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Depositional model of the Holocene coquinas - Albardão platform, southern Brazil 全新世科基纳斯沉积模型--巴西南部阿尔巴当平台
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2024.107346
Paul Michael Nii Anang Okoe , Elírio Ernestino Toldo Júnior , Cristiano Fick , Eduardo Puhl , Maria Luiza Correa da Camara Rosa , José Carlos Rodrigues Nunes , Francisco Eduardo G. Cruz , Vinicius Carbone B. de Oliveira

For the past decade, giant deepwater oil discoveries in the pre-salt section of the Campos and Santos basins of Brazil, have brought significant attention to offshore exploration activities along the South Atlantic margins. The prolific Cretaceous coquina deposits in these basins are part of the pre-salt rock record and constitute an effective but complex and heterogeneous hydrocarbon reservoir difficult to predict and model. Parting from this context, an evaluation of the sedimentological, structural and taphonomic criteria for coquinas are essential to better understand and predict the facies distribution and depositional models of the pre-salt coquinas strata. Based on this premise, the present work aims to genetically interpret 133 mixed carbonate-siliciclastic bottom sediments of the Albardão shelf – a modern marine coquina analogue, using facies description, investigating the relationship with hydrodynamic forces, and accessing the influence of morphology and structural framework on their deposition. From these analyses, we recognized a hybrid facies, three modern carbonate facies in analogy to the carbonate rock classification and four siliciclastic facies. These eight facies were then grouped into three facies associations representing high, moderate, and low energy facies. The high energy facies association comprises rudstones (Rf) and grainstones (Gf) with highly fragmented bivalve shells and barnacles abundantly present in the beach system, above the fair-weather wave base limit (FWWB). These facies also occur offshore on bathymetric highs above the storm wave base limit (SWB) but display less reworking than the coastal high energy facies above the FWWB due to wave shoaling. The moderate energy facies association consists of hybrid sand (Hs), sand (S) and muddy sand (mS) occurring between the FWWB and SWB limits in the offshore transition zone with extensive winnowing action and low rate of reworking. The low energy facies association includes sandy mud (sM), mud (M) and micritic mud (Mc), characterized by the decantation of the fine sediments below the offshore SWB limit. The results confirm a bottom facies distribution controlled by depth, shelf profile morphology and energy from incident waves. The fragmented rudstone and fragmented grainstone facies are the best-recognized reservoirs with both having high porosity and high permeability.

过去十年来,巴西坎波斯盆地和桑托斯盆地前盐段的巨大深水石油发现,使南大西洋边缘的近海勘探活动备受关注。这些盆地多产的白垩纪椰壳岩矿床是前盐岩记录的一部分,构成了一个有效但复杂的异质油气藏,难以预测和建模。因此,为了更好地了解和预测前盐层铜绿岩地层的岩相分布和沉积模型,必须对铜绿岩的沉积学、构造学和岩石学标准进行评估。在此前提下,本研究旨在通过面相描述对阿尔巴当大陆架的 133 个碳酸盐-硅质混合底层沉积物--现代海洋科基纳的类似物--进行基因解释,研究其与水动力的关系,并了解形态和结构框架对其沉积的影响。通过这些分析,我们确认了一个混合岩相、三个与碳酸盐岩分类类似的现代碳酸盐岩岩相和四个硅质岩相。然后将这八个岩相分为三个岩相组合,分别代表高能岩相、中能岩相和低能岩相。高能地貌群包括泥岩(Rf)和谷物岩(Gf),在海滩系统中大量存在高度破碎的双壳贝类和藤壶,高于全天候波浪基线(FWWB)。这些岩层也出现在风暴潮基底界限(SWB)以上的近海测深高地,但由于波浪的阻挡,其再加工程度低于 FWWB 以上的沿岸高能岩层。中等能量面群包括混合砂 (Hs)、砂 (S) 和泥砂 (mS),出现在近海过渡带的 FWWB 和 SWB 限制之间,具有广泛的绞吸作用,再加工率低。低能量面系包括砂泥(sM)、泥(M)和微砂泥(Mc),其特征是细沉积物在近海西南断面界限以下倾析。研究结果证实,海底岩相分布受深度、陆棚剖面形态和入射波能量的控制。碎屑裸岩和碎屑粒岩是公认的最佳储层,两者都具有高孔隙度和高渗透率。
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引用次数: 0
Magmatism along the Nansha Trough on the southern continental margin of the South China Sea: Recent evidence from along-strike seismic profile 中国南海南部大陆边缘南沙海槽岩浆活动:沿走向地震剖面的最新证据
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2024.107344
Chufeng Guo , Yong Tang , Yinxia Fang , Chunyang Wang , Xiaodong Wei , He Li , Peng Chao , Tianyi Yang , Zhibin Song , Jianye Ren , Jiabiao Li

The Nansha Trough (NT) is part of the southern continental margin boundary of the South China Sea (SCS). It has undergone complex tectonic superposition and evolutionary processes involving the subduction demise of the Proto-SCS and subsequent spreading of the SCS. This study provides the first systematic identification and analysis of igneous bodies and seamounts along the NT, based on a multi-channel seismic profile (NDL1) recently acquired along it. The seamounts within the trough are of magmatic origin and the carbonate build-ups observed at the summits of some seamounts exhibit a substantial thickness. Igneous bodies within the trough are consistently associated with high P-wave anomalies. Furthermore, at the eastern and western sides, there are distinct gravity-magnetic-anomaly patterns. On the eastern side, Yinqing Seamount, Nanle Hill and volcanic mounds show high gravity and strong negative magnetic anomalies. In contrast, on the western side, Jinghong Seamount, Yangshu Hill and intrusive bodies show less pronounced magnetic anomalies. This difference may be related to differences in magmatic periods. Unlike the extensive post-spreading magmatism in the SCS's northern margin and deep basin, the most widespread magmatic activity in the NT occurred at ca. 16 Ma before decreasing during the Miocene. This decrease may be closely related to subduction cessation in the Proto-SCS and the collision between the Nansha Block and Borneo. The identification and analysis of NT igneous bodies and their evolutionary processes help delineate the southern boundary of magmatism at the SCS margin. They also provide crucial information for constraining the magmatic processes of Proto-SCS subduction termination and SCS spreading evolution.

南沙海槽(NT)是中国南海(SCS)南部大陆边边界的一部分。它经历了复杂的构造叠加和演化过程,包括原南中国海的俯冲消亡和随后南中国海的扩张。本研究根据最近获得的沿北部湾多道地震剖面(NDL1),首次对北部湾沿岸的火成岩体和海山进行了系统识别和分析。海槽内的海山源于岩浆,在一些海山山顶观测到的碳酸盐堆积厚度很大。海槽内的火成岩体始终与高 P 波异常有关。此外,在东西两侧,重力-磁异常模式截然不同。在东侧,银清海山、南乐山和火山丘呈现高重力和强负磁异常。相比之下,西侧的景洪海山、羊蹄山和侵入体的磁异常不明显。这种差异可能与岩浆期的不同有关。与南中国海北缘和深海盆地广泛的扩张后岩浆活动不同,北部最广泛的岩浆活动发生在约16Ma,然后在中生代逐渐减少。16Ma,然后在中新世逐渐减少。这种活动的减少可能与原南中国海俯冲停止以及南沙区块与婆罗洲的碰撞密切相关。对NT火成岩体及其演化过程的识别和分析有助于划定南中国海边缘岩浆活动的南部边界。它们还为制约原南中国海俯冲终止和南中国海扩张演化的岩浆过程提供了重要信息。
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引用次数: 0
Insights on gas hydrate formation and growth within an interbedded sand reservoir from well logging at the Qiongdongnan basin, South China Sea 从南海琼东南盆地测井揭示层间砂储层中天然气水合物的形成和生长过程
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2024.107343

Although variable well log resolution and its control on saturation estimation has been studied, it has not been directly applied to a specific location to explore the nature of gas hydrate within a sand reservoir. We applied in-situ measurements of resistivities, neutron porosity, and gamma ray at two sites in the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea (QDN-W05–2021 and QDN-W08–2021) to investigate the reservoir parameters of a hydrate-bearing sand reservoir. Our results show that gas hydrate is distributed in 5 zones with a total thickness of 10.7 m and an average saturation of 69% at the QDN-W05–2021 site, while they are distributed in 2 zones with a total thickness of 4.3 m and an average saturation of 49% at the QDN-W08–2021 site. We found that variances in saturations estimated from lateral-extra deep button (RX), phase shift (P40H-P40L), and attenuation (A40H-A40L) resistivities within the laterally mapped continuous sand body were affected by the nature of gas hydrate occurrences. Results indicate gas hydrate forms and accumulates at the center of the sand layer and tends to be less or not present toward the top and base. Integrated with seismic data, the in-situ measurements provide insights in the evolution of a mushroom-shaped, hydrate-gas reservoir system. In the system, free gas is likely horizontally transported from the top-center of the gas chimney to the surrounding areas in the early stage dominated by a warm-gas environment, whereas hydrate forms in the opposite pathway starting from the surrounding areas in the following stage with temperature reducing. Our study suggests that high-resolution in-situ measurements not only are a tool to identify the physical properties, but also can be used to help explain the physical process of hydrate growth and accumulation.

虽然已经对可变测井分辨率及其对饱和度估算的控制进行了研究,但还没有将其直接应用于特定地点来探索砂储层中天然气水合物的性质。我们在南海琼东南盆地的两个地点(QDN-W05-2021 和 QDN-W08-2021)应用电阻率、中子孔隙度和伽马射线的原位测量来研究含水合物砂储层的储层参数。我们的结果表明,在 QDN-W05-2021 地质点,气体水合物分布在 5 个区域,总厚度为 10.7 米,平均饱和度为 69%;而在 QDN-W08-2021 地质点,气体水合物分布在 2 个区域,总厚度为 4.3 米,平均饱和度为 49%。我们发现,根据横向测绘的连续砂体内部的横向-超深按钮(RX)、相移(P40H-P40L)和衰减(A40H-A40L)电阻率估算的饱和度差异受到天然气水合物存在性质的影响。结果表明,天然气水合物在砂层中心形成并聚集,在顶部和底部则较少或不存在。结合地震数据,现场测量结果为蘑菇状水合物气藏系统的演变提供了启示。在该系统中,游离气体很可能在以暖气环境为主的早期阶段从气体烟囱的顶部中心向周围地区水平输送,而在温度降低的后期阶段,水合物则以相反的路径从周围地区开始形成。我们的研究表明,高分辨率原位测量不仅是确定物理性质的工具,还可以用来帮助解释水合物生长和积累的物理过程。
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引用次数: 0
Submarine volcanism in the Sicilian Channel revisited 重访西西里海峡的海底火山活动
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2024.107342
Aaron Micallef , Jörg Geldmacher , Sebastian F.L. Watt , Giulia Matilde Ferrante , Jonathan Ford , Emanuele Lodolo , Dario Civile , Alastair G.E. Hodgetts , Meret Felgendreher , Jacqueline Grech Licari , Folkmar Hauff , Silke Hauff , Jakob Lang , Kerys Meredew , Maxim Portnyagin , Christian Timm , Christian Berndt , Danilo Cavallaro , Filippo Muccini , Kaj Hoernle

The origin and role of volcanism in continental rifts remains poorly understood in comparison to other volcano-tectonic settings. The Sicilian Channel (central Mediterranean Sea) is largely floored by continental crust and represents an area affected by pronounced crustal extension and strike-slip tectonism. It hosts a variety of volcanic landforms closely associated with faults, which can be used to better understand the nature and distribution of rift-related volcanism. A paucity of appropriate seafloor data in the Sicilian Channel has led to uncertainties regarding the location, volume, sources and timing of submarine volcanism. To improve on this situation, we use newly acquired geophysical data (multibeam echosounder and magnetic data, sub-bottom profiles) and dredged seafloor samples to: (i) re-assess the evidence for submarine volcanism in the Sicilian Channel and define its spatial pattern, (ii) infer the relative age and style of magmatism, and (iii) relate this to the dominant tectonic structures in the region. Quaternary rift-related volcanism has been focused at Pantelleria and Linosa, at the northwest boundaries of their respective NW-SE trending grabens. Subsidiary and older volcanic sites potentially occur at the Linosa III and Pantelleria SE seamounts, collectively representing the only sites of recent volcanism that can be directly related to the main rift process. These long-lived polygenetic volcanic landforms have been shaped by magmatism that is directly correlated with extensional faulting and buried igneous bodies. Older volcanic landforms, sharing a similar scale and alignment, occur to the north at Nameless Bank and Adventure Bank. These deeply eroded volcanoes have likely been inactive since the Pliocene and are probably related to earlier stages of crustal thinning and underlying feeder structures in the northern region of the Sicilian Channel. Along a similar alignment, Pinne Bank, SE Pinne Bank and Cimotoe in the northern Sicilian Channel lack a surface volcanic signature but are associated with intrusive bodies or deeply buried volcanic rock masses. Terrible Bank, in the same region, also shows evidence of ancient, polygenetic magmatism, but was subject to significant erosion and lacks a prominent alignment. The much younger volcanism at Graham Volcanic Field and along the northern Capo-Granitola-Sciacca Fault Zone differs markedly from that observed in the other study areas. Here, the low-volume and scattered volcanic activity is driven by shallow-water mafic magma eruptions, which gave rise to small individual cones. These sites are associated with large fault structures away from the main rift axis and may have a distinct magmatic origin. Dispersed active fluid venting occurs across both ancient and young volcanic sites in the region and is directly associated with shallow magmatic bodies within tectonically-controlled basins. Our study provides the foundation for an updated tectonic and magmatic framework

与其他火山构造环境相比,人们对大陆裂谷中火山活动的起源和作用仍然知之甚少。西西里海峡(地中海中部)主要由大陆地壳覆盖,是受明显地壳延伸和走向滑动构造影响的地区。这里有各种与断层密切相关的火山地貌,可用于更好地了解与断裂有关的火山活动的性质和分布。西西里海峡缺乏适当的海底数据,导致海底火山活动的位置、数量、来源和时间不确定。为了改善这种状况,我们利用新获得的地球物理数据(多波束回声测深仪和磁力数据、海底剖面图)和海底疏浚样本:(i) 重新评估西西里海峡海底火山活动的证据并确定其空间模式,(ii) 推断岩浆活动的相对年龄和类型,(iii) 将其与该地区的主要构造结构联系起来。第四纪与裂谷有关的火山活动主要集中在潘泰勒利亚和利诺萨,位于各自西北-东南走向地堑的西北边界。在利诺萨三期和潘泰勒利亚东南部海隆可能有附属火山和更古老的火山,它们是近期火山活动中唯一与主裂谷过程直接相关的地点。这些长寿命的多基因火山地貌是由岩浆活动形成的,与延伸断层和埋藏的火成岩体直接相关。北面的无名滩和探险滩有更古老的火山地貌,其规模和排列方式相似。这些深度侵蚀的火山很可能从上新世开始就处于不活动状态,很可能与地壳减薄的早期阶段以及西西里海峡北部地区的底层馈源结构有关。沿着类似的路线,西西里海峡北部的平恩浅滩、平恩浅滩东南部和西莫托伊缺乏地表火山特征,但与侵入体或深埋的火山岩块有关。同一地区的特里普利特浅滩也显示出古老的多源岩浆活动,但受到严重侵蚀,缺乏明显的排列。格雷厄姆火山场和卡波-格拉尼托拉-斯基亚卡断裂带北部沿线的火山活动要年轻得多,与其他研究地区观察到的火山活动明显不同。这里的火山活动量小且分散,是由浅水岩浆喷发驱动的,并形成了单个的小火山锥。这些地点与远离主裂谷轴线的大型断层结构有关,可能具有独特的岩浆起源。分散的活性流体喷发出现在该地区古老和年轻的火山地点,并与构造控制盆地内的浅层岩浆体直接相关。我们的研究为更新西西里海峡的构造和岩浆框架以及未来对该地区岩浆过程的来源和演变进行详细的年代学和地球化学评估奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic behaviors of suspended sediment and chlorophyll-a in intertidal flats under episodic meteorological events 偶发气象事件下潮间带滩涂悬浮泥沙和叶绿素-a 的动态行为
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2024.107341
Hun Jun Ha , Jong Seong Khim , Ho Kyung Ha

Intertidal flats are important shallow-water habitats and buffers against coastal erosion. Strong, short-lasting meteorological events, such as storms and rainfall, are the main mechanisms of transporting (in)organic materials and sediments. Two in-situ mooring systems were installed simultaneously in the tidal channel and mudflat of Jeungdo, Korea, to understand the dynamic behaviors of suspended sediment and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) under the episodic events. During fair-weather periods with a distinct tidal cycle, the sediment in the mudflat was resuspended during the flood and then advected to the tidal channel during the ebb. The maximum suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and chl-a under storm event were approximately 9 and 2 times higher than those under fair-weather periods, respectively. Under rainfall event, the maxima were approximately 7 and 1.2 times higher than fair-weather, suggesting that sediment and microphytobenthos were highest resuspended by the meteorological events. In addition, a time lag (∼ 1.5 h) between SSC and chl-a occurred in the tidal channel during ebb tide with a rainfall event. During the post-rainfall periods, the SSC and chl-a increased, showing a positive relationship with the bed shear stress, suggesting that the rainfall event could reduce sediment stabilization.

潮间带滩涂是重要的浅水生境,也是防止海岸侵蚀的缓冲区。强烈、短暂的气象事件,如风暴和降雨,是(非)有机物和沉积物迁移的主要机制。为了了解偶发事件下悬浮沉积物和叶绿素-a(chl-a)的动态行为,在韩国正岛的潮汐河道和泥滩同时安装了两个原位系泊系统。在具有明显潮汐周期的晴天期间,泥滩中的沉积物在洪水期被重新悬浮,然后在退潮期被平移到潮汐通道中。暴雨期的最大悬浮泥沙浓度(SSC)和 chl-a 分别比平水期高约 9 倍和 2 倍。在降雨事件下,最大悬浮泥沙浓度和 chl-a 分别是晴天时的约 7 倍和 1.2 倍,表明气象事件对泥沙和微底栖生物的再悬浮作用最大。此外,在降雨退潮期间,潮汐河道中的 SSC 和 chl-a 之间出现了时滞(∼ 1.5 小时)。在降雨后的时间段内,SSC 和 chl-a 增加,与河床剪应力呈正相关,表明降雨事件可能会降低沉积物的稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of the Storegga event offshore Shetland 确定设得兰近海的斯托雷加事件
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2024.107334
Jane L. Earland , James D. Scourse , Tobias Ehmen , Sev Kender , Philippa Ascough

The Shetland Islands (UK) are a seminal location for investigating palaeo-tsunami deposits. Onshore evidence suggests three tsunami have occurred during the Holocene: the Storegga tsunami ca. 8150 cal yr BP, the Garth tsunami ca. 5500 cal yr BP and the Dury Voe tsunami ca. 1500 cal yr BP. However, little research has been published on the impact of tsunami on the subtidal shelf where a large amount of North Sea hydrocarbon infrastructure is located. Here, we test the hypothesis that Holocene tsunami impacted shelf sediments, using radiocarbon dating and sedimentological characterization of cores recovered from the Fetlar Basin, offshore east Shetland. The cores contain distinct sand and shell lenses within a Holocene mud sequence, indicating a sudden change in hydrodynamic conditions. Radiocarbon dates bracketing the sand lenses overlap with the published dates for the Storegga event. Dates within the deposit are older (>9 cal. yr BP) which is consistent with reworking and redeposition of earlier sediments. Particle size analysis, ITRAX and MSCL data evidence increases in mean grain size, a reduction in sorting capacity, increased shell concentrations and peaks in associated elements (log(Ca/Fe), log(Ca/Ti) and Sr). These attributes indicate transport of allochthonous material from the inner shelf, and are typical of tsunami backwash-generated submarine debris flows. No evidence was found within the cores for any later Holocene tsunami, which may be due to either bioturbation, active currents, or lack of an initial deposit. The disturbance of sediments, and generation of a submarine debris flow within the Fetlar Basin by the Storegga event highlights the need to assess the potential impact of any future tsunami on planned and existing infrastructure at seabed. Erosion and deposition of allochthonous older marine sediment by the Storegga event also has consequence for interpretation of the coeval 8.2 ka cold event in marine sedimentary records in the tsunami affected region.

设得兰群岛(英国)是研究古海啸沉积的重要地点。陆上证据表明,全新世期间发生过三次海啸:Storegga 海啸(约公元前 8150 年)、Garth 海啸(约公元前 5500 年)和 Dury Voe 海啸(约公元前 1500 年)。然而,关于海啸对潮下大陆架的影响的研究却很少,而北海的大量油气基础设施都位于潮下大陆架。在这里,我们通过对从设得兰岛东部近海的费特拉尔盆地采集的岩芯进行放射性碳年代测定和沉积学特征描述,验证了全新世海啸影响大陆架沉积物的假设。这些岩芯在全新世泥浆序列中含有明显的沙粒和贝壳透镜体,表明水动力条件发生了突变。沙粒透镜的放射性碳年代与已公布的斯托雷加事件的年代重叠。沉积层内的日期更早(公元前 9 年),这与早期沉积物的再加工和再沉积一致。粒度分析、ITRAX 和 MSCL 数据表明,平均粒度增大,分选能力降低,贝壳浓度增加,相关元素(log(Ca/Fe)、log(Ca/Ti) 和 Sr)达到峰值。这些特征表明来自内大陆架的同源物质的迁移,是典型的海啸逆冲产生的海底碎屑流。在岩芯中没有发现任何全新世后期海啸的证据,这可能是由于生物扰动、活跃海流或缺乏初始沉积物造成的。斯托雷加事件对菲特拉尔盆地沉积物的扰动和海底泥石流的产生,突出表明有必要评估未来海啸对海底已规划和现有基础设施的潜在影响。斯托雷加事件对同源的老海洋沉积物的侵蚀和沉积还对海啸影响区域海洋沉积记录中的同时期 8.2 ka 寒冷事件的解释产生了影响。
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引用次数: 0
Stratigraphic and paleoceanographic alternations within a Mediterranean semi-enclosed, syn-rift basin during Marine Isotope Stage 5: The Gulf of Corinth, Greece 海洋同位素第 5 阶段地中海半封闭同步断裂盆地内的地层和古海洋交替:希腊科林斯湾
IF 2.9 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2024.107340
Spyros Sergiou , Maria Geraga , Sofia Pechlivanidou , Robert L. Gawthorpe , Ulysses Ninnemann , Anna-Nele Meckler , Sevasti Modestou , Dimitra Angelopoulou , Dimitra Antoniou , Paula Diz , Lisa McNeill , Donna J. Shillington , George Papatheodorou

The Gulf of Corinth represents an ideal setting for studying the impact of sea level changes and regional climate on a semi-enclosed, syn-rift basin. Here we investigate the stratigraphic and paleoceanographic variability recorded in the sedimentary succession of the basin over the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 period when global sea level and climatic conditions along the eastern Mediterranean exhibited pronounced fluctuations. We used sedimentological (granulometry, composition), micropaleontological (planktic and benthic foraminifera), and isotopic (stable δ18O, δ13C, and clumped isotope) proxies on core samples from site M0079A (IODP Expedition 381) combined with additional data from the expedition overview and records from the surrounding area. The sedimentary succession comprises an alternating pattern of a) bioturbated, biogenic-rich deposits associated with increased hemipelagic sedimentation with b) partly bedded, detrital-rich sediments attributed to intercalated sediment gravity flows within the hemipelagic background under low oxic sea-surface conditions, and c) aragonite-rich laminated deposits, indicating either transitional conditions between marine and isolated environment or a highly stratified seawater column and low oxygen seafloor conditions. We find that the Gulf of Corinth lay under marine conditions for nearly the entire MIS 5 period, while the Rion sill would have been possibly shallower, even 10 m, than the current depth. Nevertheless, water exchange was restricted during the MIS 5a – MIS 4 transition when the sea level fluctuated very close to the sill height. The hydrological conditions within the Gulf during most of the highstands MIS 5a, 5c, and 5e reflect higher oxygen levels and/or increased nutrient availability compared to the Holocene and present-day regime. The combined effects of Ionian Sea inflows and enhanced riverine runoff led to increased water column stratification and low oxygen, eutrophic seafloor conditions in the Gulf of Corinth during times of high precipitation in southern Europe and deposition of sapropels S3, S4, and S5 throughout the eastern Mediterranean. In contrast, during periods of widespread cold and arid conditions in the eastern Mediterranean, water column mixing was intense within the Gulf. Prevalent marine conditions are also proposed during the MIS 5b and 5d lowstands, yet associated with predominately bedded-detrital sediments in the Gulf. A complementary investigation in the adjoining Patras Gulf is suggested to fully comprehend the dynamics of climate and sea level changes in complex rift systems.

科林斯湾是研究海平面变化和区域气候对半封闭、同步裂谷盆地影响的理想场所。在此,我们研究了该盆地沉积演替在海洋同位素阶段(MIS)5 期间所记录的地层和古海洋学变异性,当时全球海平面和地中海东部沿岸的气候条件呈现出明显的波动。我们对来自 M0079A 站点(IODP 381 考察队)的岩心样本使用了沉积学(粒度测量、成分)、微古生物学(浮游和底栖有孔虫)和同位素(稳定 δ18O、δ13C 和团块同位素)代用指标,并结合了考察队概览和周边地区记录中的其他数据。沉积演替包括以下交替模式:a) 生物扰动、富含生物成因的沉积物,与增加的半沉积作用有关;b) 部分着床、富含碎屑的沉积物,归因于低氧海面条件下半沉积背景中的夹层沉积重力流;c) 富含文石的层状沉积物,表明海洋环境与孤立环境之间的过渡条件或高度分层的海水水柱和低氧海底条件。我们发现,科林斯湾几乎在整个 MIS 5 期间都处于海洋条件下,而里翁山体可能比现在的深度更浅,甚至浅 10 米。然而,在 MIS 5a - MIS 4 过渡期间,水交换受到了限制,当时的海平面波动非常接近山麓高度。在 MIS 5a、5c 和 5e 的大部分高位期,海湾内的水文条件反映出与全新世和现今的水文条件相比,海湾内的含氧量更高,且/或养分供应量增加。在欧洲南部降水量较高以及整个地中海东部沉积了 S3、S4 和 S5 树液的时期,爱奥尼亚海流入量和河流径流量增加的综合影响导致科林斯湾水柱分层和低氧、富营养化海底条件加剧。与此相反,在地中海东部普遍寒冷和干旱期间,科林斯湾内的水柱混合十分激烈。在 MIS 5b 和 5d 低地期间,还提出了普遍的海洋条件,但与海湾中主要的层状-碎屑沉积物有关。建议对毗邻的帕特雷湾进行补充调查,以全面了解复杂裂谷系统中气候和海平面变化的动态。
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引用次数: 0
An improved method for semi-automated identification of submarine canyons and sea channels using digital bathymetric analysis 利用数字测深分析半自动化识别海底峡谷和海道的改进方法
IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2024.107339
Shenghao Shi, Murray Richardson

Submarine canyons are the key structures of the transitional area between the deep ocean floor and continental shelf known as the continental slope. They are important submarine features with high ecological, economic, and scientific value. With continual improvements to global and regional marine bathymetry products, digital bathymetric analysis (DBA) techniques must evolve to support ongoing marine geological research and to advance international bathymetric feature catalogs and mapping products. This study aims to further advance the delineation of submarine canyons and associated sea channels using DBA and the recent open-access GEBCO_2019 global bathymetry grid with 15 arc-second resolution, for a small study region in the southern Celtic Sea. A modified semi-automated delineation method is presented based on combining hydrological network analysis and the topographic position index (TPI), a commonly used parameter available in conventional digital terrain analysis toolsets. For the case-study area of interest, 96 submarine canyons were identified, with higher morphological detail than the previous ETOPO1 and SRTM30_PLUS based studies, which identified 81 and 52 submarine canyons, respectively for the same area of interest. The improvements include an increased number of vertices and limbs per canyon, increased positional precision for canyon starting points and endpoints, and the ability to identify associated sea channels. The results also highlight the importance of pre-processing and parameter localization to effectively exploit higher-resolution bathymetric data, which should also improve scale adaptability for application in different types of continental margins and with high-resolution bathymetry products. Future studies will benefit from the TPI-based identification process proposed in this study to identify submarine canyons and channels on other continental slopes, and to delineate different types of linear depressions from high-resolution digital bathymetry.

海底峡谷是深洋底和大陆架之间过渡区域(即大陆坡)的主要结构。它们是重要的海底地貌,具有很高的生态、经济和科学价值。随着全球和区域海洋测深产品的不断改进,数字测深分析(DBA)技术必须不断发展,以支持正在进行的海洋地质研究,并推动国际测深特征目录和测绘产品的发展。本研究旨在利用 DBA 和最近开放的 GEBCO_2019 全球水深测量网格(分辨率为 15 弧秒),在凯尔特海南部的一个小型研究区域进一步推进海底峡谷和相关海道的划定工作。在结合水文网络分析和地形位置指数(TPI)(传统数字地形分析工具集中的常用参数)的基础上,提出了一种改进的半自动划界方法。与之前基于 ETOPO1 和 SRTM30_PLUS 的研究(在同一研究区域分别识别出 81 和 52 个海底峡谷)相比,该方法识别出 96 个海底峡谷,形态细节更高。这些改进包括增加了每个峡谷的顶点和肢点数量,提高了峡谷起点和终点的定位精度,以及识别相关海道的能力。研究结果还强调了预处理和参数定位对有效利用更高分辨率水深数据的重要性,这也将提高应用于不同类型大陆边缘和高分辨率水深产品的尺度适应性。未来的研究将受益于本研究提出的基于 TPI 的识别过程,以识别其他大陆坡上的海底峡谷和通道,并从高分辨率数字水深测量数据中划分出不同类型的线性洼地。
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引用次数: 0
Sedimentary record of water-sediment regulation and channel shifts in the Yellow River (Huanghe) Delta 黄河三角洲水沙调节和河道变迁的沉积记录
IF 2.9 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2024.107338
Shuqing Qiao , Xuefa Shi , Jianbu Wang , Lin Zhou , Yonggui Yu , Naishuang Bi , Limin Hu , Gang Yang , Zhengquan Yao

Delta are vital habitats for people and biotic communities. Many of the world's large river deltas are shrinking because of relative sea level rise and intensifying human interventions in the basin. Among these, the Yellow River Delta (hereafter YRD) has been enormously impacted by frequent channel avulsions and a Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme (WSRS) through upstream reservoirs since 2002. However, it remains undisclosed how the YRD responses to these human interventions. Here, modern sedimentation and inter-annual to multi-decadal timescales evolution of the YRD were studied using a dataset including 10 sediment cores collected in the subaqueous delta during the 2014 WSRS, satellite images, hydrographic and bathymetric data from 1976 to 2014. Our results show that the sedimentation of the delta can be divided into three stages: 1976–1995, 1996–2001, and 2002–2014. The area of subaerial delta generally increased from 3884 km2 to 4441 km2 during the whole 1976–2014 period except for a net land loss during 1996–2000. >70% of the delta coastline became artificial after 2000. Bathymetric data reveals that the subaqueous delta was seriously eroded after 1996 due to a shortage of sediment supply, with an estimated 2.3 × 108 t/yr and 1.1 × 108 t/yr of sediment respectively transported to the delta's adjacent sea during 1996–2001 and 2002–2014. The deltaic sediment became coarser due to the impact of the WSRS. Radionuclide 7Be uncovers a rapid sediment accumulation of ∼12 cm at the active delta front during the 2014 WSRS. The evolution of the YRD has become complex under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. The YRD thus provides an exemplar shift from natural to human-dominated delta. These results are important for the delta management decision making.

三角洲是人类和生物群落的重要栖息地。由于海平面相对上升和人类对流域的干预加剧,世界上许多大河三角洲都在缩小。其中,黄河三角洲(以下简称 "长三角")就受到了频繁的河道崩塌和 2002 年以来通过上游水库实施的水沙调节计划(WSRS)的巨大影响。然而,长三角地区是如何应对这些人为干预的,至今仍是一个未知数。在此,我们利用一个数据集(包括在 2014 年水沙调节计划期间在水下三角洲采集的 10 个沉积物岩芯)、卫星图像、1976 年至 2014 年的水文地理和测深数据,研究了长江三角洲的现代沉积和跨年度至跨年代的时间尺度演变。研究结果表明,三角洲的沉积过程可分为三个阶段:1976-1995年、1996-2001年和2002-2014年。在整个 1976-2014 年期间,除了 1996-2000 年期间出现土地净损失外,三角洲陆下面积总体上从 3884 平方公里增加到 4441 平方公里。水深数据显示,1996 年后,由于泥沙供应不足,水下三角洲受到严重侵蚀,1996-2001 年和 2002-2014 年间,估计分别有 2.3 × 108 吨/年和 1.1 × 108 吨/年的泥沙被输送到三角洲邻近海域。由于 WSRS 的影响,三角洲沉积物变得更加粗糙。放射性核素 7Be 发现,在 2014 年 WSRS 期间,活动三角洲前沿的沉积物快速堆积了 12 厘米。在自然和人为因素的影响下,YRD 的演变变得十分复杂。因此,长三角提供了一个从自然三角洲向人类主导三角洲转变的范例。这些结果对三角洲管理决策具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
An exceptional record of soft-sediment deformation within Pliocene deposits of Faro Drift (SW Iberia margin) - IODP Expedition 339 Sites U1386 and U1387 法鲁漂移带(伊比利亚西南缘)上新世沉积物软沉积变形的特殊记录--IODP 339 考察队 U1386 和 U1387 号站点
IF 2.9 3区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2024.107335
Cristina Roque , Davide Gamboa , Filipe M. Rosas , Naohisa Nishida , Débora Duarte , Emmanuelle Ducassou

The occurrence of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) have long been recognized in several types of sedimentary environments and deposits. However, their presence in contourite drift deposits is still unreported in the literature. In this work, we present the first detailed description of SSDS found within the Pliocene sedimentary record of the Faro Drift, recovered during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 339. The Faro Drift is the largest contourite drift of the Contourite Drift Depositional System developed in the Gulf of Cadiz since the Late Miocene by the circulation of the Mediterranean Outflow Water. The SSDS were identified in archive-halves of core sections located between ∼458 and ∼ 510 m below seafloor (mbsf) (hole U1386C), and between ∼599 and ∼ 670 mbsf (hole U1387C). Their identification and characterization was made by visual core description, structural geometrical analysis in core-scan high-resolution images, and scanning electron microcopy (SEM) analysis in selected intervals. The SSDS were classified based on the exhibited geometry, structural configuration and respective kinematics. The main deformation process and potential trigger were inferred from the geometrical and kinematics analysis. We identified five categories of SSDS: i) microfaults (normal and thrust faults), ii) slump sheet (formed by several types of folds, such as eye-folds, fish-hook folds, spiral folds), iii) convolute bedding, iv) folds within debrite mudclasts', and v) sigmoidal-like structures. Although the first three are well known types of SSDS, the folds within debrite mudclasts' and sigmoid-like structures have been scarcely recognized and described at core-scale. The inferred deformation processes responsible for the formation of these SSDS were i) brittle deformation by hydrofracturing and compaction faulting (microfaults), ii) hydroplastic (ductile) deformation (slump folds, folds within debrite mudclasts'), iii) liquefaction (convolute bedding), iv) shearing by flow movement (sigmoid-like structures). The most probable triggering agents seem to have been overloading, downslope movement of slump sheet and debris flow, and shearing by currents.

软沉积变形结构(SSDS)在几种类型的沉积环境和沉积中的出现早已得到认可。然而,在等高线漂移沉积中出现这种结构的文献仍未见报道。在这项研究中,我们首次详细描述了在综合大洋钻探计划(IODP)第 339 次探险中发现的法鲁漂流的上新世沉积记录中的 SSDS。法罗漂流是加的斯湾自晚中新世以来由地中海外流水环流形成的等高线漂流沉积系统中最大的等高线漂流。在位于海床下 458 至 510 米(U1386C 号钻孔)和 599 至 670 米(U1387C 号钻孔)之间的岩心断面的档案瓶中,对 SSDS 进行了鉴定。通过对岩心的目视描述、岩心扫描高分辨率图像的结构几何分析以及对选定区间的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析,对它们进行了识别和特征描述。根据所展示的几何形状、结构构造和各自的运动学特征,对 SSDS 进行了分类。根据几何和运动学分析推断出主要变形过程和潜在触发因素。我们确定了五类 SSDS:i)微断层(正断层和推力断层);ii)坍塌片(由几种类型的褶皱形成,如眼状褶皱、鱼钩状褶皱、螺旋状褶皱);iii)卷曲层理;iv)泥质碎屑岩内的褶皱;v)类曲线结构。虽然前三种是众所周知的 SSDS 类型,但在岩心尺度上,人们很少认识和描述软玉泥壳内的褶皱和类弧形结构。据推断,形成这些 SSDS 的变形过程包括:i) 由水力断裂和压实断层(微断层)引起的脆性变形;ii) 水塑(韧性)变形(坍塌褶皱、脱墨质泥质岩内部的褶皱);iii) 液化(卷曲层理);iv) 由流动运动引起的剪切(类曲线结构)。最有可能的触发因素似乎是超载、坍塌片和泥石流的下坡运动以及水流的剪切作用。
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Marine Geology
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