Heart failure (HF) remains a significant burden on global healthcare systems, necessitating innovative approaches for its management. This manuscript critically evaluates the role of remote monitoring and telemedicine in revolutionizing HF care delivery. Drawing upon a synthesis of current literature and clinical practices, it delineates the pivotal benefits, challenges, and personalized strategies associated with these technologies in HF management. The analysis highlights the potential of remote monitoring and telemedicine in facilitating timely interventions, enhancing patient engagement, and optimizing treatment adherence, thereby ameliorating clinical outcomes. However, technical intricacies, regulatory frameworks, and socioeconomic factors pose formidable hurdles to widespread adoption. The manuscript emphasizes the imperative of tailored interventions, leveraging advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, to address individual patient needs effectively. Looking forward, sustained innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and strategic investment are advocated to realize the transformative potential of remote monitoring and telemedicine in HF management, thereby advancing patient-centric care paradigms and optimizing healthcare resource allocation.
{"title":"Unveiling the Potential: Remote Monitoring and Telemedicine in Shaping the Future of Heart Failure Management","authors":"Ju-Chi Liu, Chun-Yao Cheng, Tzu-Hurng Cheng, Chen-Ning Liu, Jin-jer Chen, Wen-Rui Hao","doi":"10.3390/life14080936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/life14080936","url":null,"abstract":"Heart failure (HF) remains a significant burden on global healthcare systems, necessitating innovative approaches for its management. This manuscript critically evaluates the role of remote monitoring and telemedicine in revolutionizing HF care delivery. Drawing upon a synthesis of current literature and clinical practices, it delineates the pivotal benefits, challenges, and personalized strategies associated with these technologies in HF management. The analysis highlights the potential of remote monitoring and telemedicine in facilitating timely interventions, enhancing patient engagement, and optimizing treatment adherence, thereby ameliorating clinical outcomes. However, technical intricacies, regulatory frameworks, and socioeconomic factors pose formidable hurdles to widespread adoption. The manuscript emphasizes the imperative of tailored interventions, leveraging advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, to address individual patient needs effectively. Looking forward, sustained innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and strategic investment are advocated to realize the transformative potential of remote monitoring and telemedicine in HF management, thereby advancing patient-centric care paradigms and optimizing healthcare resource allocation.","PeriodicalId":18182,"journal":{"name":"Life","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming Ying Gan, Freda Zhi Yun Chua, Z. Y. Chang, Yan Ting Chua, G. Chan
Purpose of Review: IgA vasculitis (IgAV), formerly Henoch–Schonlein purpura, is the most common systemic vasculitis in childhood. In adults, however, this condition is poorly understood, yet associated with more severe disease and poorer outcomes. This necessitates the need for early diagnosis and management. Scope of Review: We describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of IgAV in adults. Poor outcomes are often due to the high frequency of glomerulonephritis in IgAV-IgA vasculitis-associated nephritis (IgAVN). We hence also aim to summarize the latest clinical data regarding treatment strategies in IgAVN. The diagnosis and differentiation in histology between IgAVN and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) remain a challenge. Review of treatment therapies: Pathological mechanisms between IgAVN and IgAN appear to be consistent between the two, and data from IgAN are often extrapolated to IgAVN. The role of various immunosuppression therapies remains controversial, and in this review, we will discuss immunosuppression use and highlight evidence surrounding emerging and promising novel therapies in IgAVN/IgAN. Our aim for this review is to guide future treatment strategies and direct future studies.
{"title":"Navigating Adult-Onset IgA Vasculitis-Associated Nephritis","authors":"Ming Ying Gan, Freda Zhi Yun Chua, Z. Y. Chang, Yan Ting Chua, G. Chan","doi":"10.3390/life14080930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/life14080930","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of Review: IgA vasculitis (IgAV), formerly Henoch–Schonlein purpura, is the most common systemic vasculitis in childhood. In adults, however, this condition is poorly understood, yet associated with more severe disease and poorer outcomes. This necessitates the need for early diagnosis and management. Scope of Review: We describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of IgAV in adults. Poor outcomes are often due to the high frequency of glomerulonephritis in IgAV-IgA vasculitis-associated nephritis (IgAVN). We hence also aim to summarize the latest clinical data regarding treatment strategies in IgAVN. The diagnosis and differentiation in histology between IgAVN and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) remain a challenge. Review of treatment therapies: Pathological mechanisms between IgAVN and IgAN appear to be consistent between the two, and data from IgAN are often extrapolated to IgAVN. The role of various immunosuppression therapies remains controversial, and in this review, we will discuss immunosuppression use and highlight evidence surrounding emerging and promising novel therapies in IgAVN/IgAN. Our aim for this review is to guide future treatment strategies and direct future studies.","PeriodicalId":18182,"journal":{"name":"Life","volume":"26 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The core autocatalytic cycle of the formose reaction may be enhanced or eroded by the presence of simple molecules at life’s origin. Utilizing quantum chemistry, we calculate the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions both within the core cycle and those that deplete the reactants and intermediates, such as the Cannizzaro reaction. We find that via disproportionation of aldehydes into carboxylic acids and alcohols, the Cannizzaro reaction furnishes simple catalysts for a variety of reactions. We also find that ammonia can catalyze both in-cycle and Cannizzaro reactions while hydrogen sulfide does not; both, however, play a role in sequestering reactants and intermediates in the web of potential reactions.
{"title":"Exploring the Core Formose Cycle: Catalysis and Competition","authors":"J. Kua, L. P. Tripoli","doi":"10.3390/life14080933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/life14080933","url":null,"abstract":"The core autocatalytic cycle of the formose reaction may be enhanced or eroded by the presence of simple molecules at life’s origin. Utilizing quantum chemistry, we calculate the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions both within the core cycle and those that deplete the reactants and intermediates, such as the Cannizzaro reaction. We find that via disproportionation of aldehydes into carboxylic acids and alcohols, the Cannizzaro reaction furnishes simple catalysts for a variety of reactions. We also find that ammonia can catalyze both in-cycle and Cannizzaro reactions while hydrogen sulfide does not; both, however, play a role in sequestering reactants and intermediates in the web of potential reactions.","PeriodicalId":18182,"journal":{"name":"Life","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kohei Yasuda, Daisuke Chinda, Tadashi Shimoyama, Tetsu Arai, Kazuki Akitaya, Sae Fujiwara, Hiroki Nomiya, Yoshio Sasaki, Kazuo Komai, Yoshihiko Sawada, Yoshiharu Saito, H. Chiba, H. Sakuraba, S. Fukuda
Functional dyspepsia is distinguishable from Helicobacter pylori-associated dyspepsia. However, distinguishing H. pylori-associated dyspepsia from functional dyspepsia before H. pylori eradication is difficult. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate whether serum pepsinogen levels before H. pylori eradication are associated with the amelioration of dyspepsia after successful H. pylori eradication. Additionally, we examined the usefulness of serum pepsinogen levels and other factors in predicting dyspepsia outcomes. H. pylori eradication was effective in 14 patients (Responders) and ineffective in 19 patients (Non-responders). The pepsinogen I/II ratio in Responders (3.4 ± 1.2) and Non-responders (2.3 ± 1.0) differed significantly (p = 0.006). The optimal cut-off pepsinogen I/II value was 2.3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio for Non-responders was 26.1 (95% confidence interval: 2.0–338.0, p = 0.012) for a pepsinogen I/II ratio ≤ 2.3 and 8.10 (95% confidence interval: 1.1–57.6, p = 0.037) for smoking habits. The pepsinogen I/II ratio and smoking habits were associated with the effects of H. pylori eradication on dyspeptic symptoms. Thus, the pepsinogen I/II ratio cut-off value can be used to identify patients likely to respond to H. pylori eradication after the resolution of dyspeptic symptoms.
{"title":"Factors Predicting Effectiveness of Eradication Therapy for Helicobacter pylori-Associated Dyspepsia Symptoms","authors":"Kohei Yasuda, Daisuke Chinda, Tadashi Shimoyama, Tetsu Arai, Kazuki Akitaya, Sae Fujiwara, Hiroki Nomiya, Yoshio Sasaki, Kazuo Komai, Yoshihiko Sawada, Yoshiharu Saito, H. Chiba, H. Sakuraba, S. Fukuda","doi":"10.3390/life14080935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/life14080935","url":null,"abstract":"Functional dyspepsia is distinguishable from Helicobacter pylori-associated dyspepsia. However, distinguishing H. pylori-associated dyspepsia from functional dyspepsia before H. pylori eradication is difficult. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate whether serum pepsinogen levels before H. pylori eradication are associated with the amelioration of dyspepsia after successful H. pylori eradication. Additionally, we examined the usefulness of serum pepsinogen levels and other factors in predicting dyspepsia outcomes. H. pylori eradication was effective in 14 patients (Responders) and ineffective in 19 patients (Non-responders). The pepsinogen I/II ratio in Responders (3.4 ± 1.2) and Non-responders (2.3 ± 1.0) differed significantly (p = 0.006). The optimal cut-off pepsinogen I/II value was 2.3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio for Non-responders was 26.1 (95% confidence interval: 2.0–338.0, p = 0.012) for a pepsinogen I/II ratio ≤ 2.3 and 8.10 (95% confidence interval: 1.1–57.6, p = 0.037) for smoking habits. The pepsinogen I/II ratio and smoking habits were associated with the effects of H. pylori eradication on dyspeptic symptoms. Thus, the pepsinogen I/II ratio cut-off value can be used to identify patients likely to respond to H. pylori eradication after the resolution of dyspeptic symptoms.","PeriodicalId":18182,"journal":{"name":"Life","volume":"46 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Potestio, Michela D'Agostino, Antonio Portarapillo, Valeria Esposito, Nello Tommasino, Antonia Salsano, Luigi Guerriero, F. Martora, M. Megna
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare, papulosquamous, inflammatory skin disease. PRP represents a therapeutic challenge. The rarity of this disease and its possible spontaneous remission makes the conduction and interpretation of therapeutic studies particularly difficult. Moreover, PRP not infrequently proves resistant to common topical and conventional systemic therapies. In this context, numerous biologic agents have been reported in PRP treatment. The aim of our manuscript was to review the current literature to evaluate the possible role of biologics targeting the IL17/23 axis in PRP management. Recent cases in the literature have highlighted the use of several promising drugs: IL-17 inhibitors, IL-23 inhibitors, and the IL-12/23p40 inhibitor ustekinumab. However, it should be noted that all these drugs are approved for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and their use in PRP is off label. The treatment of PRP is based on clinical experience, case reports or case series reported in the literature, as randomized controlled trials are difficult to conduct due to the rarity of the condition. Despite data on the efficacy of drugs targeting IL-17 and IL-23 being promising, they are still limited. Certainly, further studies are desirable to better characterize PRP and establish shared guidelines.
{"title":"Emerging Role of Biologic Drugs Targeting IL-17 and IL-23: Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris","authors":"L. Potestio, Michela D'Agostino, Antonio Portarapillo, Valeria Esposito, Nello Tommasino, Antonia Salsano, Luigi Guerriero, F. Martora, M. Megna","doi":"10.3390/life14080923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/life14080923","url":null,"abstract":"Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare, papulosquamous, inflammatory skin disease. PRP represents a therapeutic challenge. The rarity of this disease and its possible spontaneous remission makes the conduction and interpretation of therapeutic studies particularly difficult. Moreover, PRP not infrequently proves resistant to common topical and conventional systemic therapies. In this context, numerous biologic agents have been reported in PRP treatment. The aim of our manuscript was to review the current literature to evaluate the possible role of biologics targeting the IL17/23 axis in PRP management. Recent cases in the literature have highlighted the use of several promising drugs: IL-17 inhibitors, IL-23 inhibitors, and the IL-12/23p40 inhibitor ustekinumab. However, it should be noted that all these drugs are approved for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and their use in PRP is off label. The treatment of PRP is based on clinical experience, case reports or case series reported in the literature, as randomized controlled trials are difficult to conduct due to the rarity of the condition. Despite data on the efficacy of drugs targeting IL-17 and IL-23 being promising, they are still limited. Certainly, further studies are desirable to better characterize PRP and establish shared guidelines.","PeriodicalId":18182,"journal":{"name":"Life","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luisa Strahler, Alex Horky, Stephan Spahn, Franz Bahlmann, Elise Gradhand
In Germany, there is currently no official guideline for the submission of placentas for histopathological examination. Placentas are sent for histological examination by obstetricians according to locally defined indications, which leads to different practices in different centers. In this study, two cohorts of placentas were compared to assess the clinical relevance of placental examination. One cohort consisted of placentas with a clinical indication for histologic examination and the other of placentas with a clinically healthy pregnancy and a healthy infant. In this study, a placenta request form based on established international guidelines was used. Placentas from singleton and twin pregnancies with and without clinical indications were histopathologically examined. Clinical information was extracted from the request form and later correlated with histological findings. A total of 236 placentas were examined, including 127 (53.8%) with clinical indications and 109 (46.2%) without. The concordance between submission reasons and histopathological findings was higher in singleton pregnancies with clinical indications (90.9%) compared to twin pregnancies (62.97%). Placentas from singleton and twin pregnancies with clinical indications exhibited significantly more pathological findings than their respective healthy control groups. Histopathological examination of the placenta can confirm or reveal placenta pathologies and therefore improve the care of the mother, child and future pregnancies.
{"title":"Unveiling Clinical Relevance: Investigating Placentas Submitted for Histological Examination and Their Correlation with Clinical Indications and Histological Findings","authors":"Luisa Strahler, Alex Horky, Stephan Spahn, Franz Bahlmann, Elise Gradhand","doi":"10.3390/life14080927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/life14080927","url":null,"abstract":"In Germany, there is currently no official guideline for the submission of placentas for histopathological examination. Placentas are sent for histological examination by obstetricians according to locally defined indications, which leads to different practices in different centers. In this study, two cohorts of placentas were compared to assess the clinical relevance of placental examination. One cohort consisted of placentas with a clinical indication for histologic examination and the other of placentas with a clinically healthy pregnancy and a healthy infant. In this study, a placenta request form based on established international guidelines was used. Placentas from singleton and twin pregnancies with and without clinical indications were histopathologically examined. Clinical information was extracted from the request form and later correlated with histological findings. A total of 236 placentas were examined, including 127 (53.8%) with clinical indications and 109 (46.2%) without. The concordance between submission reasons and histopathological findings was higher in singleton pregnancies with clinical indications (90.9%) compared to twin pregnancies (62.97%). Placentas from singleton and twin pregnancies with clinical indications exhibited significantly more pathological findings than their respective healthy control groups. Histopathological examination of the placenta can confirm or reveal placenta pathologies and therefore improve the care of the mother, child and future pregnancies.","PeriodicalId":18182,"journal":{"name":"Life","volume":"69 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a complex surgical procedure performed in patients with periampullary tumors located within the pancreatic head, the papilla of Vater, the distal common bile duct, and the duodenum. In advanced tumors, the operative technique involves the need for dissection and divestment of the arteries located within the pancreaticoduodenal field, including the common hepatic artery (CHA) and the proper hepatic artery (PHA) and its branches. The second most important cause of post-PD visceral aneurysms is irritation of the peri-pancreatic arterial wall by pancreatic juice in a postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm (HAP) is a very dangerous condition because it is usually asymptomatic, but it is a rare and potentially lethal pathology because of the high risk of its rupture. Therefore, HAP requires treatment. Currently, selective celiac angiography is the gold-standard diagnostic and therapeutic management for postoperative bleeding and pseudoaneurysm in patients following PD. Open surgery and less invasive endovascular treatment are performed in patients with HAP. Endovascular treatment involves transarterial embolization (TAE) and stent graft implantation. The choice of treatment method depends on the general and local conditions, such as the patient’s hemodynamic stability and arterial anatomy. In patients in whom preservation of the flow within the hepatic artery (to prevent hepatic ischemia complications such as liver infarction, abscess, or failure) is needed, stent graft implantation is the treatment of choice. This article focuses on a review of two common methods for endovascular HAP treatment. In addition, risk factors and diagnostic tools have been described.
{"title":"Endovascular Treatment of Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm after Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Literature Review","authors":"B. Jabłońska, Sławomir Mrowiec","doi":"10.3390/life14080920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/life14080920","url":null,"abstract":"Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a complex surgical procedure performed in patients with periampullary tumors located within the pancreatic head, the papilla of Vater, the distal common bile duct, and the duodenum. In advanced tumors, the operative technique involves the need for dissection and divestment of the arteries located within the pancreaticoduodenal field, including the common hepatic artery (CHA) and the proper hepatic artery (PHA) and its branches. The second most important cause of post-PD visceral aneurysms is irritation of the peri-pancreatic arterial wall by pancreatic juice in a postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm (HAP) is a very dangerous condition because it is usually asymptomatic, but it is a rare and potentially lethal pathology because of the high risk of its rupture. Therefore, HAP requires treatment. Currently, selective celiac angiography is the gold-standard diagnostic and therapeutic management for postoperative bleeding and pseudoaneurysm in patients following PD. Open surgery and less invasive endovascular treatment are performed in patients with HAP. Endovascular treatment involves transarterial embolization (TAE) and stent graft implantation. The choice of treatment method depends on the general and local conditions, such as the patient’s hemodynamic stability and arterial anatomy. In patients in whom preservation of the flow within the hepatic artery (to prevent hepatic ischemia complications such as liver infarction, abscess, or failure) is needed, stent graft implantation is the treatment of choice. This article focuses on a review of two common methods for endovascular HAP treatment. In addition, risk factors and diagnostic tools have been described.","PeriodicalId":18182,"journal":{"name":"Life","volume":"54 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angelo Angione, Jonathan Patterson, Ebrar Akca, Jessica Xu, Emily Xu, Vanessa Raab, Omar Elghawy, Adam Barsouk, Jonathan H. Sussman
High-grade glioma is the most frequent and lethal primary tumor of the central nervous system. Despite advances in surgical, pharmacological, and cell-directed therapies, there have been no updates to the standard of care in over a decade. This cross-sectional study analyzes patient and trial data from 201 interventional trials completed between 2010 and 2023, encompassing 18,563 participants. Although we found that all trials reported participant age and sex, only 52% of trials reported participant demographics, resulting in 51% of total participant demographics being unreported. The majority of studies did not report ethnicity, with approximately 60% of participants unreported. Additionally, males were significantly underrepresented in trials, comprising 60% of participants despite representing 75% of glioblastoma patients. Improved demographic reporting has been observed since 2011; however, it is inconsistent. Furthermore, we cataloged the geographic diversity of trials across the United States and found significant coverage deserts in relatively rural, but highly affected, areas such as Montana and Maine. We found a wider distribution of trials in both urban and wealthier regions, which indicates extensive coverage gaps and decreased access to participation for patients of a lower socioeconomic status.
{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Interventional Clinical Trials in High-Grade Glioma Therapy","authors":"Angelo Angione, Jonathan Patterson, Ebrar Akca, Jessica Xu, Emily Xu, Vanessa Raab, Omar Elghawy, Adam Barsouk, Jonathan H. Sussman","doi":"10.3390/life14080926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/life14080926","url":null,"abstract":"High-grade glioma is the most frequent and lethal primary tumor of the central nervous system. Despite advances in surgical, pharmacological, and cell-directed therapies, there have been no updates to the standard of care in over a decade. This cross-sectional study analyzes patient and trial data from 201 interventional trials completed between 2010 and 2023, encompassing 18,563 participants. Although we found that all trials reported participant age and sex, only 52% of trials reported participant demographics, resulting in 51% of total participant demographics being unreported. The majority of studies did not report ethnicity, with approximately 60% of participants unreported. Additionally, males were significantly underrepresented in trials, comprising 60% of participants despite representing 75% of glioblastoma patients. Improved demographic reporting has been observed since 2011; however, it is inconsistent. Furthermore, we cataloged the geographic diversity of trials across the United States and found significant coverage deserts in relatively rural, but highly affected, areas such as Montana and Maine. We found a wider distribution of trials in both urban and wealthier regions, which indicates extensive coverage gaps and decreased access to participation for patients of a lower socioeconomic status.","PeriodicalId":18182,"journal":{"name":"Life","volume":"67 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luciana R. Tallini, Karen Acosta León, Raúl Chamorro, Edison Osorio, Jaume Bastida, Lou Jost, N. Oleas
Ecuador is an important center of biodiversity for the plant subfamily Amaryllidoideae, known for its important bioactive molecules. This study aimed to assess the chemical and biological potential of four different Amaryllidoideae species collected in Ecuador: Urceolina formosa, Urceolina ruthiana, Clinanthus incarnatus, and Stenomesson aurantiacum. Twenty-six alkaloids were identified in the bulb extracts of these species using GC-MS. The extract of S. aurantiacum exhibited the greatest structural diversity and contained the highest amounts of alkaloids, particularly lycorine and galanthamine. Only for this species, identification of all the alkaloids belonging to this chemical profile was not possible. Six of them remain unidentified. The potential of these three Amaryllidoideae genera against Alzheimer’s disease was then evaluated by measuring their AChE and BuChE inhibitory activity, revealing that C. incarnatus and U. formosa (from Sucumbíos province) showed the best results with IC50 values of 1.73 ± 0.25 and 30.56 ± 1.56 µg·mL−1, respectively. Molecular dynamic assays were conducted to characterize the possible interactions that occurs among 2-hydroxyanhydrolycorine and the AChE enzyme, concluded that it is stabilized in the pocket in a similar way to galanthamine. This study expands our understanding of the biodiversity of Amaryllidoideae species from Ecuador, highlighting their potential as source of chemical compounds with pharmaceutical applications.
{"title":"Alkaloid Profiling and Anti-Cholinesterase Potential of Three Different Genera of Amaryllidaceae Collected in Ecuador: Urceolina Rchb., Clinanthus Herb. and Stenomesson Herb.","authors":"Luciana R. Tallini, Karen Acosta León, Raúl Chamorro, Edison Osorio, Jaume Bastida, Lou Jost, N. Oleas","doi":"10.3390/life14080924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/life14080924","url":null,"abstract":"Ecuador is an important center of biodiversity for the plant subfamily Amaryllidoideae, known for its important bioactive molecules. This study aimed to assess the chemical and biological potential of four different Amaryllidoideae species collected in Ecuador: Urceolina formosa, Urceolina ruthiana, Clinanthus incarnatus, and Stenomesson aurantiacum. Twenty-six alkaloids were identified in the bulb extracts of these species using GC-MS. The extract of S. aurantiacum exhibited the greatest structural diversity and contained the highest amounts of alkaloids, particularly lycorine and galanthamine. Only for this species, identification of all the alkaloids belonging to this chemical profile was not possible. Six of them remain unidentified. The potential of these three Amaryllidoideae genera against Alzheimer’s disease was then evaluated by measuring their AChE and BuChE inhibitory activity, revealing that C. incarnatus and U. formosa (from Sucumbíos province) showed the best results with IC50 values of 1.73 ± 0.25 and 30.56 ± 1.56 µg·mL−1, respectively. Molecular dynamic assays were conducted to characterize the possible interactions that occurs among 2-hydroxyanhydrolycorine and the AChE enzyme, concluded that it is stabilized in the pocket in a similar way to galanthamine. This study expands our understanding of the biodiversity of Amaryllidoideae species from Ecuador, highlighting their potential as source of chemical compounds with pharmaceutical applications.","PeriodicalId":18182,"journal":{"name":"Life","volume":"56 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Tsiakanikas, Konstantina Athanasopoulou, Ioanna A. Darioti, Vasiliki Taxiarchoula Agiassoti, Stamatis Theocharis, Andreas Scorilas, P. Adamopoulos
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a form of a circular double-stranded DNA that exists independently of conventional chromosomes. eccDNA exhibits a broad and random distribution across eukaryotic cells and has been associated with tumor-related properties due to its ability to harbor the complete gene information of oncogenes. The complex and multifaceted mechanisms underlying eccDNA formation include pathways such as DNA damage repair, breakage–fusion–bridge (BFB) mechanisms, chromothripsis, and cell apoptosis. Of note, eccDNA plays a pivotal role in tumor development, genetic heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance. The high copy number and transcriptional activity of oncogenes carried by eccDNA contribute to the accelerated growth of tumors. Notably, the amplification of oncogenes on eccDNA is implicated in the malignant progression of cancer cells. The improvement of high-throughput sequencing techniques has greatly enhanced our knowledge of eccDNA by allowing for a detailed examination of its genetic structures and functions. However, we still lack a comprehensive and efficient annotation for eccDNA, while challenges persist in the study and understanding of the functional role of eccDNA, emphasizing the need for the development of robust methodologies. The potential clinical applications of eccDNA, such as its role as a measurable biomarker or therapeutic target in diseases, particularly within the spectrum of human malignancies, is a promising field for future research. In conclusion, eccDNA represents a quite dynamic and multifunctional genetic entity with far-reaching implications in cancer pathogenesis and beyond. Further research is essential to unravel the molecular pathways of eccDNA formation, elucidate its functional roles, and explore its clinical applications. Addressing these aspects is crucial for advancing our understanding of genomic instability and developing novel strategies for tailored therapeutics, especially in cancer.
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