Marine Drugs最新文献

The green synthesis of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), as well as Ag/Ag₂O/ZnO nanocomposites (NCs), using polar and apolar extracts of Chlorella vulgaris, offers a sustainable method for producing nanomaterials with tunable properties. The impact of the synthesis environment and the nanomaterials' characteristics on cytotoxicity was evaluated by examining reactive species production and their effects on mitochondrial bioenergetic functions. Cytotoxicity assays on PC12 cells, a cell line originated from a rat pheochromocytoma, an adrenal medulla tumor, demonstrated that Ag/Ag₂O NPs synthesized with apolar (Ag/Ag₂O NPs A) and polar (Ag/Ag₂O NPs P) extracts exhibited significant cytotoxic effects, primarily driven by Ag⁺ ion release and the disruption of mitochondrial function. However, it is more likely the organic content, rather than size, influenced anticancer activity, as commercial Ag NPs, despite smaller crystallite sizes, exhibit less effective activity. ZnO NPs P showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, correlated with higher cytotoxicity, while ZnO NPs A produced lower ROS levels, resulting in diminished cytotoxic effects. A comparative analysis revealed significant differences in LD₅₀ values and toxicity profiles. Differentiated PC12 cells showed higher resistance to ZnO, while AgNPs and Ag/Ag₂O-based materials had similar effects on both cell types. This study emphasizes the crucial role of the synthesis environment and bioactive compounds from C. vulgaris in modulating nanoparticle surface chemistry, ROS generation, and cytotoxicity. The results provide valuable insights for designing safer and more effective nanomaterials for biomedical applications, especially for targeting tumor-like cells, by exploring the relationships between nanoparticle size, polarity, capping agents, and nanocomposite structures.

The adhesion of marine organisms to marine facilities negatively impacts human productivity. This phenomenon, known as marine fouling, constitutes a serious issue in the marine equipment industry. It increases resistance for ships and their structures, which, in turn, raises fuel consumption and reduces ship speed. To date, numerous antifouling strategies have been researched to combat marine biofouling. However, a multitude of these resources face long-term usability issues due to various limitations, such as low adhesion quality, elevated costs, and inefficacy. Hydrogels, exhibiting properties akin to the slime layer on the skin of many aquatic creatures, possess a low frictional coefficient and a high rate of water absorbency and are extensively utilized in the marine antifouling field. This review discusses the recent progress regarding the application of hydrogels as an important marine antifouling material in recent years. It introduces the structure, properties, and classification of hydrogels; summarizes the current research status of improved hydrogels in detail; and analyzes the improvement in their antifouling properties and the prospects for their application in marine antifouling.

To optimize the utilization of the sea star Patiria (=Asterina) pectinifera, which has demonstrated potential pharmaceutical properties in Chinese folk medicine, ten glycosides of polyhydroxy steroids, pectiniferosides A-J (1-10), were isolated and characterized. These compounds possess 3β, 6α, 8, 15α (or β), 16β-pentahydroxycholestane aglycones with sulfated and (or) methylated monosaccharides. The chemical structures of 1-10 were determined using NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS. The discovery of saponins with multiple substitution patterns in sea stars exemplified the molecular diversity of secondary metabolites in marine echinoderms. These compounds exhibited no embryotoxicity or teratogenicity at a concentration of 100 μM in a bioassay with marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) embryos, implying that these compounds may not be ecologically toxic to marine fish embryos. In addition, none of the compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines at 40 μM or anti-inflammatory activities at 50 μM, suggesting their potential for further structural optimization to enhance bioactivity. The research on the constituents of P. pectinifera provides a potential foundation for drug development and marine ecotoxicology.

Sargahydroquinoic acid (SHQA), a bioactive compound found in certain Sargassum species, exhibits significant health benefits. This study optimized the extraction of SHQA from Sargassum yezoense using response surface methodology (RSM) and evaluated its antioxidant effects through in vitro and in vivo assays. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was effectively employed to investigate the effects of incubation temperature, time, and ethanol concentration on SHQA yield, achieving a high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.961). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) validated the model's reliability (F = 13.86, p = 0.005) and highlighted ethanol concentration as a highly significant factor (p < 0.001). Optimal extraction conditions were identified as 52.8 °C, 8.3 h, and 74.1% ethanol. The SHQA-maximized extract (SME) contained 67.8 ± 0.6 mg SHQA/g and 25.00 ± 1.01 mg phloroglucinol equivalent/g. SME exhibited antioxidant capacity of 26.45 ± 0.66 mg and 28.74 ± 2.30 mg vitamin C equivalent/g in ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively, and 0.29 ± 0.02 mM FeSO₄ equivalent/g in the FRAP assay. Additionally, SME at 50 µg/mL and SHQA at 1 µg/mL inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in an H₂O₂-induced zebrafish model. This study presents the first optimization of SHQA extraction using RSM and demonstrates SHQA's ROS inhibition in a zebrafish model.

TRPA1 is a homotetrameric non-selective calcium-permeable channel. It contributes to chemical and temperature sensitivity, acute pain sensation, and development of inflammation. HCIQ2c1 is a peptide from the sea anemone Heteractis magnifica that inhibits serine proteases. Here, we showed that HCIQ2c1 significantly reduces AITC- and capsaicin-induced pain and inflammation in mice. Electrophysiology recordings in Xenopus oocytes expressing rat TRPA1 channel revealed that HCIQ2c1 binds to open TRPA1 and prevents its transition to closed and inhibitor-insensitive 'hyperactivated' states. NMR study of the ¹⁵N-labeled recombinant HCIQ2c1 analog described a classical Kunitz-type structure and revealed two dynamic hot-spots (loops responsible for protease binding and regions near the N- and C-termini) that exhibit simultaneous mobility on two timescales (ps-ns and μs-ms). In modelled HCIQ2c1/TRPA1 complex, the peptide interacts simultaneously with one voltage-sensing-like domain and two pore domain fragments from different channel's subunits, and with lipid molecules. The model explains stabilization of the channel in the open conformation and the restriction of 'hyperactivation', which are probably responsible for the observed analgetic activity. HCIQ2c1 is the third peptide ligand of TRPA1 from sea anemones and the first Kunitz-type ligand of this channel. HCIQ2c1 is a prototype of efficient analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Brown algae are vital structural elements and contributors to biodiversity in marine ecosystems. These organisms adapt to various environmental challenges by producing primary and secondary metabolites crucial for their survival, defense, and resilience. Besides their ecological role, these diverse metabolites have potential for biotechnological applications in industries including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food. A literature review was conducted encompassing studies from 2014-2024, evaluating the effects of hydrodynamics, temperature, light, nutrients, seasonality, and salinity on the chemical profiles of various Phaeophyceae algae species. Thirty original articles spanning 69 species from the Sargassaceae, Dictyotaceae, Fucaceae, and Scytosiphonaceae families were analyzed and systematically arranged, with a focus on methodologies and key findings. This review furthers ecological discussions on each environmental factor and explores the biotechnological potential of metabolites such as polysaccharides, fatty acids, phenolics, diterpenes, and pigments. The information in this work is beneficial for metabolite bioprospecting and in vitro cultivation models as well as indoor and outdoor cultivation studies.

Marine natural products are increasingly utilized in nutrition, cosmetics, and medicine, garnering significant attention from researchers globally. With the expansion of marine resource exploration in recent years, the demand for marine natural products has risen, necessitating rapid and cost-effective activity evaluations using model organisms. Zebrafish, a valuable vertebrate model, has become an efficient tool for screening and identifying safe, active molecules from marine natural products. This review, based on nearly 10 years of literature, summarizes the current status and progress of zebrafish models in evaluating marine natural product bioactivity. It also highlights their potential in exploring marine resources with health benefits, offering a reference for the future development and utilization of marine biological resources.

Marine microalgae are emerging as promising sources of polyphenols, renowned for their health-promoting benefits. Recovering polyphenols from microalgae requires suitable treatment and extraction techniques to ensure their release from the biomass and analytical methodologies to assess their efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of traditional and cutting-edge extraction and analytical procedures applied for polyphenolic characterization in marine microalgae over the past 26 years, with a unique perspective on optimizing their recovery and identification. It addresses (I) cell disruption techniques, including bead milling, high-speed homogenization, pulsed electric field, ultrasonication, microwave, freeze-thawing, and enzymatic/chemical hydrolysis; (II) extraction techniques, such as solid-liquid extraction, ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized-liquid extraction, and supercritical CO₂; (III) analytical methods, including total phenolic and flavonoid content assays and advanced chromatographic techniques like GC-MS, HPLC-DAD, and HPLC-MS. Key findings showed bead milling and chemical hydrolysis as effective cell disruption techniques, pressurized-liquid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction as promising efficient extraction methods, and HPLC-MS as the finest alternative for precise phenolic characterization. Unlike previous reviews, this study uniquely integrates both extractive and analytical approaches in one work, focusing exclusively on marine microalgae, a relatively underexplored area compared to freshwater species, offering actionable insights to guide future research and industrial applications.

The production of fucoxanthin and fatty acids in Conticribra weissflogii has been examined, but the role of elements like phosphorus in their mutualistic interactions is not well understood. To fill this gap, our study utilized potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄) as a source of phosphorus to examine its impact on the synthesis of fucoxanthin and fatty acids in C. weissflogii. Our findings revealed that at a phosphorus concentration of 10 mg L^-1, the cell density (9.5 × 10⁵ cells mL^-1), carotenoid concentration (1.67 mg g^-1), fucoxanthin concentration (0.91 mg L^-1), and fucoxanthin content (1.33 mg g^-1) were maximized. Additionally, at a phosphorus concentration of 20 mg L^-1, cell dry weight (0.76 ± 0.08 g L^-1), total fatty acid content, saturated fatty acids, and unsaturated fatty acids were all at their highest levels, making this concentration optimal for EPA accumulation. In conclusion, manipulating the phosphorus concentration can enhance the levels of fucoxanthin and unsaturated fatty acids in C. weissflogii, offering valuable insights into the co-production of these two high-value compounds within this species.

In this study, metagenomic analysis was employed to investigate the bacterial communities in the Muan tidal mudflat of the Republic of Korea. We used metagenomic analysis to identify the microbial community in tidal soil dominated by Proteobacteria. From this environment, the bacterial strain, Saccharomonospora sp. CMS18, was isolated and yielded two previously unknown compounds, penipaline D (3) and N-acetyl-dimethylallyltryptophan (4). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds along with 6-dimethylallyl-indole (1), 6-dimethylallyltryptophan (2), penipaline D (3), and N-acetyl-dimethylallyltryptophan (4) were structurally investigated using HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy. The isolated compound 6-dimethylallyl-indole (1) demonstrated broad-spectrum antifungal activity, with IC₅₀ value of 0.04 mM against Candida glabrata and 0.35 mM against both Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Additionally, it exhibited additive interaction with caspofungin against C. albicans.