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Kinetic theory of active particles meets auction theory 活性粒子动力学理论与拍卖理论的结合
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1142/s0218202524400086
Carla Crucianelli, Juan Pablo Pinasco, Nicolas Saintier

In this paper we study Nash equilibria in auctions from the kinetic theory of active particles point of view. We propose a simple learning rule for agents to update their bidding strategies based on their previous successes and failures, in first-price auctions with two bidders. Then, we formally derive the corresponding kinetic equations which describe the evolution over time of the distribution of agents on the bidding strategies. We show that the stationary solution of the equation corresponds to the symmetric Nash equilibrium of the auction, and we prove the convergence to this stationary solution when time goes to infinity. We also introduce a more general learning rule that only depends on the income of agents, and we apply to both first- and second-price auctions. We show that agents learn the Nash equilibrium in first- and second-price auctions with these rules. We present agent-based simulations of the models, and we discuss several open problems.

本文从活跃粒子动力学理论的角度研究拍卖中的纳什均衡。我们提出了一个简单的学习规则,让代理人在有两个投标人的一口价拍卖中,根据他们之前的成功和失败经历更新他们的投标策略。然后,我们正式推导出相应的动力学方程,该方程描述了代理人出价策略分布随时间的演变。我们证明了方程的静态解对应于拍卖的对称纳什均衡,并证明了当时间达到无穷大时,该方程会收敛到这个静态解。我们还引入了一种更一般的学习规则,它只取决于代理人的收入,并适用于第一和第二价格拍卖。我们证明,代理人可以通过这些规则学习第一和第二价格拍卖中的纳什均衡。我们介绍了这些模型的代理模拟,并讨论了几个悬而未决的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Derivation and analysis of a nonlocal Hele-Shaw-Cahn-Hilliard system for flow in thin heterogeneous layers 异质薄层中流动的非局部 Hele-Shaw-Cahn-Hilliard 系统的推导和分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1142/s0218202524500246
Giuseppe Cardone, Willi Jager, J. L. Woukeng
We derive, through the deterministic homogenization theory in thin domains, a new model consisting of Hele-Shaw equation with memory coupled with the convective Cahn-Hilliard equation. The obtained system, which models in particular tumor growth, is then analyzed and we prove its well-posedness in dimension 2. To achieve our goal, we develop and use the new concept of sigma-convergence in thin heterogeneous media, and we prove some regularity results for the upscaled model.
通过薄域中的确定性均质化理论,我们推导出一个新模型,该模型由带记忆的 Hele-Shaw 方程与对流的 Cahn-Hilliard 方程耦合而成。我们分析了所得到的系统,尤其是模拟肿瘤生长的系统,并证明了该系统在维度 2 中的好求解性。为了实现我们的目标,我们开发并使用了薄异质介质中西格玛收敛的新概念,并证明了放大模型的一些正则性结果。
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引用次数: 0
The Particle Paths of Hyperbolic Conservation Laws 双曲守恒定律的粒子路径
Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1142/s0218202524500209
U. S. Fjordholm, Ola I. H. Maehlen, Magnus C. Orke
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引用次数: 0
Optimal error bounds on time-splitting methods for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with low regularity potential and nonlinearity 具有低正则势和非线性的非线性薛定谔方程时间分割方法的最佳误差边界
Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1142/s0218202524500155
Weizhu Bao, Ying Ma, Chushan Wang

We establish optimal error bounds on time-splitting methods for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with low regularity potential and typical power-type nonlinearity f(ρ)=ρσ, where ρ:=|ψ|2 is the density with ψ the wave function and σ>0 the exponent of the nonlinearity. For the first-order Lie–Trotter time-splitting method, optimal L2-norm error bound is proved for L-potential and σ>0, and optimal H1-norm error bound is obtained for W1,4-potential and σ1/2. For the second-order Strang time-splitting method, optimal L2-norm error bound is established for H2-potential and σ1, and optimal H1-norm error bound is proved for H3-potential and

我们为具有低正则势和典型幂型非线性 f(ρ)=ρσ 的非线性薛定谔方程建立了时间分割方法的最优误差约束,其中 ρ:=|ψ|2 是密度,ψ 是波函数,σ>0 是非线性的指数。对于一阶 Lie-Trotter 时间分割方法,证明了 L∞ 电位和 σ>0 的最优 L2 规范误差约束,以及 W1,4 电位和 σ≥1/2 的最优 H1 规范误差约束。对于二阶斯特朗时间分割法,建立了 H2 电位和 σ≥1 的最优 L2 规范误差约束,证明了 H3 电位和 σ≥3/2 (或 σ=1)的最优 H1 规范误差约束。与文献中对时间分割方法的误差估计相比,我们的最优误差界要么提高了相同正则性假设下的收敛率,要么大大放宽了最优收敛阶次对势能和非线性的正则性要求。我们证明的一个关键要素是采用了一种称为正则补偿振荡(RCO)的新技术,即通过相消分析低频模式,通过解的正则性估算高频模式。我们报告了大量的数值结果,以证实我们的误差估计,并证明它们是精确的。
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引用次数: 0
Kinetic compartmental models driven by opinion dynamics: Vaccine hesitancy and social influence 由舆论动态驱动的动力学分区模型:疫苗犹豫和社会影响
Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1142/s0218202524400062
Andrea Bondesan, Giuseppe Toscani, Mattia Zanella

We propose a kinetic model for understanding the link between opinion formation phenomena and epidemic dynamics. The recent pandemic has brought to light that vaccine hesitancy can present different phases and temporal and spatial variations, presumably due to the different social features of individuals. The emergence of patterns in societal reactions permits to design and predict the trends of a pandemic. This suggests that the problem of vaccine hesitancy can be described in mathematical terms, by suitably coupling a kinetic compartmental model for the spreading of an infectious disease with the evolution of the personal opinion of individuals, in the presence of leaders. The resulting model makes it possible to predict the collective compliance with vaccination campaigns as the pandemic evolves and to highlight the best strategy to set up for maximizing the vaccination coverage. We conduct numerical investigations which confirm the ability of the model to describe different phenomena related to the spread of an epidemic.

我们提出了一个动力学模型,用于理解舆论形成现象与流行病动态之间的联系。最近的大流行表明,疫苗接种犹豫可能会出现不同的阶段和时空变化,这可能是由于个人的社会特征不同造成的。社会反应模式的出现有助于设计和预测大流行病的趋势。这表明,疫苗犹豫不决的问题可以用数学术语来描述,方法是将传染病传播的动力学分区模型与个人意见的演变(在有领导者在场的情况下)适当地结合起来。由此产生的模型可以预测随着大流行病的发展,人们对疫苗接种活动的集体依从性,并强调为最大化疫苗接种覆盖率而制定的最佳策略。我们进行了数值研究,证实该模型能够描述与流行病传播有关的各种现象。
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引用次数: 0
Entropy-based convergence rates of greedy algorithms 基于熵的贪婪算法收敛率
Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1142/s0218202524500143
Yuwen Li, Jonathan W. Siegel

We present convergence estimates of two types of greedy algorithms in terms of the entropy numbers of underlying compact sets. In the first part, we measure the error of a standard greedy reduced basis method for parametric PDEs by the entropy numbers of the solution manifold in Banach spaces. This contrasts with the classical analysis based on the Kolmogorov n-widths and enables us to obtain direct comparisons between the algorithm error and the entropy numbers, where the multiplicative constants are explicit and simple. The entropy-based convergence estimate is sharp and improves upon the classical width-based analysis of reduced basis methods for elliptic model problems. In the second part, we derive a novel and simple convergence analysis of the classical orthogonal greedy algorithm for nonlinear dictionary approximation using the entropy numbers of the symmetric convex hull of the dictionary. This also improves upon existing results by giving a direct comparison between the algorithm error and the entropy numbers.

我们以底层紧凑集的熵数为基础,提出了两类贪婪算法的收敛性估计。在第一部分中,我们用巴拿赫空间中解流形的熵数来衡量参数 PDE 标准贪婪还原基方法的误差。这与基于 Kolmogorov n 宽的经典分析截然不同,使我们能够直接比较算法误差和熵数,其中的乘法常数是明确而简单的。基于熵的收敛估计非常精确,改进了对椭圆模型问题还原基方法的经典基于宽度的分析。在第二部分中,我们利用字典对称凸壳的熵数,对非线性字典逼近的经典正交贪婪算法进行了新颖而简单的收敛分析。通过直接比较算法误差和熵数,这也改进了现有结果。
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引用次数: 0
A particle method for non-local advection–selection–mutation equations 非局部平流-选择-突变方程的粒子法
Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1142/s0218202524500106
Frank Ernesto Alvarez, Jules Guilberteau

The well-posedness of a non-local advection–selection–mutation problem deriving from adaptive dynamics models is shown for a wide family of initial data. A particle method is then developed, in order to approximate the solution of such problem by a regularized sum of weighted Dirac masses whose characteristics solve a suitably defined ODE system. The convergence of the particle method over any finite interval is shown and an explicit rate of convergence is given. Furthermore, we investigate the asymptotic-preserving properties of the method in large times, providing sufficient conditions for it to hold true as well as examples and counter-examples. Finally, we illustrate the method in two cases taken from the literature.

研究表明,由自适应动力学模型衍生出的非局部平移-选择-突变问题,对于多种初始数据都能很好地求解。然后开发了一种粒子法,以便通过加权狄拉克质点的正则化总和来近似求解该问题,其特征是求解一个适当定义的 ODE 系统。粒子法在任何有限区间内的收敛性都得到了证明,并给出了明确的收敛率。此外,我们还研究了该方法在大时间内的渐进保留特性,提供了其成立的充分条件以及示例和反例。最后,我们用文献中的两个案例来说明该方法。
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引用次数: 0
Derivation of effective theories for thin 3D nonlinearly elastic rods with voids 带有空隙的薄型三维非线性弹性杆的有效理论推导
Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1142/s0218202524500131
Manuel Friedrich, Leonard Kreutz, Konstantinos Zemas

We derive a dimension-reduction limit for a three-dimensional rod with material voids by means of Γ-convergence. Hereby, we generalize the results of the purely elastic setting [M. G. Mora and S. Müller, Derivation of the nonlinear bending-torsion theory for inextensible rods by Γ-convergence, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations18 (2003) 287–305] to a framework of free discontinuity problems. The effective one-dimensional model features a classical elastic bending–torsion energy, but also accounts for the possibility that the limiting rod can be broken apart into several pieces or folded. The latter phenomenon can occur because of the persistence of voids in the limit, or due to their collapsing into a discontinuity of the limiting deformation or its derivative. The main ingredient in the proof is a novel rigidity estimate in varying domains under vanishing curvature regularization, obtained in [M. Friedrich, L. Kreutz and K. Zemas, Geometric rigidity in variable domains and derivation of linearized models for elastic materials with free surfaces, preprint (2021), arXiv:2107.10808].

我们通过Γ收敛法推导出了带有材料空隙的三维杆的维度还原极限。在此,我们推广了纯弹性环境下的结果 [M. G. Mora and S. Müller, Derivation of the nonlinear bodies]。G. Mora 和 S. Müller,通过Γ-收敛推导出不可伸长杆的非线性弯曲-扭转理论,Calc.Var.Partial Differential Equations18 (2003) 287-305] 到自由不连续问题的框架。有效的一维模型以经典的弹性弯曲扭转能为特征,但也考虑到了极限杆可能断裂成几块或折叠的可能性。后一种现象的出现可能是由于极限中空隙的持续存在,也可能是由于空隙坍塌成极限变形或其导数的不连续。证明的主要内容是[M. Friedrich, L. Kreut]在[M. Friedrich, L. Kreut]中获得的在曲率正则化消失条件下变化域的新刚度估计。Friedrich, L. Kreutz and K. Zemas, Geometric rigidity in variable domains and derivation of linearized models for elastic materials with free surfaces, preprint (2021), arXiv:2107.10808].
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引用次数: 0
Impact of a unilateral horizontal gene transfer on the evolutionary equilibria of a population 单边水平基因转移对种群进化平衡的影响
Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1142/s0218202524500192
Alejandro Gárriz, Alexis Leculier, S. Mirrahimi
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引用次数: 0
Inf-sup stabilized Scott–Vogelius pairs on general shape-regular simplicial grids by Raviart–Thomas enrichment 通过拉维亚特-托马斯富集在一般形状规则简网格上的 Inf-sup 稳定斯科特-沃格利乌斯对
Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1142/s0218202524500180
Volker John, Xu Li, Christian Merdon, Hongxing Rui
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引用次数: 0
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Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences
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