penyamak kulit","authors":"Sri Mutiar, Anwar Kasim, E. Emriadi, A. Asben","doi":"10.20543/MKKP.V34I2.3967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/MKKP.V34I2.3967","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan tanin dan metode ekstraksi terhadap karakteristik dan kadar tanin dari kulit kayu Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. Kulit kayu diperoleh dari HTI PT. Arara Abadi. Metode ekstrak yang digunakan water bath , ultrasonic bath , autoclave , refluks dan microwave . Ekstrak tanin yang dihasilkan diaplikasikan sebagai bahan penyamak nabati. Ekstrak yang digunakan adalah rendemen tertinggi dari metode yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen tertinggi diperoleh dengan metode autoclave yaitu 29,65%. Hasil analisis kimia dari ekstrak yang dihasilkan kadar tanin adalah 52,79%, bahan larut air 62,40%. Aplikasi ekstrak tanin sebagai bahan penyamak nabati menggunakan kulit kambing dilakukan analisis kimia, pengamatan sifat fisik dan organoleptis. Kualitas kulit tersamak ditinjau dari sifat kimia diantaranya kadar air 15,02%, kadar lemak 3,20%, kadar abu 3,44%, kadar zat larut air 3,57%, kadar zat kulit mentah 43,79%, kadar tanin terikat 30,98% dan derajat penyamakan 70,74%. Pengamatan sifat fisik kulit tersamak yaitu kekuatan tarik 254,21 kg/cm 2 , kemuluran 63,95%, ketahanan zwik/keretakan 9,27 mm (nerf tidak pecah), ketebalan 0,9 mm, warna coklat. Ekstrak kulit kayu A. auriculiformis mengandung tanin dan berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan penyamak kulit.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41458431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-23DOI: 10.20543/MKKP.V34I2.3899
S. Sutyasmi, Ike Setyorini, P. Prayitno
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengolah limbah cair brown crepe agar bisa menurunkan beban pencemar. Limbah cair brown crepe diolah dengan menggunakan 3 model pengolahan yaitu dengan pengolahan primer dan adsorpsi, pengolahan dari bak penampung langsung ke sand filter, dan pengolahan primer yang dilanjutkan ke sand filter. Hasil uji laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan adsorben arang tempurung kelapa dapat menurunkan beban pencemaar untuk percobaan 1: COD 75,91%, BOD 73,94%, TSS 95,07% dan N-Amonia 91,23%. Percobaan 2: COD 91%, BOD 95%, TSS 84%, dan N-Amonia 61%. Percobaan 3: COD 65%, BOD 65%, TSS 88% dan N-Amonia 81%. Dari ketiga percobaan semua dapat menurunkan beban pencemar, namun yang paling efektif adalah percobaan 2 karena bisa menurunkan beban pencemar COD dan BOD paling tinggi. Variasi debit yang digunakan pada percobaan 2 tidak mempengaruhi penurunan beban pencemar.
这项研究的目的是处理棕色薄饼的液体废物，以减少污染负担。棕褐色的污水是用三种主要处理方式进行的，即初级处理和附注处理，从蓄水池直接到沙滤镜，然后再到沙滤镜进行处理。实验室测试结果显示，使用椰子壳碳沉淀物可以在实验1:鳕鱼75.91%，BOD 73.94%， TSS 95.07%和n -氨91.23%时降低分量。实验2:鳕鱼91%，BOD 95%， TSS 84%， n -氨61%。实验3:65%的鳕鱼，BOD 65%， TSS 88%， n -氨81%。这三种试验都可以降低污染者的负担，但最有效的是试验2，因为它可以降低鳕鱼和最致命的BOD的负担。2号实验中使用的流量变化并不影响污染者的负担的下降。
{"title":"Cara pengolahan limbah cair brown crepe untuk menurunkan bahan pencemar","authors":"S. Sutyasmi, Ike Setyorini, P. Prayitno","doi":"10.20543/MKKP.V34I2.3899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/MKKP.V34I2.3899","url":null,"abstract":"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengolah limbah cair brown crepe agar bisa menurunkan beban pencemar. Limbah cair brown crepe diolah dengan menggunakan 3 model pengolahan yaitu dengan pengolahan primer dan adsorpsi, pengolahan dari bak penampung langsung ke sand filter, dan pengolahan primer yang dilanjutkan ke sand filter. Hasil uji laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan adsorben arang tempurung kelapa dapat menurunkan beban pencemaar untuk percobaan 1: COD 75,91%, BOD 73,94%, TSS 95,07% dan N-Amonia 91,23%. Percobaan 2: COD 91%, BOD 95%, TSS 84%, dan N-Amonia 61%. Percobaan 3: COD 65%, BOD 65%, TSS 88% dan N-Amonia 81%. Dari ketiga percobaan semua dapat menurunkan beban pencemar, namun yang paling efektif adalah percobaan 2 karena bisa menurunkan beban pencemar COD dan BOD paling tinggi. Variasi debit yang digunakan pada percobaan 2 tidak mempengaruhi penurunan beban pencemar.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45938343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh penambahan pati tapioka terhadap sifat mekanis dan struktur komposit plastik high density polyethylene (HDPE). Komposit HDPE berisi pati tapioka dibuat menggunakan internal mixer Haake Rheomix pada suhu 130°C dan kecepatan rotor 40 rpm selama 15 menit. Pati tapioka sebelum dibuat komposit dicampur lebih dulu dengan gliserol, air dan asam asetat. Jumlah pati di dalam komposit HDPE divariasi 30, 40, 50, 60, dan 70%. Penambahan pati tapioka menurunkan sifat kuat tarik namun meningkatkan nilai perpanjangan putus dan densitas komposit HDPE. Perlakuan aging terhadap komposit HDPE yang berisi pati tapioka ≥ 50% menaikkan sifat kuat tarik namun menurunkan sifat perpanjangan putusnya. Difraktogram XRD komposit HDPE memperlihatkan bahwa penambahan pati tapioka menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran nilai 2-theta dan penurunan intensitasnya. Spektra FTIR komposit HDPE yang berisi pati tapioka memperlihatkan pergeseran panjang gelombang yang diduga terjadinya transisi amorf-kristal.
{"title":"Pengaruh penambahan pati tapioka terhadap sifat mekanis dan struktur komposit high density polyethylene","authors":"Dwi Wahini Nurhajati, Ihda Novia Indrajati, Hesty Eka Mayasari, M. Sholeh","doi":"10.20543/mkkp.v34i2.4138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/mkkp.v34i2.4138","url":null,"abstract":"Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh penambahan pati tapioka terhadap sifat mekanis dan struktur komposit plastik high density polyethylene (HDPE). Komposit HDPE berisi pati tapioka dibuat menggunakan internal mixer Haake Rheomix pada suhu 130°C dan kecepatan rotor 40 rpm selama 15 menit. Pati tapioka sebelum dibuat komposit dicampur lebih dulu dengan gliserol, air dan asam asetat. Jumlah pati di dalam komposit HDPE divariasi 30, 40, 50, 60, dan 70%. Penambahan pati tapioka menurunkan sifat kuat tarik namun meningkatkan nilai perpanjangan putus dan densitas komposit HDPE. Perlakuan aging terhadap komposit HDPE yang berisi pati tapioka ≥ 50% menaikkan sifat kuat tarik namun menurunkan sifat perpanjangan putusnya. Difraktogram XRD komposit HDPE memperlihatkan bahwa penambahan pati tapioka menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran nilai 2-theta dan penurunan intensitasnya. Spektra FTIR komposit HDPE yang berisi pati tapioka memperlihatkan pergeseran panjang gelombang yang diduga terjadinya transisi amorf-kristal.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44136205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-17DOI: 10.20543/MKKP.V34I1.3893
E. Kasmudjiastuti, G. Griyanitasari, Dona Rahmawati, Sugihartono Sugihartono
Fungsi minyak pada proses peminyakan kulit untuk menjaga agar serat kulit tetap terpisah selama proses pengeringan dan untuk mengurangi gaya gesekan dalam tenunan serat, sehingga kulit menjadi fleksibel. Tujuan penelitian untuk mensintesis minyak kelapa sawit menjadi minyak sulfat melalui proses sulfatasi dan karakterisasi minyak kelapa sawit dan minyak sulfat yang dihasilkan dari proses sulfatasi. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi sintesis minyak kelapa sawit menggunakan 25% H2SO4 selama 3 jam, suhu <20oC, kecepatan 300 rpm. Hasil karakterisasi minyak kelapa sawit menunjukkan angka Iodin 49,95 mg I2/minyak; asam lemak bebas 0,05%; kadar air 0,18%; angka peroksida 16,23 mg/kg; angka asam 0,19 mg KOH/gr. Asam lemak jenuh yang dominan adalah metil palmitat dan metil butirat, sedangkan asam lemak tidak jenuh yang dominan cis-9-oleic methyl ester dan metil linoleat. Minyak sulfat yang dihasilkan mempunyai kadar air 6,47%; pH 8; kadar minyak 81,28%; total alkalinitas 0,25%, angka penyabunan 192,74%; kadar abu 2,77% dan kadar SO3 terikat 7,68%. Hasil uji kekuatan tarik kulit tersamak adalah 286,50 kg/cm2 dan kemuluran 63,33%. Kata kunci: minyak kelapa sawit, asam sulfat, sulfonasi, minyak sulfat, peminyakan.
{"title":"Sintesis dan karakterisasi minyak kelapa sawit untuk agensia peminyakan pada penyamakan kulit","authors":"E. Kasmudjiastuti, G. Griyanitasari, Dona Rahmawati, Sugihartono Sugihartono","doi":"10.20543/MKKP.V34I1.3893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20543/MKKP.V34I1.3893","url":null,"abstract":"Fungsi minyak pada proses peminyakan kulit untuk menjaga agar serat kulit tetap terpisah selama proses pengeringan dan untuk mengurangi gaya gesekan dalam tenunan serat, sehingga kulit menjadi fleksibel. Tujuan penelitian untuk mensintesis minyak kelapa sawit menjadi minyak sulfat melalui proses sulfatasi dan karakterisasi minyak kelapa sawit dan minyak sulfat yang dihasilkan dari proses sulfatasi. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi sintesis minyak kelapa sawit menggunakan 25% H2SO4 selama 3 jam, suhu <20oC, kecepatan 300 rpm. Hasil karakterisasi minyak kelapa sawit menunjukkan angka Iodin 49,95 mg I2/minyak; asam lemak bebas 0,05%; kadar air 0,18%; angka peroksida 16,23 mg/kg; angka asam 0,19 mg KOH/gr. Asam lemak jenuh yang dominan adalah metil palmitat dan metil butirat, sedangkan asam lemak tidak jenuh yang dominan cis-9-oleic methyl ester dan metil linoleat. Minyak sulfat yang dihasilkan mempunyai kadar air 6,47%; pH 8; kadar minyak 81,28%; total alkalinitas 0,25%, angka penyabunan 192,74%; kadar abu 2,77% dan kadar SO3 terikat 7,68%. Hasil uji kekuatan tarik kulit tersamak adalah 286,50 kg/cm2 dan kemuluran 63,33%. Kata kunci: minyak kelapa sawit, asam sulfat, sulfonasi, minyak sulfat, peminyakan.","PeriodicalId":18167,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41605854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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