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A Possibility to Synchronously Improve the High-Temperature Strength and Ductility in Face-Centered Cubic Metals Through Grain Boundary Engineering 通过晶界工程同步提高面心立方金属高温强度和塑性的可能性
Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3595044
Xiao Wu Li, F. Shi, H. Ji, X.W. Li
Abstract To examine the influence of grain boundary engineering (GBE) on the high-temperature mechanical properties of face-centered cubic (FCC) metals, the tensile tests were carried out at 723 K on the non-GBE and GBE Cu-16at.%Al alloy samples. The GBE treatment increases the deformation uniformity and cracking resistance, thus effectively improves the high-temperature ductility. Moreover, the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of the GBE sample is significantly suppressed due to the reduction of the Gibbs free energy, impeding the high-temperature softening. Therefore, the high-temperature strength and ductility of FCC metals might be synchronously improved by a GBE treatment under the premise that DRX occurs.
摘要:为了研究晶界工程对面心立方(FCC)金属高温力学性能的影响,对非晶界工程和GBE晶界工程Cu-16at进行了723 K的拉伸试验。%铝合金样品。GBE处理提高了变形均匀性和抗裂性,有效提高了高温延展性。此外,由于吉布斯自由能的降低,GBE样品的动态再结晶(DRX)明显受到抑制,阻碍了高温软化。因此,在发生DRX的前提下,GBE处理可以同步提高FCC金属的高温强度和塑性。
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引用次数: 25
Tumor Cell Membrane-Based Peptide Delivery System Targeting to Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Immunotherapy and Diagnosis 靶向肿瘤微环境的肿瘤细胞膜肽递送系统用于肿瘤免疫治疗和诊断
Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3708570
Xiangzhou Meng, Jiaojiao Wang, Qingmei Tian, Qie Bo, Zhou Gan, Duan Wei, Zhu YiMin
The development of effective delivery system for peptides targeting to the tumor microenvironment has always been a hot topic in the field of cancer diagnosis and therapy. A multifunctional delivery system by encapsulating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO NPs) with tumor cell membrane obtained by hypotonic lysis followed by mechanical fragmentation was constructed to effectively deliver therapeutic peptides. SPIO nanoparticles were encapsulated with H460 lung cancer cell membranes (SPIO NP@M) and peptides consisted of PD-L1 inhibitory peptide (TPP-1) and MMP2 substrate peptide (PLGLLG) was conjugated to H460 membrane (SPIO NP@M-P). The abilities of homologous targeting, cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetics, and tumor targeting ability of SPIO NP@M-P were evaluated. TPP-1 peptide was delivered and released to the tumor microenvironment through the homotypic effect of tumor cell membrane and specific digestion by the tumor specific enzyme, MMP2. The newly developed delivery system (SPIO NP@M-P) for PD-L1 inhibitory peptide could effectively extend the half-life of the peptides (60 times longer) and meanwhile maintain the ability to re-activate T cell and inhibit the tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, SPIO NPs in the system could be used as a tumor imaging agent and thus indicate the effect of peptide treatment. The SPIO NP@M might provide a promising theranostic platform for therapeutic peptide application in cancer therapy.
开发靶向肿瘤微环境的多肽有效递送系统一直是肿瘤诊断和治疗领域的研究热点。将超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒(SPIO NPs)包裹在低渗裂解后机械破碎获得的肿瘤细胞膜上,构建了一种多功能递送系统,可有效递送治疗肽。将SPIO纳米颗粒包被H460肺癌细胞膜(SPIO NP@M),并将PD-L1抑制肽(TPP-1)和MMP2底物肽(PLGLLG)组成的肽偶联在H460细胞膜上(SPIO NP@M-P)。评价SPIO NP@M-P的同源靶向能力、细胞毒性、药代动力学和肿瘤靶向能力。TPP-1肽通过肿瘤细胞膜的同型作用和肿瘤特异性酶MMP2的特异性消化,被传递释放到肿瘤微环境中。新开发的PD-L1抑制肽递送系统(SPIO NP@M-P)在体外和体内均能有效延长PD-L1抑制肽的半衰期(延长60倍),同时保持再激活T细胞和抑制肿瘤生长的能力。此外,该系统中的SPIO NPs可以作为肿瘤显像剂,从而表明肽治疗的效果。SPIO NP@M可能为治疗肽在癌症治疗中的应用提供一个有前景的治疗平台。
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引用次数: 29
A Cooperative Approach to Extend Cellular Coverage via D2D Architecture based on OLSR Protocol 一种基于OLSR协议的D2D架构扩展蜂窝覆盖的协作方法
Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.5121/ijcnc.2020.12506
Youssef Lmoumen, Y. Ruichek, R. Touahni
The access part of all cellular network’s generation suffers from common concerns related to dead spots (zones that are not covered by the network) and hot spots (zones where the number of users is higher compared to network resources). During the last decade, lots of research proposals have tried to overcome cellular problems through multi-hop D2D architecture, which is a new paradigm allowing the direct communication between devices in cellular network to enhance network performances and improve user QoS. In this paper, we propose a multi-hop D2D architecture based on the OLSR protocol to extend cellular coverage. Cell-OLSR, which is the proposed adaptation of OLSR for our architecture, allows the exchange of cellular parameters between nodes to choose the best proxy device to forward data to the cellular base station (BS).
所有蜂窝网络的接入部分都面临着与死点(未被网络覆盖的区域)和热点(用户数量高于网络资源的区域)相关的共同问题。在过去的十年中,许多研究建议试图通过多跳D2D架构来克服蜂窝问题,这是一种允许蜂窝网络中设备之间直接通信以提高网络性能和改善用户QoS的新范式。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于OLSR协议的多跳D2D架构来扩展蜂窝覆盖。Cell-OLSR是对OLSR的改进,它允许节点之间交换蜂窝参数,选择最佳代理设备将数据转发到蜂窝基站(BS)。
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引用次数: 1
Intrinsic Nano-Diffusion-Couple for Studying High Temperature Diffusion in Compositionally Complex Superalloys 研究成分复杂高温合金高温扩散的本征纳米扩散偶联
Pub Date : 2020-09-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3680335
Y. Eggeler, D. Kubacka, P. Pichler, Mingjian Wu, E. Spiecker
We present a new approach for the quantitative study of high-temperature diffusion in compositionally complex superalloys on the nano-scale. As key element, the approach utilizes the γ/γ'-microstructure itself as intrinsic nano-diffusion-couple. By establishing equilibrium at one temperature followed by annealing at a different temperature, well-defined transient states are generated which are studied using analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We demonstrate this approach for a high-performance multi-component superalloy. The temporal evolution of element concentrations is consistently revealed for γ- and γ'-forming elements and is compared to multi-component diffusion simulations. Excellent agreement is obtained for Ni, Co, and Cr whereas diffusion of Al and, in particular, Re lacks behind in the experiment. Finally, it is demonstrated that transient states can also be captured by in-situ TEM using chip-based heating devices. The nano-diffusion-couple approach offers great opportunities for diffusion studies in compositionally complex superalloys and might be extended to other two-phase multicomponent systems.
我们提出了一种在纳米尺度上定量研究成分复杂高温合金高温扩散的新方法。作为关键元素,该方法利用γ/γ′-微观结构本身作为固有的纳米扩散偶。通过在一个温度下建立平衡,然后在不同温度下退火,产生了定义良好的瞬态,并使用分析透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其进行了研究。我们将这种方法应用于高性能多组分高温合金。元素浓度的时间演化一致揭示了γ-和γ'形成元素,并与多组分扩散模拟进行了比较。Ni, Co, Cr的扩散与实验结果一致,而Al,特别是Re的扩散较差。最后,利用芯片加热装置,原位透射电镜也可以捕获瞬态。纳米扩散偶方法为复杂合金的扩散研究提供了很大的机会,并可能推广到其他两相多组分体系。
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引用次数: 0
2D Ti 3C 2T x Mxene Couples Electrical Stimulation to Promote Proliferation and Neural Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells 2D Ti 3C 2T x Mxene偶联电刺激促进神经干细胞增殖和神经分化
Pub Date : 2020-09-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3677369
Rongrong Guo, M. Xiao, Wanyu Zhao, Shan Zhou, Yangnan Hu, Menghui Liao, Shengping Wang, Xiaowei Yang, R. Chai, Mingliang Tang
Preclinical studies involving stem cells require efficient physiochemical regulations on the fate of such cells. Because of their unique planar structure, metallic conductivity, and flexible surface functionalization, MXenes show potential for modulating stem cell fate. Here, the Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets are dispersed on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). When primary mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) are cultured on laminin-coated Ti3C2Tx MXene film, they form stable adhesion, retain their proliferative ability, and show extensive spreading of terminal extensions . With respect to their functional activity, NSCs cultured on Ti3C2Tx MXene films form more active and synchronous network activity than those cultured on TCPS substrates. Moreover, Ti3C2Tx MXene film significantly promotes the neural differentiation and the neurons have longer neurites and greater numbers of branch points and branch tips. NSC-derived neurons grown on the Ti3C2Tx MXene film preserved normal synapse development. Finally, electrical stimulation coupled with Ti3C2Tx MXene film significantly enhances the proliferation of NSCs. These results indicate that Ti3C2Tx MXene is an efficient interface for the proliferation and neural differentiation of NSC and the maturation of NSC-derived neurons, which expands the potential uses of the MXene family of materials and provides new strategies for stem cell studies.
涉及干细胞的临床前研究需要对这些细胞的命运进行有效的物理化学调节。由于其独特的平面结构、金属导电性和灵活的表面功能化,MXenes显示出调节干细胞命运的潜力。在这里,Ti3C2Tx MXene纳米片被分散在组织培养聚苯乙烯(TCPS)上。小鼠原代神经干细胞(NSCs)在层粘连蛋白包被的Ti3C2Tx MXene膜上培养,形成稳定的粘附,保持其增殖能力,并表现出广泛的末梢延伸。在功能活性方面,在Ti3C2Tx MXene膜上培养的NSCs比在TCPS基质上培养的NSCs形成更活跃和同步的网络活性。此外,Ti3C2Tx MXene膜显著促进了神经分化,神经元的神经突更长,分支点和分支尖端数量更多。在Ti3C2Tx MXene薄膜上生长的nsc来源的神经元保留了正常的突触发育。最后,电刺激结合Ti3C2Tx MXene膜可显著增强NSCs的增殖。这些结果表明,Ti3C2Tx MXene是NSC细胞增殖和神经分化以及NSC来源神经元成熟的有效接口,这扩大了MXene家族材料的潜在用途,并为干细胞研究提供了新的策略。
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引用次数: 55
Revealing the Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms of Al-CuO Composite Fabricated Via In-Situ Solid-State Reaction 原位固相反应制备Al-CuO复合材料强化增韧机理研究
Pub Date : 2020-09-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3674681
X. Rong, Dongdong Zhao, C. He, C. Shi, E. Liu, N. Zhao
Abstract Due to native deficiency of the interfacial mismatch between Al2O3 and Al-melt, as well as micron-Al2O3 segregation at matrix grain boundaries (GBs), achieving both high strength and fracture toughness has been the long-lasting challenge for Al-CuO composite fabricated by conventional casting. Herein, we report a novel manufacturing of Al-CuO composite via shift-speed ball-milling (SSBM) of Al-5 wt.% CuO powders and afterwards subjected to hot-pressing (HP) as well as heat treatment. Comprehensive characterization shows that in-situ generation of the two types of Al2O3 with intragranular distribution, including δ*-Al2O3 particles (~200 nm) and γ-Al2O3 whiskers (length of ~150 nm, thickness of ~20 nm), was governed by a diffusion-assisted nucleation-regime ascribing to the intense thermal effect of Al-CuO reaction. The size and spatial distribution of Al2O3 were emphasized to address their contribution to the high mechanical performance of the composite, which exhibits a tensile strength of ~481 MPa and fracture elongation of ~16.8 %. Meanwhile, the toughening mechanism of present Al-CuO composite was rationalized on basis of the "dislocation punched zone" and "plastic zone" affected by Al2O3. Both the theoretical analysis and fracture morphology support a reinforcements-matrix interface failure mechanism and the non-uniform distribution of Al2O3 consisting alternant "rich/poor zones" can markedly contribute to the high toughness. The present findings may provide a promising strategy to achieve an intragranular distribution of nano-sized reinforcements in Al-metal oxides composites, which enables increasing strength and ductility of the metal matrix.
由于Al2O3与al熔体界面失配的先天缺陷以及基体晶界处微米级Al2O3的偏析,实现高强度和高断裂韧性一直是传统铸造Al-CuO复合材料长期面临的挑战。在此,我们报告了一种新的Al-CuO复合材料的制造方法,通过Al-5 wt.%的CuO粉末的变速球磨(SSBM),然后进行热压(HP)和热处理。综合表征表明,由于Al-CuO反应的强烈热效应,原位生成的两种类型的Al2O3晶粒内分布为δ*-Al2O3颗粒(~200 nm)和γ-Al2O3晶须(~ 150 nm, ~20 nm)均受扩散辅助成核机制的控制。复合材料的抗拉强度为481 MPa,断裂伸长率为16.8%,Al2O3的尺寸和空间分布对复合材料的高力学性能有重要作用。同时,根据Al2O3对Al-CuO复合材料的“位错冲孔区”和“塑性区”的影响,对该复合材料的增韧机理进行了合理化分析。理论分析和断口形貌均支持强化-基体界面破坏机制,且Al2O3的非均匀分布形成“富贫区”交替分布是高韧性的重要原因。目前的研究结果可能为在al -金属氧化物复合材料中实现纳米级增强的晶内分布提供了一种有希望的策略,从而提高了金属基体的强度和延展性。
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引用次数: 51
Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Data Access 保护隐私数据访问的联邦学习
Pub Date : 2020-09-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3696609
Małgorzata Śmietanka, Hirsh Pithadia, P. Treleaven
Federated learning is a pioneering privacy-preserving data technology and also a new machine learning model trained on distributed data sets. Companies collect huge amounts of historic and real-time data to drive their business and collaborate with other organisations. However, data privacy is becoming increasingly important because of regulations (e.g. EU GDPR) and the need to protect their sensitive and personal data. Companies need to manage data access: firstly within their organizations (so they can control staff access), and secondly protecting raw data when collaborating with third parties. What is more, companies are increasingly looking to ‘monetize’ the data they’ve collected. However, under new legislations, utilising data by different organization is becoming increasingly difficult (Yu, 2016). Federated learning pioneered by Google is the emerging privacy- preserving data technology and also a new class of distributed machine learning models. This paper discusses federated learning as a solution for privacy-preserving data access and distributed machine learning applied to distributed data sets. It also presents a privacy-preserving federated learning infrastructure.
联邦学习是一种开创性的隐私保护数据技术,也是一种基于分布式数据集训练的新型机器学习模型。公司收集大量的历史和实时数据来推动他们的业务并与其他组织合作。然而,由于法规(例如欧盟GDPR)以及保护其敏感和个人数据的需要,数据隐私变得越来越重要。公司需要管理数据访问:首先是在组织内部(这样他们就可以控制员工访问),其次是在与第三方合作时保护原始数据。更重要的是,越来越多的公司希望将他们收集的数据“货币化”。然而,在新的立法下,利用不同组织的数据变得越来越困难(Yu, 2016)。由Google首创的联邦学习是一种新兴的隐私保护数据技术,也是一种新型的分布式机器学习模型。本文讨论了联邦学习作为隐私保护数据访问和分布式机器学习应用于分布式数据集的解决方案。它还提供了一个保护隐私的联邦学习基础设施。
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引用次数: 7
High Performance Low Complexity Multitarget Tracking Filter for a Array of Non-directional Sensors 一种非定向传感器阵列的高性能低复杂度多目标跟踪滤波器
Pub Date : 2020-09-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3692133
C. Thron, Khoi Tran, J. Raquepas
This paper develops an accurate, efficient filter (called the `TT filter') for tracking multiple targets using a spatially-distributed network of amplitude sensors that estimate distance but not direction. Several innovations are included in the algorithm that increase accuracy and reduce complexity. For initial target acquisition once tracking begins, a constrained Hessian search is used to find the maximum likelihood (ML) target vector, based on the measurement model and a Gaussian approximation of the prior. The Hessian at the ML vector is used to give an initial approximation of the negative log likelihood for the target vector distribution: corrections are applied if the Hessian is not positive definite due to the near-far problem. Further corrections are made by applying a transformation that matches the known nonlinearity introduced by distance-only sensors. A set of integration points is constructed using this information, which are used to estimate the mean and moments of the target vector distribution. Results show that the TT filter gives superior accuracy and lower complexity than previous alternatives such as Kalman-based or particle filters.
本文开发了一种精确、高效的滤波器(称为“TT滤波器”),用于使用空间分布的振幅传感器网络跟踪多个目标,该网络估计距离而不是方向。算法中包含了一些创新,提高了准确性,降低了复杂性。一旦跟踪开始,对于初始目标获取,基于测量模型和先验的高斯近似,使用约束Hessian搜索来找到最大似然(ML)目标向量。ML向量上的Hessian用于给出目标向量分布的负对数似然的初始近似值:如果由于近距离问题,Hessian不是正定的,则应用校正。通过应用与仅距离传感器引入的已知非线性相匹配的变换,进一步进行校正。利用这些信息构造一组积分点,用来估计目标向量分布的均值和矩。结果表明,与基于卡尔曼滤波或粒子滤波等先前的替代方法相比,TT滤波具有更高的精度和更低的复杂度。
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引用次数: 0
In Situ Formation of Molybdenum Borides at Hardfacing by Arc Welding with Flux-Cored Wires Containing a Reaction Mixture of B4C/Mo 含B4C/Mo反应混合物的药芯焊丝电弧焊堆焊时原位形成硼化钼
Pub Date : 2020-08-31 DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.206568
P. Prysyazhnyuk, L. Shlapak, O. Ivanov, S. Korniy, L. Lutsak, M. Burda, I. Hnatenko, V. Yurkiv
This paper reports a study into the formation of the phase composition, structure, and properties of arc welding coatings by the flux-cored electrode materials from the Fe-Mo-B-C system. The welding alloys were applied using the flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) electrodes, which consisted of a shell made from the low-carbon steel filled with a reaction powder mixture that contained boron carbide and molybdenum in a ratio of 1:1. The calculation of the phase composition of alloys that correspond to the surfaced layers by a CALPHAD method using the Thermo-Calc OpenCalphad software shows that under the equilibrium conditions the boride phases of molybdenum and ferrite cannot co-exist. The main phase of such alloys is a FeMo 2 B 2 compound, which forms the eutectics with austenite. Given that the eutectic structures with borides are characterized by high brittleness, the introduction of components was conducted in the form of a reaction mixture in order to obtain the in situ formed boride phases in the form of separate structural components. Analysis of the results of studying the microstructure and phase composition of coatings reveals that they consist of three main structural components: the eutectic (FeMo 2 B 2 +ferrite) and the grains of molybdenum tetraboride MoB 4 . Thus, under the conditions of arc welding using the reaction mixture, an irregular structure is formed, which is favorable in terms of ensuring wear resistance due to the high microhardness of MoB 4 >27 GPa. The hardness of the coatings obtained is at the level of 63–65 HRC, and the wear resistance is higher compared to standard high-chromium alloys (grades Т620 and Т590) by 2‒2.5 times. This makes it possible to recommend the coating of a given system for hardfacing the working surfaces of equipment in the coal, processing, woodworking industries, etc., where abrasive wear is the dominant type of surface wear
本文研究了用Fe-Mo-B-C系药芯电极材料制备电弧焊涂层的相组成、结构和性能。焊接合金使用药芯电弧焊(FCAW)电极,该电极由低碳钢制成的外壳组成,填充含有碳化硼和钼的反应粉末混合物,其比例为1:1。利用热钙OpenCalphad软件对表层对应合金的相组成进行了CALPHAD法计算,结果表明,在平衡条件下,钼和铁素体的硼化物相不能共存。这类合金的主要相是与奥氏体形成共晶的femo2b2化合物。考虑到含硼化物共晶结构具有高脆性的特点,以反应混合物的形式引入组分,以获得原位形成的以单独结构组分形式存在的硼化物相。对镀层微观组织和相组成的分析表明,镀层主要由三种结构成分组成:共晶(femo2b2 +铁素体)和四硼化钼(mobo4)晶粒。因此,在使用反应混合物进行电弧焊的条件下,形成了不规则的组织,由于MoB 4 >27 GPa的高显微硬度,有利于保证耐磨性。得到的涂层硬度为63-65 HRC,耐磨性比标准高铬合金(等级Т620和Т590)高2-2.5倍。这就有可能推荐一种给定系统的涂层,用于堆焊煤炭、加工、木工等行业设备的工作表面,在这些行业,磨料磨损是主要的表面磨损类型
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引用次数: 5
Measurement of Material Surface Defect Intensity by Distributed Cumulative Histogram and Clustering 基于分布累积直方图和聚类的材料表面缺陷强度测量
Pub Date : 2020-08-31 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2020.210151
R. Melnyk, R. Kvit
The object of research is a distributed cumulative histogram of a digital image and its advantages for auto-mated determination of the location and intensity of defects of different nature on the surfaces of materials: metal, paper, etc. The technique considered in the study is aimed at minimization of human interference in the process of material surface control from the moment of its photographing to the moment of making a decision about the surface quality.

Three-dimensional distributed cumulative histogram (DCH) is presented as a two-dimensional image in which the pixel intensity corresponds to the third dimension – the number of pixels of a certain intensity in the original surface image. Informative distributed cumulative histogram (IDCH) is used to recognize black, dark and light defects, and to measure their intensity and location by the clustering algorithm. The average value of the pixel intensity in the columns and rows of the pixel matrix of the cumulative histogram image is calculated to estimate the intensity of the defects. Measurement of the intensity of defects is carried out in two ways: directly on the image of the surface sample and by comparing the image of the sample and the reference image of the sample without defects. To solve the problem, an algorithm of hierarchical clustering of data to rectangular segments of the surface image is used. In the image, each cluster is marked with a corresponding color of gray. The image for analysis is transformed using segmentation and inversion algorithms. This allows to get more accurate estimates of the intensity of light and dark defects. The clustering algorithm groups the image segments of the surface samples, as well as the images of the distributed cumulative histogram to group the level of surface damage. Distributed cumulative histogram was used to detect defects on the surface of materials as a method of linking the number and intensity of pixels to image coordinates. Cluster analysis helps to find their coordinates and intensity.

In comparison with known approaches, the method has a linear algorithmic complexity to the number of pixels in the input image, which allows to do a significant number of experiments to identify the types of surfaces of materials for use and the features of algorithms.
研究对象是数字图像的分布式累积直方图及其在自动确定金属、纸张等材料表面不同性质缺陷的位置和强度方面的优势。研究中考虑的技术旨在从拍摄材料表面的时刻到决定表面质量的时刻,在材料表面控制过程中尽量减少人为干扰。三维分布累积直方图(DCH)是一种二维图像,其中像素强度对应于第三维——原始表面图像中某一强度的像素数。利用信息分布累积直方图(IDCH)识别黑、暗、光缺陷,并通过聚类算法测量缺陷的强度和位置。通过计算累积直方图图像像素矩阵的行、列像素强度的平均值来估计缺陷的强度。缺陷强度的测量有两种方式:一种是直接在表面样品的图像上进行测量,另一种是将样品的图像与没有缺陷的样品的参考图像进行比较。为了解决这一问题,采用了一种将数据分层聚类到表面图像的矩形段的算法。在图像中,每个簇都用相应的灰色标记。使用分割和反演算法对待分析的图像进行变换。这允许得到更准确的估计光和暗缺陷的强度。聚类算法对表面样本的图像片段以及分布累积直方图的图像进行分组,对表面损伤程度进行分组。采用分布累积直方图检测材料表面缺陷,将像素的数量和强度与图像坐标联系起来。聚类分析有助于找到它们的坐标和强度。与已知的方法相比,该方法的算法复杂度与输入图像中的像素数量成线性关系,这允许进行大量的实验来识别要使用的材料表面类型和算法的特征。
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引用次数: 0
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Materials Engineering eJournal
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