Pub Date : 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119374
Claudia Erhart, Jasmine Nahrgang, Derrick Kwame Odei, Marianne Frantzen, Lisbet Sørensen, Mari Egeness Creese, Velmurugu Puvanendran, Øyvind Johannes Hansen, Bjørn Henrik Hansen, James P. Meador, Fekadu Yadetie
Understanding the long-term biological consequences of crude oil exposure on marine fish is essential for the sustainability of ecologically and economically important species such as Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). While the direct effects of crude oil on early life stages are well documented, adult reproductive vulnerability and intergenerational consequences remain poorly understood, despite their pivotal role in spawning stock viability. Paternal contributions to next-generation outcomes are particularly underexplored. This study examined how parental exposure to a water-soluble fraction of crude oil affects transcriptomic profiles and survival outcomes in Atlantic cod offspring. Adult fish were exposed for 20 days prior to spawning, and offspring were produced by in vitro cross-fertilization to generate four groups: control (unexposed parents), maternally exposed, paternally exposed and biparentally exposed. Embryos were reared under control conditions, and transcriptome profiles were analyzed from fertilization to hatching, alongside assessments of cardiac function and morphology post-hatch. Offspring from exposed females failed to survive to hatching. Eggs were smaller, and transcriptomic data revealed severe downregulation of genes involved in early developmental processes. Chemical analyses confirmed maternal transfer of a diverse range of petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons to oocytes. Our findings point to disrupted oocyte provisioning, likely linked to endocrine and epigenetic disturbances during oocyte maturation. Paternal exposure had minimal effect on RNA expression, and morphology at hatching. However, reduced survival in early larval stages suggests sublethal effects emerging later, possibly through epigenetic mechanisms, a hypothesis requiring further investigation.
{"title":"Maternal and paternal crude oil exposure differentially shapes early developmental transcriptomes and survival outcomes in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)","authors":"Claudia Erhart, Jasmine Nahrgang, Derrick Kwame Odei, Marianne Frantzen, Lisbet Sørensen, Mari Egeness Creese, Velmurugu Puvanendran, Øyvind Johannes Hansen, Bjørn Henrik Hansen, James P. Meador, Fekadu Yadetie","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119374","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the long-term biological consequences of crude oil exposure on marine fish is essential for the sustainability of ecologically and economically important species such as Atlantic cod (<ce:italic>Gadus morhua</ce:italic>). While the direct effects of crude oil on early life stages are well documented, adult reproductive vulnerability and intergenerational consequences remain poorly understood, despite their pivotal role in spawning stock viability. Paternal contributions to next-generation outcomes are particularly underexplored. This study examined how parental exposure to a water-soluble fraction of crude oil affects transcriptomic profiles and survival outcomes in Atlantic cod offspring. Adult fish were exposed for 20 days prior to spawning, and offspring were produced by <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic> cross-fertilization to generate four groups: control (unexposed parents), maternally exposed, paternally exposed and biparentally exposed. Embryos were reared under control conditions, and transcriptome profiles were analyzed from fertilization to hatching, alongside assessments of cardiac function and morphology post-hatch. Offspring from exposed females failed to survive to hatching. Eggs were smaller, and transcriptomic data revealed severe downregulation of genes involved in early developmental processes. Chemical analyses confirmed maternal transfer of a diverse range of petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons to oocytes. Our findings point to disrupted oocyte provisioning, likely linked to endocrine and epigenetic disturbances during oocyte maturation. Paternal exposure had minimal effect on RNA expression, and morphology at hatching. However, reduced survival in early larval stages suggests sublethal effects emerging later, possibly through epigenetic mechanisms, a hypothesis requiring further investigation.","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119400
Yongrui Pi, Fei Wang, Ke Sun, Xin Chen, Bin Li, Tao Jiang
Coastal ecosystems are increasingly threatened by the synergistic pressures of intensive aquaculture and fluctuating terrestrial runoff, yet the mechanisms by which these drivers shape foundational benthic and pelagic algae remain poorly understood. To address this gap, this study systematically investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of benthic and pelagic algae in Sungo Bay by integrating pigment fingerprinting with high-throughput sequencing. Results indicate that mariculture type is a primary determinant of community structure. Dinophyceae dominated coastal and kelp cultivation zones, while Trebouxiophyceae and Ulvophyceae prevailed in the oyster cultivation zone. Seasonal terrestrial fluxes further modulated these patterns, creating a pronounced winter-summer dichotomy. During winter, intensified oyster filtration and biodeposition, coupled with terrestrial inputs, elevated sedimentary total organic carbon/total nitrogen (TOC/TN) ratios (6.83–30). These elevated ratios correlated with enhanced photosynthetic pigment concentrations, increased sequencing reads, and higher operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness, coinciding with the dominance of Trebouxiophyceae and Ulvophyceae. In summer, reduced oyster filtration shifted TOC/TN regulation to terrestrial inputs, driving a successional transition to Trebouxiophyceae dominance. This work elucidates the dual regulatory roles of aquaculture practices and seasonal terrestrial fluxes, providing critical insights for managing benthic-pelagic coupling and ecosystem function in anthropogenically influenced coastal zones.
{"title":"Metabarcoding analysis of eukaryotic microalgae communities in the surface sediments of an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture zone","authors":"Yongrui Pi, Fei Wang, Ke Sun, Xin Chen, Bin Li, Tao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119400","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal ecosystems are increasingly threatened by the synergistic pressures of intensive aquaculture and fluctuating terrestrial runoff, yet the mechanisms by which these drivers shape foundational benthic and pelagic algae remain poorly understood. To address this gap, this study systematically investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of benthic and pelagic algae in Sungo Bay by integrating pigment fingerprinting with high-throughput sequencing. Results indicate that mariculture type is a primary determinant of community structure. Dinophyceae dominated coastal and kelp cultivation zones, while Trebouxiophyceae and Ulvophyceae prevailed in the oyster cultivation zone. Seasonal terrestrial fluxes further modulated these patterns, creating a pronounced winter-summer dichotomy. During winter, intensified oyster filtration and biodeposition, coupled with terrestrial inputs, elevated sedimentary total organic carbon/total nitrogen (TOC/TN) ratios (6.83–30). These elevated ratios correlated with enhanced photosynthetic pigment concentrations, increased sequencing reads, and higher operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness, coinciding with the dominance of Trebouxiophyceae and Ulvophyceae. In summer, reduced oyster filtration shifted TOC/TN regulation to terrestrial inputs, driving a successional transition to Trebouxiophyceae dominance. This work elucidates the dual regulatory roles of aquaculture practices and seasonal terrestrial fluxes, providing critical insights for managing benthic-pelagic coupling and ecosystem function in anthropogenically influenced coastal zones.","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119408
Asare Derrick, Bissih Fred, Yudong Zheng, Agyenim Godfred Boateng, Hongming Wang, Eric Biney, Samuel Azupio, Shuang Zhang
Iron (Fe) contamination in aquaculture environments threatens marine species, particularly Litopenaeus vannamei, with ferric chloride (FeCl3) from industrial uses being a major potential source. This study examines the acute toxicity of FeCl3 in juvenile shrimp through bioaccumulation, histopathology, oxidative stress biomarkers, immune gene expression, and microbiome alterations. Following the determination of the 96-h median-lethal concentration (LC50) of FeCl3 for L. vannamei as 1.194 mg/L, two exposure groups were established; FeC1 (1%) and FeC2 (10%) 96-h LC50 to model low and high sublethal toxicity levels. Bioaccumulation analysis revealed that Fe primarily concentrated in the hepatopancreas, with significantly higher concentrations in Fe-exposed groups compared to controls. Histological analysis showed dose-dependent hepatopancreatic damage, including cell degeneration, lumen collapse, and epithelial necrosis, especially in the FeC2 group. Oxidative stress biomarkers (ROS and MDA) were significantly elevated in Fe-treated groups, with a notable reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities (T-SOD, CAT), and immune parameters (PO, LZM) showed initial activation followed by significant decline. Gene expression analysis indicated transient upregulation of immune (Relish, Toll-2) and antioxidant (Nrf2, GPx, MnSOD) genes, but expression levels of ferritin and lysozyme were suppressed in Fe-exposed shrimp. Microbiome analysis revealed a significant shift towards opportunistic genera such as Enterococcus and Ruegeria in high-dose groups. Functional prediction based on KEGG-pathways indicated enrichment of pathways related to xenobiotic degradation and immune dysfunction, while energy metabolism and immune-related pathways were suppressed. These findings emphasize the significant impact of FeCl3 pollution on shrimp health, indicating the need for strict regulation of iron levels in aquaculture systems.
水产养殖环境中的铁（Fe）污染威胁着海洋物种，特别是凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei），工业用途的氯化铁（FeCl3）是一个主要的潜在来源。本研究通过生物积累、组织病理学、氧化应激生物标志物、免疫基因表达和微生物组改变来研究FeCl3对幼虾的急性毒性。测定了FeCl3对凡纳梅L.的96 h中致死浓度（LC50）为1.194 mg/L，建立2个暴露组；FeC1（1%）和FeC2 (10%) 96 h LC50模型低和高亚致死毒性水平。生物积累分析显示，铁主要集中在肝胰脏，铁暴露组的浓度明显高于对照组。组织学分析显示剂量依赖性肝胰腺损伤，包括细胞变性、管腔塌陷和上皮坏死，特别是在FeC2组。铁处理组氧化应激生物标志物（ROS和MDA）显著升高，抗氧化酶活性（T-SOD、CAT）显著降低，免疫参数（PO、LZM）呈现先激活后显著下降的趋势。基因表达分析表明，铁暴露对虾的免疫（津津乐道、Toll-2）和抗氧化（Nrf2、GPx、MnSOD）基因瞬间上调，而铁蛋白和溶菌酶的表达水平受到抑制。微生物组分析显示，在高剂量组中，向机会性属（如肠球菌和鲁氏菌）发生了重大转变。基于kegg通路的功能预测表明，与外源性降解和免疫功能障碍相关的通路富集，而能量代谢和免疫相关的通路被抑制。这些发现强调了FeCl3污染对对虾健康的重大影响，表明需要严格调节水产养殖系统中的铁水平。
{"title":"Toxicological responses of Litopenaeus vannamei to short-term ferric chloride exposure: implications for histopathology, oxidative stress, and intestinal microbiota","authors":"Asare Derrick, Bissih Fred, Yudong Zheng, Agyenim Godfred Boateng, Hongming Wang, Eric Biney, Samuel Azupio, Shuang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119408","url":null,"abstract":"Iron (Fe) contamination in aquaculture environments threatens marine species, particularly <ce:italic>Litopenaeus vannamei</ce:italic>, with ferric chloride (FeCl<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>) from industrial uses being a major potential source. This study examines the acute toxicity of FeCl<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> in juvenile shrimp through bioaccumulation, histopathology, oxidative stress biomarkers, immune gene expression, and microbiome alterations. Following the determination of the 96-h median-lethal concentration (LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">50</ce:inf>) of FeCl<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> for <ce:italic>L. vannamei</ce:italic> as 1.194 mg/L, two exposure groups were established; FeC1 (1%) and FeC2 (10%) 96-h LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">50</ce:inf> to model low and high sublethal toxicity levels. Bioaccumulation analysis revealed that Fe primarily concentrated in the hepatopancreas, with significantly higher concentrations in Fe-exposed groups compared to controls. Histological analysis showed dose-dependent hepatopancreatic damage, including cell degeneration, lumen collapse, and epithelial necrosis, especially in the FeC2 group. Oxidative stress biomarkers (ROS and MDA) were significantly elevated in Fe-treated groups, with a notable reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities (T-SOD, CAT), and immune parameters (PO, LZM) showed initial activation followed by significant decline. Gene expression analysis indicated transient upregulation of immune (<ce:italic>Relish</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>Toll-2</ce:italic>) and antioxidant (<ce:italic>Nrf2</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>GPx</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>MnSOD</ce:italic>) genes, but expression levels of <ce:italic>ferritin</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>lysozyme</ce:italic> were suppressed in Fe-exposed shrimp. Microbiome analysis revealed a significant shift towards opportunistic genera such as <ce:italic>Enterococcus</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Ruegeria</ce:italic> in high-dose groups. Functional prediction based on KEGG-pathways indicated enrichment of pathways related to xenobiotic degradation and immune dysfunction, while energy metabolism and immune-related pathways were suppressed. These findings emphasize the significant impact of FeCl<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> pollution on shrimp health, indicating the need for strict regulation of iron levels in aquaculture systems.","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119365
Xuehui Liu, Guilin Han, Jinke Liu, Jie Ren, Xi Gao, Di Wang
Excessive sulfate (SO42−) flow into marginal seas through megacity rivers, posing a significant threat to the ecological environment of marginal seas. Tracing and quantifying the source of SO42− are essential for maintaining the health and stability of marine ecosystems. This study reported SO42− concentrations and δ34SSO4 in the Yongding River, a typical megacity river discharging into the sea in northern China. The SO42− concentrations averaged 147 mg·L−1, with δ34SSO4 values ranging from +5.85‰ to +14.99‰. Based on hydrochemical indicators and ion ratios, six potential sources were identified (agriculture, sewage, industry, precipitation, evaporite, and sulfide oxidation). A Monte Carlo inverse model integrating δ34SSO4 and ionic ratios was applied to quantify source contributions. Results show that natural weathering (61%) dominates upstream, while anthropogenic inputs (75%) increase downstream, with sewage and industry sources contributing 41% and 33%, respectively. Sulfide oxidation intensifies near reservoirs, suggesting enhanced oxidation driven by water regulation. Total SO42− flux increased longitudinally, with an estimated annual export of 2.31 × 10−4 Tmol yr−1 to the Bohai Sea. Over 70% of SO42− flux originated from anthropogenic sources, highlighting the critical role of human activities in disrupting sulfur cycling in marginal sea. A hydrology-load-redox (H-L-R) framework was proposed to emphasize the importance of multi-factor coordination in pollution control and land-sea integrated watershed management. This study demonstrates that inverse model holds significant promise for application in complex human-dominated systems, offering a viable approach to strengthen pollutant tracing and risk assessment in marginal marine environments.
{"title":"Source identification and coastal export of sulfate in a megacity river: Insights from sulfur isotopes and inverse model","authors":"Xuehui Liu, Guilin Han, Jinke Liu, Jie Ren, Xi Gao, Di Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119365","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive sulfate (SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">2−</ce:sup>) flow into marginal seas through megacity rivers, posing a significant threat to the ecological environment of marginal seas. Tracing and quantifying the source of SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">2−</ce:sup> are essential for maintaining the health and stability of marine ecosystems. This study reported SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">2−</ce:sup> concentrations and δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">34</ce:sup>S<ce:inf loc=\"post\">SO4</ce:inf> in the Yongding River, a typical megacity river discharging into the sea in northern China. The SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">2−</ce:sup> concentrations averaged 147 mg·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, with δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">34</ce:sup>S<ce:inf loc=\"post\">SO4</ce:inf> values ranging from +5.85‰ to +14.99‰. Based on hydrochemical indicators and ion ratios, six potential sources were identified (agriculture, sewage, industry, precipitation, evaporite, and sulfide oxidation). A Monte Carlo inverse model integrating δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">34</ce:sup>S<ce:inf loc=\"post\">SO4</ce:inf> and ionic ratios was applied to quantify source contributions. Results show that natural weathering (61%) dominates upstream, while anthropogenic inputs (75%) increase downstream, with sewage and industry sources contributing 41% and 33%, respectively. Sulfide oxidation intensifies near reservoirs, suggesting enhanced oxidation driven by water regulation. Total SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">2−</ce:sup> flux increased longitudinally, with an estimated annual export of 2.31 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−4</ce:sup> Tmol yr<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> to the Bohai Sea. Over 70% of SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">2−</ce:sup> flux originated from anthropogenic sources, highlighting the critical role of human activities in disrupting sulfur cycling in marginal sea. A hydrology-load-redox (H-L-R) framework was proposed to emphasize the importance of multi-factor coordination in pollution control and land-sea integrated watershed management. This study demonstrates that inverse model holds significant promise for application in complex human-dominated systems, offering a viable approach to strengthen pollutant tracing and risk assessment in marginal marine environments.","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"286 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119348
Idrissa Y. Hamad, Mohammed Sheikh, Peter A.U. Staehr
Seagrasses respond sensitively to both natural and anthropogenic pressures, making them effective indicators for assessing pressure-driven changes in marine ecosystem health. This study developed and validated a novel multimetric Seagrass Ecological Health Index (SEHI) by integrating drone-derived and in situ ecological metrics to assess nearshore seagrass condition in Unguja, Zanzibar. The index combines multiple parameters, including measures of abundance, taxonomic composition, eutrophication, leaf condition, and seascape fragmentation. Relationships between SEHI and key natural pressures—tidal desiccation (TEI) and wave exposure (REID)—as well as anthropogenic pressures such as hotel density, fishing intensity, seaweed farming, sea urchin density, and water quality, were evaluated. SEHI exhibited significant negative correlations with tidal desiccation (r = −0.70, p < 0.05), while wave exposure showed a negative but non-significant trend (r = −0.49), and sea urchin density (r = −0.70, p < 0.05), and responded strongly to phosphate, chlorophyll-a, and seaweed farming intensity. Among the component indicators, epiphytic cover showed the highest sensitivity to human pressures. Based on SEHI classification, five of the nine study sites were in moderate ecological condition, while two were in poor condition. The results demonstrate the robustness of the SEHI framework as an integrative, drone-based and field assessment tool capable of detecting seagrass ecosystem responses to multiple stressors. SEHI provides a scalable approach for monitoring and managing seagrass health in Zanzibar and other tropical, data-limited regions, improving the assessment and communication of seagrass ecological condition to managers and stakeholders involved in coastal and marine conservation.
海草对自然和人为压力都有敏感的反应，这使它们成为评估压力驱动的海洋生态系统健康变化的有效指标。本研究开发并验证了一种新的多度量海草生态健康指数（SEHI），通过整合无人机衍生的和原位生态指标来评估桑给巴尔Unguja近岸海草的状况。该指数结合了多个参数，包括丰度、分类组成、富营养化、叶片状况和海景破碎化。SEHI与关键自然压力-潮汐干燥（TEI）和波浪暴露(REID) -以及人为压力（如酒店密度、捕捞强度、海藻养殖、海胆密度和水质）之间的关系进行了评估。SEHI与潮汐干燥呈显著负相关（r = - 0.70, p < 0.05），波浪暴露与海胆密度呈显著负相关（r = - 0.49, p < 0.05），并对磷酸盐、叶绿素a和海藻养殖强度有强烈响应。各组成指标中，附生盖度对人为压力的敏感性最高。基于SEHI分类，9个研究点中有5个处于中等生态状态，2个处于较差生态状态。结果表明，SEHI框架作为一种综合的、基于无人机的现场评估工具，能够检测海草生态系统对多种应激源的响应，具有鲁棒性。SEHI为监测和管理桑给巴尔和其他数据有限的热带地区的海草健康提供了一种可扩展的方法，改善了海草生态状况的评估，并向参与沿海和海洋保护的管理人员和利益攸关方通报了海草生态状况。
{"title":"Assessing seagrass ecological health in Zanzibar using an integrated index of drone and in situ indicators","authors":"Idrissa Y. Hamad, Mohammed Sheikh, Peter A.U. Staehr","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119348","url":null,"abstract":"Seagrasses respond sensitively to both natural and anthropogenic pressures, making them effective indicators for assessing pressure-driven changes in marine ecosystem health. This study developed and validated a novel multimetric Seagrass Ecological Health Index (SEHI) by integrating drone-derived and in situ ecological metrics to assess nearshore seagrass condition in Unguja, Zanzibar. The index combines multiple parameters, including measures of abundance, taxonomic composition, eutrophication, leaf condition, and seascape fragmentation. Relationships between SEHI and key natural pressures—tidal desiccation (TEI) and wave exposure (REI<ce:inf loc=\"post\">D</ce:inf>)—as well as anthropogenic pressures such as hotel density, fishing intensity, seaweed farming, sea urchin density, and water quality, were evaluated. SEHI exhibited significant negative correlations with tidal desiccation (<ce:italic>r</ce:italic> = −0.70, <ce:italic>p</ce:italic> < 0.05), while wave exposure showed a negative but non-significant trend (<ce:italic>r</ce:italic> = −0.49), and sea urchin density (r = −0.70, <ce:italic>p</ce:italic> < 0.05), and responded strongly to phosphate, chlorophyll-a, and seaweed farming intensity. Among the component indicators, epiphytic cover showed the highest sensitivity to human pressures. Based on SEHI classification, five of the nine study sites were in moderate ecological condition, while two were in poor condition. The results demonstrate the robustness of the SEHI framework as an integrative, drone-based and field assessment tool capable of detecting seagrass ecosystem responses to multiple stressors. SEHI provides a scalable approach for monitoring and managing seagrass health in Zanzibar and other tropical, data-limited regions, improving the assessment and communication of seagrass ecological condition to managers and stakeholders involved in coastal and marine conservation.","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119385
I. Gede Hendrawan, Ade Riestiari Sudarmawan, Putra Bagus Panji Pamungkas, Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro, I. Wayan Gede Astawa Karang, Dwi Budi Wiyanto, I. Made Dharma Raharja, I. Putu Ranu Fajar Maharta, Cornelia Coraima Lazaren, Alex S.J. Wyatt
Plastic pollution remains a significant threat to coral reef ecosystems, even within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). This study assesses the levels and types of plastic debris, both macroplastics and microplastics, found in coral reef ecosystems at two MPAs in Bali: Karangasem and Nusa Penida. Coral health was evaluated using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method, while plastic particles were identified through field sampling and laboratory analysis, including Raman spectroscopy. Macroplastic accumulation was higher in Karangasem, while microplastic concentrations were comparable between the two regions. Microplastics were detected in coral tissues, and Polyethylene (PET and LDPE) was the dominant polymer. Although Pollution Load Index (PLI) values indicate a low ecological risk, it is evident that both MPAs suffer from coral degradation. Notably, the data suggest that macroplastic may have a more direct impact on coral reefs through physical damage. Despite these threats, both MPAs exhibited high ecological resilience, suggesting strong recovery potential if waste inputs are reduced. The findings highlight the important of improving waste management, especially capacity building and increased funding allocation. Strengthening each strategic approach of the MPAs can reduce plastic leakage into the sea and support coral reef recovery.
{"title":"Plastic threats to coral reefs: A strategic management perspective from Bali's marine protected areas","authors":"I. Gede Hendrawan, Ade Riestiari Sudarmawan, Putra Bagus Panji Pamungkas, Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro, I. Wayan Gede Astawa Karang, Dwi Budi Wiyanto, I. Made Dharma Raharja, I. Putu Ranu Fajar Maharta, Cornelia Coraima Lazaren, Alex S.J. Wyatt","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119385","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic pollution remains a significant threat to coral reef ecosystems, even within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). This study assesses the levels and types of plastic debris, both macroplastics and microplastics, found in coral reef ecosystems at two MPAs in Bali: Karangasem and Nusa Penida. Coral health was evaluated using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method, while plastic particles were identified through field sampling and laboratory analysis, including Raman spectroscopy. Macroplastic accumulation was higher in Karangasem, while microplastic concentrations were comparable between the two regions. Microplastics were detected in coral tissues, and Polyethylene (PET and LDPE) was the dominant polymer. Although Pollution Load Index (PLI) values indicate a low ecological risk, it is evident that both MPAs suffer from coral degradation. Notably, the data suggest that macroplastic may have a more direct impact on coral reefs through physical damage. Despite these threats, both MPAs exhibited high ecological resilience, suggesting strong recovery potential if waste inputs are reduced. The findings highlight the important of improving waste management, especially capacity building and increased funding allocation. Strengthening each strategic approach of the MPAs can reduce plastic leakage into the sea and support coral reef recovery.","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119380
Peter G. Ryan, Azwianewi B. Makhado, Thando Cebekhulu, Robert J.M. Crawford, Bruce M. Dyer, Makhudu J. Masotla, Vonica Perold, Maelle Connan
Long-term monitoring of litter stranding on remote islands is an efficient way to track changes in the abundance and composition of floating marine litter. Over 30 years from 1993 to 2024, most beach litter at sub-Antarctic Marion Island derived from offshore sources (95%). The proportion of local, land-based litter decreased from 12% in 1993–1997 to <1% in 2019–2023, mainly due to improved solid waste management at the island's research station. Local litter had a much higher proportion of non-plastic items (68%), especially wood (32%) and metal (22%), than litter items from offshore sources, which were mostly made of plastic (94%). The abundance of fishing gear peaked in the 1990s, when there was a large fishery for Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) around the island. However, even then, fishing gear comprised only 9% of offshore litter items (7% over the whole study period). Bottles (60%) and pieces of foamed polystyrene packaging (17%) accounted for most offshore litter items. The abundance of offshore litter decreased from 1993 to the early 2000s (change point 2004, 95% CI: 2000–2008), then increased until 2023, mainly due to an increase in the numbers of plastic bottles washing ashore. Our results indicate a worrying increase in general household waste at this remote island in the Southern Ocean.
{"title":"Increases in plastic bottles washing ashore on sub-Antarctic Marion Island","authors":"Peter G. Ryan, Azwianewi B. Makhado, Thando Cebekhulu, Robert J.M. Crawford, Bruce M. Dyer, Makhudu J. Masotla, Vonica Perold, Maelle Connan","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119380","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term monitoring of litter stranding on remote islands is an efficient way to track changes in the abundance and composition of floating marine litter. Over 30 years from 1993 to 2024, most beach litter at sub-Antarctic Marion Island derived from offshore sources (95%). The proportion of local, land-based litter decreased from 12% in 1993–1997 to <1% in 2019–2023, mainly due to improved solid waste management at the island's research station. Local litter had a much higher proportion of non-plastic items (68%), especially wood (32%) and metal (22%), than litter items from offshore sources, which were mostly made of plastic (94%). The abundance of fishing gear peaked in the 1990s, when there was a large fishery for Patagonian toothfish (<ce:italic>Dissostichus eleginoides</ce:italic>) around the island. However, even then, fishing gear comprised only 9% of offshore litter items (7% over the whole study period). Bottles (60%) and pieces of foamed polystyrene packaging (17%) accounted for most offshore litter items. The abundance of offshore litter decreased from 1993 to the early 2000s (change point 2004, 95% CI: 2000–2008), then increased until 2023, mainly due to an increase in the numbers of plastic bottles washing ashore. Our results indicate a worrying increase in general household waste at this remote island in the Southern Ocean.","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119345
Yan Jiang, Man Sze Kwok, Mengyang Liu, Kenneth M.Y. Leung
Organotin compounds (OTs), persistent environmental toxicants, were historically used in antifouling paints and have been banned on vessel hulls in Hong Kong since 2017. This study tested the hypothesis that OTs in seafood from Hong Kong waters, along with their associated dietary human health risks, declined six years post the legislation and enforcement. Analysis of 23 marine species collected in 2023, including molluscs, crustaceans, and fishes revealed total OTs concentrations of 11.8–747 ng/g ww, with the highest in benthic feeding fish Gerres septemfasciatus (747 ± 133 ng/g ww) and the croaker Johnius taiwanensis (696 ± 158 ng/g ww). Following the implementation of legislation, OTs in four commercially important fish species decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by 73.2–95.7%, supporting the effectiveness of regulatory measures. Triphenyltin (TPT), accounting for 32.7–96.4% of total residues across species, dominated the OTs composition in more than 80% marine organisms in this study, and exhibited significant trophic magnification in the marine food web with a trophic magnification factor of 8.61. Dietary exposure to total OTs through seafood consumption was estimated at 1.07 to 525 ng/kg bw/day, yielding a hazard index of 0.001–0.93, which is below the safety threshold of 1 for general adults. However, high consumption of fish species with high TPT concentration (e.g., G. septemfasciatus and J. taiwanensis) could increase health risk. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of regulatory intervention, confirm the persistent ecological risk posed by TPT due to biomagnification, and highlight the need for continued monitoring to safeguard ecosystem and public health.
{"title":"Health risks of exposure to organotin compounds via seafood consumption after their legal ban","authors":"Yan Jiang, Man Sze Kwok, Mengyang Liu, Kenneth M.Y. Leung","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119345","url":null,"abstract":"Organotin compounds (OTs), persistent environmental toxicants, were historically used in antifouling paints and have been banned on vessel hulls in Hong Kong since 2017. This study tested the hypothesis that OTs in seafood from Hong Kong waters, along with their associated dietary human health risks, declined six years post the legislation and enforcement. Analysis of 23 marine species collected in 2023, including molluscs, crustaceans, and fishes revealed total OTs concentrations of 11.8–747 ng/g ww, with the highest in benthic feeding fish <ce:italic>Gerres septemfasciatus</ce:italic> (747 ± 133 ng/g ww) and the croaker <ce:italic>Johnius taiwanensis</ce:italic> (696 ± 158 ng/g ww). Following the implementation of legislation, OTs in four commercially important fish species decreased significantly (<ce:italic>p</ce:italic> < 0.05) by 73.2–95.7%, supporting the effectiveness of regulatory measures. Triphenyltin (TPT), accounting for 32.7–96.4% of total residues across species, dominated the OTs composition in more than 80% marine organisms in this study, and exhibited significant trophic magnification in the marine food web with a trophic magnification factor of 8.61. Dietary exposure to total OTs through seafood consumption was estimated at 1.07 to 525 ng/kg bw/day, yielding a hazard index of 0.001–0.93, which is below the safety threshold of 1 for general adults. However, high consumption of fish species with high TPT concentration (e.g., <ce:italic>G. septemfasciatus</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>J. taiwanensis</ce:italic>) could increase health risk. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of regulatory intervention, confirm the persistent ecological risk posed by TPT due to biomagnification, and highlight the need for continued monitoring to safeguard ecosystem and public health.","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Bohai Sea is under considerable environmental stress due to the significant discharge of inland contaminants. Understanding the optical properties of contaminated sea ice in this region is essential for improving large-scale remote sensing of sea ice contamination. This study investigated the in situ spectral properties of sea ice contaminated with five contaminants, including sediment, motor oil, pulverized coal, charcoal powder, and secondary microplastic fragments, along the eastern coast of Liaodong Bay in the Bohai Sea. The results revealed that most contaminated sea ice exhibited lower reflectance than clean sea ice in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared bands. Specifically, sea ice contaminated with pulverized coal (0.28) and charcoal powder (0.23) showed the lowest reflectance in the visible band. However, sea ice contaminated with secondary microplastic fragments (0.88) had a higher reflectance in the visible band compared to clean sea ice (0.75). Motor oil-contaminated sea ice displayed distinct absorption features between 500 and 550 nm, with the 560 nm wavelength offering a potential band for distinguishing this contaminant from others. In the shortwave infrared region (beyond 1400 nm), all contaminants exhibited higher reflectance than clean sea ice. Sediment-covered sea ice was most recognizable by its high reflectance difference at 1725 nm. Correlation analyses showed strong negative correlations between contaminant mass and reflectance in sea ice contaminated with pulverized coal and charcoal powder across the 350–1350 nm range, while beyond 1430 nm, sediment, secondary microplastic fragments, and charcoal powder exhibited strong positive correlations with contaminant mass.
{"title":"In situ spectral analysis of sea ice contaminated with multiple substances in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea","authors":"Jinghan Xu, Yu Yan, Zhikun Lin, Qingkang Hou, Jiayu Ding, Chenchen Yao, Lei Ren, Chenyu Shu, Yingjun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119403","url":null,"abstract":"The Bohai Sea is under considerable environmental stress due to the significant discharge of inland contaminants. Understanding the optical properties of contaminated sea ice in this region is essential for improving large-scale remote sensing of sea ice contamination. This study investigated the in situ spectral properties of sea ice contaminated with five contaminants, including sediment, motor oil, pulverized coal, charcoal powder, and secondary microplastic fragments, along the eastern coast of Liaodong Bay in the Bohai Sea. The results revealed that most contaminated sea ice exhibited lower reflectance than clean sea ice in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared bands. Specifically, sea ice contaminated with pulverized coal (0.28) and charcoal powder (0.23) showed the lowest reflectance in the visible band. However, sea ice contaminated with secondary microplastic fragments (0.88) had a higher reflectance in the visible band compared to clean sea ice (0.75). Motor oil-contaminated sea ice displayed distinct absorption features between 500 and 550 nm, with the 560 nm wavelength offering a potential band for distinguishing this contaminant from others. In the shortwave infrared region (beyond 1400 nm), all contaminants exhibited higher reflectance than clean sea ice. Sediment-covered sea ice was most recognizable by its high reflectance difference at 1725 nm. Correlation analyses showed strong negative correlations between contaminant mass and reflectance in sea ice contaminated with pulverized coal and charcoal powder across the 350–1350 nm range, while beyond 1430 nm, sediment, secondary microplastic fragments, and charcoal powder exhibited strong positive correlations with contaminant mass.","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119366
Samantha L. Shinder, Nathan G. Dodder, Kerri Danil, David W. Weller, Jennie L. Bolton, Susan J. Chivers, Eunha Hoh
The Southern California Bight (SCB) is polluted with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) due to long-term industrialization and urban development, yet documentation of top-level marine predator exposure to these contaminants is limited. We characterized POP exposure for three SCB dolphin species by analyzing dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in blubber from common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus, n = 37), short-beaked (Delphinus delphis delphis, n = 62), and long-beaked (Delphinus delphis bairdii, n = 46) common dolphins from 1990 to 2012. Temporal, spatial, sex, age, maturity status, and ecotype trends in contaminant concentrations were assessed using multilinear regression models. Short-beaked common dolphins exhibited decreasing POP concentrations temporally, consistent with reduced environmental inputs following regulatory bans. Short-beaked common dolphins from the SCB had higher ΣDDT and ΣPBDE concentrations than those from central California, indicating persistent regional differences. Significant age-sex interactions were observed for all three contaminant classes in both short- and long-beaked common dolphins, reflecting sex-specific bioaccumulation patterns. Long-beaked common dolphins exhibited the highest ΣDDT (∼110 μg/g lipid weight), ΣPCB (∼18 μg/g lipid weight), and ΣPBDE (∼7.3 μg/g lipid weight) concentrations reported globally. Elevated ΣPBDE levels were also observed in both coastal and offshore common bottlenose dolphin ecotypes, as well as in SCB short-beaked common dolphins. These findings demonstrate that exposure to POPs remains elevated among SCB top marine predators, further highlighting the continued value of dolphins as sentinel species for monitoring legacy and emerging contaminants in coastal ecosystems.
由于长期的工业化和城市发展，南加州湾（SCB）受到持久性有机污染物（POPs）的污染，但关于顶级海洋捕食者暴露于这些污染物的记录有限。通过分析1990年至2012年间常见宽吻海豚（Tursiops truncatus, n = 37）、短喙海豚（Delphinus delphis delphis, n = 62）和长喙海豚（Delphinus delphis bairdii, n = 46）鲸脂中的二氯二苯三氯乙烷（DDTs）、多氯联苯（PCBs）和多溴二苯醚（PBDEs），研究了三种SCB海豚的POP暴露特征。使用多元线性回归模型评估污染物浓度的时间、空间、性别、年龄、成熟度状态和生态型趋势。短喙普通海豚的持久性有机污染物浓度暂时下降，这与监管禁令后环境投入减少一致。来自SCB的短喙普通海豚的ΣDDT和ΣPBDE浓度高于来自加利福尼亚中部的，这表明持续的地区差异。在短喙和长喙普通海豚中观察到所有三种污染物类别的显著年龄-性别相互作用，反映了性别特异性的生物积累模式。长喙普通海豚的脂质质量ΣDDT （~ 110 μg/g）、ΣPCB （~ 18 μg/g脂质质量）和ΣPBDE （~ 7.3 μg/g脂质质量）浓度是全球报道的最高的。在沿海和近海普通宽吻海豚生态型以及SCB短喙普通海豚中也观察到ΣPBDE水平升高。这些发现表明，在SCB顶级海洋捕食者中，持久性有机污染物的暴露程度仍然很高，进一步突出了海豚作为监测沿海生态系统中遗留和新出现污染物的哨兵物种的持续价值。
{"title":"Trends of persistent organic pollutants in three dolphin species from the Southern California bight during 1990–2012","authors":"Samantha L. Shinder, Nathan G. Dodder, Kerri Danil, David W. Weller, Jennie L. Bolton, Susan J. Chivers, Eunha Hoh","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119366","url":null,"abstract":"The Southern California Bight (SCB) is polluted with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) due to long-term industrialization and urban development, yet documentation of top-level marine predator exposure to these contaminants is limited. We characterized POP exposure for three SCB dolphin species by analyzing dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in blubber from common bottlenose dolphins (<ce:italic>Tursiops truncatus</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>n</ce:italic> = 37), short-beaked (<ce:italic>Delphinus delphis delphis</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>n</ce:italic> = 62), and long-beaked (<ce:italic>Delphinus delphis bairdii</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>n</ce:italic> = 46) common dolphins from 1990 to 2012. Temporal, spatial, sex, age, maturity status, and ecotype trends in contaminant concentrations were assessed using multilinear regression models. Short-beaked common dolphins exhibited decreasing POP concentrations temporally, consistent with reduced environmental inputs following regulatory bans. Short-beaked common dolphins from the SCB had higher ΣDDT and ΣPBDE concentrations than those from central California, indicating persistent regional differences. Significant age-sex interactions were observed for all three contaminant classes in both short- and long-beaked common dolphins, reflecting sex-specific bioaccumulation patterns. Long-beaked common dolphins exhibited the highest ΣDDT (∼110 μg/g lipid weight), ΣPCB (∼18 μg/g lipid weight), and ΣPBDE (∼7.3 μg/g lipid weight) concentrations reported globally. Elevated ΣPBDE levels were also observed in both coastal and offshore common bottlenose dolphin ecotypes, as well as in SCB short-beaked common dolphins. These findings demonstrate that exposure to POPs remains elevated among SCB top marine predators, further highlighting the continued value of dolphins as sentinel species for monitoring legacy and emerging contaminants in coastal ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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