Z. Domagała, Andrzej Mrozek, A. Piotrowska, Natalia Olesińska, J. Domański, C. Kobierzycki, Michelle Thelen, Jakub Śliwa
Abstract Every human body is made up of billions of cells, and every cell consists of thousands of microscopic structures. Thanks to the presence of the cytoskeleton, which is built by microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, cells are able to fulfill their main function. Dozens of genes encode a large family of cytoskeletal proteins, which form 10-nanometer-long microfilaments, called cytokeratins. The study was carried out on seven mature human placentas without significant pathology - all eligible mothers were healthy. The collection of basic anthropometric data preceded the dissection of the placentas. Paraffin blocks were made in the usual manner, and hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were made afterward. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed and the expression of the studied markers was evaluated independently by two observers. Evaluation of microscopic material revealed the absence of expression of antibodies for cytokeratin 5/6 in placental tissues. Moreover, strong expression of cytokeratin 7 was demonstrated in the villi trophoblast in all types of villi. Immunohistochemical reactions were observed in the mesenchyme within the blood vessel wall, as well as in the extravascular tissue. The human placenta is an organ that only exists during the intrauterine period of human development and undergoes rapid changes and dynamic growth during pregnancy. These types of processes define selected placental cells as ‘pseudo-tumorigenic tissue’ because of the numerous similarities trophoblast cells have to tumor cells. The use of tissue microarray (TMA) in combination with immunohistochemistry (IHC) may be a valuable approach to validate the predictive and diagnostic utility of various biomarkers in non-cancerous tissues like placental tissue.
{"title":"Expression of selected cytokeratins in human placenta - a preliminary observational study","authors":"Z. Domagała, Andrzej Mrozek, A. Piotrowska, Natalia Olesińska, J. Domański, C. Kobierzycki, Michelle Thelen, Jakub Śliwa","doi":"10.2478/acb-2022-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2022-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Every human body is made up of billions of cells, and every cell consists of thousands of microscopic structures. Thanks to the presence of the cytoskeleton, which is built by microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, cells are able to fulfill their main function. Dozens of genes encode a large family of cytoskeletal proteins, which form 10-nanometer-long microfilaments, called cytokeratins. The study was carried out on seven mature human placentas without significant pathology - all eligible mothers were healthy. The collection of basic anthropometric data preceded the dissection of the placentas. Paraffin blocks were made in the usual manner, and hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were made afterward. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed and the expression of the studied markers was evaluated independently by two observers. Evaluation of microscopic material revealed the absence of expression of antibodies for cytokeratin 5/6 in placental tissues. Moreover, strong expression of cytokeratin 7 was demonstrated in the villi trophoblast in all types of villi. Immunohistochemical reactions were observed in the mesenchyme within the blood vessel wall, as well as in the extravascular tissue. The human placenta is an organ that only exists during the intrauterine period of human development and undergoes rapid changes and dynamic growth during pregnancy. These types of processes define selected placental cells as ‘pseudo-tumorigenic tissue’ because of the numerous similarities trophoblast cells have to tumor cells. The use of tissue microarray (TMA) in combination with immunohistochemistry (IHC) may be a valuable approach to validate the predictive and diagnostic utility of various biomarkers in non-cancerous tissues like placental tissue.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":"155 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46042963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Wanat, Bernadetta Nowak, Adam Swiatko, K. Mirkowski, J. Domański, P. Dąbrowski, Z. Domagała
Abstract Recent scientific evidence suggests that one of the causes of myofascial pain syndromes responsible for the occurrence of chronic headaches, among other things, may be increased or impaired with trigger point therapy. This paper presents the results of a non-systematic literature review on trigger point therapy. The analysis shows a clear increase in scientific interest in invasive trigger point pain treatment techniques. Invasive therapy consists primarily of the use of injections and dry needling. Injections of anesthetics or botulinum toxin are methods that, in addition to their possible therapeutic effect, may carry side effects. In contrast, dry needling does not have a fully scientifically-proven effect. Recent scientific data also indicates that the aforementioned method may have a limited clinical effect. The performed analysis did not demonstrate a significant advantage in invasive techniques over typical non-invasive techniques. It is therefore necessary to design randomized multi-center clinical trials to definitively verify the efficacy of these techniques in the treatment of tension-type trigger point-dependent myofascial pain.
{"title":"Trigger points in medical practice - current therapeutic directions","authors":"M. Wanat, Bernadetta Nowak, Adam Swiatko, K. Mirkowski, J. Domański, P. Dąbrowski, Z. Domagała","doi":"10.2478/acb-2022-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2022-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent scientific evidence suggests that one of the causes of myofascial pain syndromes responsible for the occurrence of chronic headaches, among other things, may be increased or impaired with trigger point therapy. This paper presents the results of a non-systematic literature review on trigger point therapy. The analysis shows a clear increase in scientific interest in invasive trigger point pain treatment techniques. Invasive therapy consists primarily of the use of injections and dry needling. Injections of anesthetics or botulinum toxin are methods that, in addition to their possible therapeutic effect, may carry side effects. In contrast, dry needling does not have a fully scientifically-proven effect. Recent scientific data also indicates that the aforementioned method may have a limited clinical effect. The performed analysis did not demonstrate a significant advantage in invasive techniques over typical non-invasive techniques. It is therefore necessary to design randomized multi-center clinical trials to definitively verify the efficacy of these techniques in the treatment of tension-type trigger point-dependent myofascial pain.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":"129 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48962099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wiktoria Zgórecka, Małgorzata Blatkiewicz, M. Jankowski, W. Kranc, A. Bryja, M. Brązert, B. Chermuła, W. Pieńkowski, L. Pawelczyk, P. Mozdziak
Abstract The ovary is commonly known as an endocrine gland responsible for sex steroid production. One of the outstanding cells in ovarian microenvironment - granulosa cells (GCs) are responsible for converting the androgens to estrogens during follicular growth and secreting progesterone after ovulation. These secretory processes within the ovary are directly involved in hormonal signaling pathways, and they depend on different stages of cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis during the ovarian cycle. The understating of the regulation and further investigation into the processes taking part in ovary will expose new clinical advantages in detection and treatment of female reproductive system diseases associated with sex hormone abnormalities. The expression of genes belonging to ontology groups associated with steroid biosynthesis and metabolism, such as “cholesterol biosynthetic process” (GO:0006695, “regulation of lipid biosynthetic process” (GO:0046890), “regulation of lipid metabolic process” (GO:0019216), “response to insulin” (GO:0032868) and “response to lipopolysaccharide” (GO:0032496) were analyzed by using the microarray approach. The patterns of gene expression in human GCs at days 1-day, 7-day, 15-day, and 30-day of primary in vitro culture have been analyzed. Based on the microarray results, a group of upregulated genes have been selected: CCL20, CXCL5, STAR, MSMO1, and AADAC. The genes STAT5B, OPA3, PPARG, PROX1, and SEC14L2 were decreased across all the experimental groups during the 30-day cell cultivation period. These results suggest that, the GCs in cell culture under in vitro express steroidogenic markers and it is important to understand associations with lipid and liposaccharide synthesis relative to reproductive medicine.
{"title":"Human ovarian follicular granulosa cells isolated during ART procedure reflect substantial changes in activation of hormonal signaling pathways, during long-term in vitro conditions","authors":"Wiktoria Zgórecka, Małgorzata Blatkiewicz, M. Jankowski, W. Kranc, A. Bryja, M. Brązert, B. Chermuła, W. Pieńkowski, L. Pawelczyk, P. Mozdziak","doi":"10.2478/acb-2022-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2022-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ovary is commonly known as an endocrine gland responsible for sex steroid production. One of the outstanding cells in ovarian microenvironment - granulosa cells (GCs) are responsible for converting the androgens to estrogens during follicular growth and secreting progesterone after ovulation. These secretory processes within the ovary are directly involved in hormonal signaling pathways, and they depend on different stages of cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis during the ovarian cycle. The understating of the regulation and further investigation into the processes taking part in ovary will expose new clinical advantages in detection and treatment of female reproductive system diseases associated with sex hormone abnormalities. The expression of genes belonging to ontology groups associated with steroid biosynthesis and metabolism, such as “cholesterol biosynthetic process” (GO:0006695, “regulation of lipid biosynthetic process” (GO:0046890), “regulation of lipid metabolic process” (GO:0019216), “response to insulin” (GO:0032868) and “response to lipopolysaccharide” (GO:0032496) were analyzed by using the microarray approach. The patterns of gene expression in human GCs at days 1-day, 7-day, 15-day, and 30-day of primary in vitro culture have been analyzed. Based on the microarray results, a group of upregulated genes have been selected: CCL20, CXCL5, STAR, MSMO1, and AADAC. The genes STAT5B, OPA3, PPARG, PROX1, and SEC14L2 were decreased across all the experimental groups during the 30-day cell cultivation period. These results suggest that, the GCs in cell culture under in vitro express steroidogenic markers and it is important to understand associations with lipid and liposaccharide synthesis relative to reproductive medicine.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":"163 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42495677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrzej Mrozek, Mikołaj Sędzik, Jakub Rubin, Szymon Buras, Victoria Tarkowski, Z. Domagała
Abstract It is impossible to imagine learning anatomy without properly fixating cadavers. Thanks to accurate preservation techniques, students can differentiate anatomical structures by their sight and touch. The formalin method was first described almost 150 years ago, and as such it may seem primitive, however it is effective and easy to use, which is why it is still in use today. Despite formaldehyde’s bactericidal, fungicidal, and insecticidal properties contact with vapors of embalming solutions such as formalin may have a negative health effect. Skin drying, eczema, allergic contact dermatitis and lowered red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets are only a few symptoms that may occur as a result of spending long periods of time in places where cadavers are stored. Due to formalin’s features, other techniques were invented. Thiel’s method is also well known; after liquid application, tissues remain their natural color as the method is non-irritating and almost odorless. With the rise of technology, more modern methods of cadaver preservation were developed as alternative to formalin, such as the use of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), which is commonly implemented in Japan and Brazil, and the Modified Larssen solution (MLS), which gives the possibility to reduce formalin concentration without losing the effectiveness of tissue preservation. The aim of this work is to develop an integrated approach to cadaver preservation through the analysis of frequently used preservation techniques. This is a considerable issue because first-year students of medicine and related faculties encounter the preserved material while learning anatomy. In comparison to more modern methods, formalin seems to be the worst choice due to worse joint flexibility, tissue colour and structure and, most importantly, its cancerogenic action.
{"title":"Cadaver preserving methods – is it possible to do anything better?","authors":"Andrzej Mrozek, Mikołaj Sędzik, Jakub Rubin, Szymon Buras, Victoria Tarkowski, Z. Domagała","doi":"10.2478/acb-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is impossible to imagine learning anatomy without properly fixating cadavers. Thanks to accurate preservation techniques, students can differentiate anatomical structures by their sight and touch. The formalin method was first described almost 150 years ago, and as such it may seem primitive, however it is effective and easy to use, which is why it is still in use today. Despite formaldehyde’s bactericidal, fungicidal, and insecticidal properties contact with vapors of embalming solutions such as formalin may have a negative health effect. Skin drying, eczema, allergic contact dermatitis and lowered red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets are only a few symptoms that may occur as a result of spending long periods of time in places where cadavers are stored. Due to formalin’s features, other techniques were invented. Thiel’s method is also well known; after liquid application, tissues remain their natural color as the method is non-irritating and almost odorless. With the rise of technology, more modern methods of cadaver preservation were developed as alternative to formalin, such as the use of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), which is commonly implemented in Japan and Brazil, and the Modified Larssen solution (MLS), which gives the possibility to reduce formalin concentration without losing the effectiveness of tissue preservation. The aim of this work is to develop an integrated approach to cadaver preservation through the analysis of frequently used preservation techniques. This is a considerable issue because first-year students of medicine and related faculties encounter the preserved material while learning anatomy. In comparison to more modern methods, formalin seems to be the worst choice due to worse joint flexibility, tissue colour and structure and, most importantly, its cancerogenic action.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":"124 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42630460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Błochowiak, M. Nawrocki, P. Celichowski, W. Samborski, K. Iwanik, D. Sikorska, Marek Rabski, K. Jopek
Abstract The existence of abnormal cytokine profile in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) may contribute to find potential SS biomarkers and accompanying comorbidities. We aimed to investigate and compare gene expressions in the labial salivary glands of SS and of healthy subjects (HS) by means of microarray analysis. The study group comprised 8 SS patients and 8 HS in microarray analysis. The relative gene expression changes were validated with real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 25 SS and 20 HS. Among the differently expressed genes belonging to the “cellular response to cytokine stimulus”, “cytokine-mediated signaling pathway” and “innate immune response” ontology groups with a fold change >1.5 and with a p value < 0.05, the adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing (ADIPOQ), S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9), leptin receptor (LEPR), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) gene expressions in SS group were higher than in HS. Increased expression of the assessed genes are determined by the presence of SS and the accompanying inflammation and may be a valuable diagnostic biomarker of SS. Their selected systemic effects may suggest their role as potential prognostic biomarkers of the risk of accelerated atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications in SS.
{"title":"Expression profile of genes regulating cellular response to cytokine stimulus in Sjögren’s syndrome","authors":"K. Błochowiak, M. Nawrocki, P. Celichowski, W. Samborski, K. Iwanik, D. Sikorska, Marek Rabski, K. Jopek","doi":"10.2478/acb-2022-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2022-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The existence of abnormal cytokine profile in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) may contribute to find potential SS biomarkers and accompanying comorbidities. We aimed to investigate and compare gene expressions in the labial salivary glands of SS and of healthy subjects (HS) by means of microarray analysis. The study group comprised 8 SS patients and 8 HS in microarray analysis. The relative gene expression changes were validated with real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 25 SS and 20 HS. Among the differently expressed genes belonging to the “cellular response to cytokine stimulus”, “cytokine-mediated signaling pathway” and “innate immune response” ontology groups with a fold change >1.5 and with a p value < 0.05, the adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing (ADIPOQ), S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9), leptin receptor (LEPR), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) gene expressions in SS group were higher than in HS. Increased expression of the assessed genes are determined by the presence of SS and the accompanying inflammation and may be a valuable diagnostic biomarker of SS. Their selected systemic effects may suggest their role as potential prognostic biomarkers of the risk of accelerated atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications in SS.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":"144 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46060551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Krupa, Małgorzata Suchanecka, Andrzej Mrozek, K. Siwek
Abstract The flexor retinaculum is a structure located in the wrist, which spreads between the bones forming the carpal tunnel. Its task is to maintain the relative stabilization and protection of incorporated structures. It is also an attachment for the thenar muscles, causing biomechanical interactions in the wrist. Pathologies occurring in the carpal tunnel structures often cause pressure increase, leading to compression of the median nerve, causing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). This work aims to review literature knowledge and compile research outcomes in the PubMED and Google scholar databases. The results indicate the variability in size and aspects of flexor retinaculum due to gender, and the relationship between gender and the incidence of CTS. The data also show the flexor retinaculum’s molecular variability and environmental factors’ potential impact on these changes. This article demonstrates how anatomical conditions and physical features influence CTS development.
{"title":"Features of the flexor retinaculum and its individual variation in carpal tunnel syndrome predisposition - a systematic review","authors":"R. Krupa, Małgorzata Suchanecka, Andrzej Mrozek, K. Siwek","doi":"10.2478/acb-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The flexor retinaculum is a structure located in the wrist, which spreads between the bones forming the carpal tunnel. Its task is to maintain the relative stabilization and protection of incorporated structures. It is also an attachment for the thenar muscles, causing biomechanical interactions in the wrist. Pathologies occurring in the carpal tunnel structures often cause pressure increase, leading to compression of the median nerve, causing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). This work aims to review literature knowledge and compile research outcomes in the PubMED and Google scholar databases. The results indicate the variability in size and aspects of flexor retinaculum due to gender, and the relationship between gender and the incidence of CTS. The data also show the flexor retinaculum’s molecular variability and environmental factors’ potential impact on these changes. This article demonstrates how anatomical conditions and physical features influence CTS development.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":"97 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44781804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The study explore some of the factors showing the biocompatibility and cellular metabolism of stem cells from apical papilla after their treatment with hapten solutions of two intracanal medicaments - Hydrocal and Acroseal. The MTT test and Annexin V test are used and the levels of HMOX-1 and IDO monitored after 48 hours of incubation in hapten solutions. In addition to proliferation and apoptosis, the possible sensitizing potential of these dental materials is assessed. The results show that after 48 hours, the groups treated with dental haptens found significantly fewer living cells than in the control group, which is especially indicative in the case of Acroseal. The proliferative activity of stem cells is increased, but without significant differences. HMOX-1 was statistically elevated in the Acroseal-treated group, indicative of its sensitizing capacity. IDO is statistically elevated in the group of cells treated with Hydrocal, which unequivocally speaks of the serious oxidative stress up to 48 hours and the need for protective action of this enzyme.
{"title":"In vitro evaluation of biocompatibility of two intracanal medicaments on stem cells from apical papilla – a comparative study","authors":"M. Dencheva, Evgeni Stanev, T. Georgieva","doi":"10.2478/acb-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study explore some of the factors showing the biocompatibility and cellular metabolism of stem cells from apical papilla after their treatment with hapten solutions of two intracanal medicaments - Hydrocal and Acroseal. The MTT test and Annexin V test are used and the levels of HMOX-1 and IDO monitored after 48 hours of incubation in hapten solutions. In addition to proliferation and apoptosis, the possible sensitizing potential of these dental materials is assessed. The results show that after 48 hours, the groups treated with dental haptens found significantly fewer living cells than in the control group, which is especially indicative in the case of Acroseal. The proliferative activity of stem cells is increased, but without significant differences. HMOX-1 was statistically elevated in the Acroseal-treated group, indicative of its sensitizing capacity. IDO is statistically elevated in the group of cells treated with Hydrocal, which unequivocally speaks of the serious oxidative stress up to 48 hours and the need for protective action of this enzyme.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":"83 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47221536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Kaźmierczak, A. Butkiewicz, H. Frąckowiak, M. Zdun
Abstract Coronary circulation determines the proper functioning of the heart muscle and blood circulation in the body. Cardiovascular diseases in humans are creating an ever-increasing demand for more research into their pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Animal models of organs are an indispensable part of research for the development of human medicine. Due to the high genetic similarity, the most commonly used donor is the domestic pig. The Eurasian wild boar is the ancestor of the domestic pig and an invasive species not covered by European protection programmes. Given its analogous structure and genotype to the pig, it could potentially also become an organ donor. The aim of this study was to analyse the normal coronary anatomy of the Eurasian wild boar and compare it to humans, domestic pigs and other animal species. The study was conducted on 60 wild boar hearts. Twenty-eight slides were prepared using acrylic, while liquid latex was injected into 32 hearts. The blood vessels were then manually prepared using surgical instruments for examination. Both the right coronary artery and the left coronary artery of the boar diverge from the ascending aorta from opposite aortic sinuses. The left coronary artery begins its course in the left aortic sinus, starting between the left appendage and the pulmonary trunk. It then heads inferiorly. The right coronary artery supplies blood to the right atrium and right ventricle. The study points to the wild boar coronary system’s individual morphological features and notes the common arterial patterns in mammals.
{"title":"Anatomy of the coronary arteries in Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa)","authors":"P. Kaźmierczak, A. Butkiewicz, H. Frąckowiak, M. Zdun","doi":"10.2478/acb-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Coronary circulation determines the proper functioning of the heart muscle and blood circulation in the body. Cardiovascular diseases in humans are creating an ever-increasing demand for more research into their pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Animal models of organs are an indispensable part of research for the development of human medicine. Due to the high genetic similarity, the most commonly used donor is the domestic pig. The Eurasian wild boar is the ancestor of the domestic pig and an invasive species not covered by European protection programmes. Given its analogous structure and genotype to the pig, it could potentially also become an organ donor. The aim of this study was to analyse the normal coronary anatomy of the Eurasian wild boar and compare it to humans, domestic pigs and other animal species. The study was conducted on 60 wild boar hearts. Twenty-eight slides were prepared using acrylic, while liquid latex was injected into 32 hearts. The blood vessels were then manually prepared using surgical instruments for examination. Both the right coronary artery and the left coronary artery of the boar diverge from the ascending aorta from opposite aortic sinuses. The left coronary artery begins its course in the left aortic sinus, starting between the left appendage and the pulmonary trunk. It then heads inferiorly. The right coronary artery supplies blood to the right atrium and right ventricle. The study points to the wild boar coronary system’s individual morphological features and notes the common arterial patterns in mammals.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":"89 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44493843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper aims to report clinical features, differential diagnosis and successful surgical outcome of a patient with myopic strabismus fixus, also known as Heavy Eye syndrome (HES). We present a case of a 47-year-old man who presented to the Ophthalmology Department with diplopia and poor vision. In the past, he had been diagnosed with Graves’ disease, high myopia, and secondary open-angle glaucoma. He had undergone orbital decompression and cataract surgery of both eyes. On examination, the patient had esotropia and hypotropia with limited abduction and elevation. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with HES. Yokoyama’s surgery combined with a medial rectus muscle recession in the right eye, were performed. The procedure reduced esotropia, hypotropia and improved ductions.
{"title":"Heavy Eye Syndrome – Case Report","authors":"J. Mamczur, Aleksandra Krasińska, M. Pawlak","doi":"10.2478/acb-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper aims to report clinical features, differential diagnosis and successful surgical outcome of a patient with myopic strabismus fixus, also known as Heavy Eye syndrome (HES). We present a case of a 47-year-old man who presented to the Ophthalmology Department with diplopia and poor vision. In the past, he had been diagnosed with Graves’ disease, high myopia, and secondary open-angle glaucoma. He had undergone orbital decompression and cataract surgery of both eyes. On examination, the patient had esotropia and hypotropia with limited abduction and elevation. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with HES. Yokoyama’s surgery combined with a medial rectus muscle recession in the right eye, were performed. The procedure reduced esotropia, hypotropia and improved ductions.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":"65 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48181372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Borowiec, Rut Bryl, K. Stefańska, M. Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska
Abstract The genes considered in this study, namely, LYN, CCL2, ITGB3 and IL6 can be related to immune response in porcine buccal mucosa cells primary cultured in vitro. These genes are also responsible for, inter alia, cell migration, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, intracellular signal transduction, extracellular matrix binding and wound healing. A total of 20 pubertal crossbred Landrace gilts bred on commercial farms were used to obtain buccal mucosa cell cultures, which were harvested on the 7th, 15th and 30th day after initiation of the culture. Expression levels of LYN, CCL2, ITGB3 and IL6 were evaluated employing Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. All studied genes showed expression. The expression of CCL2 on day 15 was the highest of all factors measured. The greatest difference between the measurements occurred in gene IL6, between 7th and 15th day, while the least difference between the measurements occurred in gene LYN, between 7th and 15th day. Moreover, on the 7th day, LYN presented the lowest expression among all studied genes. Although in vitro conditions are much more controlled than in vivo conditions, all the factors that may positively or negatively affect cultured cells still cannot be fully predicted. Nevertheless, LYN, CCL2, ITGB3 and IL6 are a valuable starting point for studying further immunological processes in oral mucosal epithelial cells. Given their high regenerative potential, research into them is a highly valuable source of information for future wound healing therapies, where immunological processes should be carefully considered.
{"title":"Potential Role of LYN, CCL2, ITGB3 and IL6 Genes in the Immune Response of Porcine Buccal Mucosa Cells","authors":"B. Borowiec, Rut Bryl, K. Stefańska, M. Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska","doi":"10.2478/acb-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The genes considered in this study, namely, LYN, CCL2, ITGB3 and IL6 can be related to immune response in porcine buccal mucosa cells primary cultured in vitro. These genes are also responsible for, inter alia, cell migration, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, intracellular signal transduction, extracellular matrix binding and wound healing. A total of 20 pubertal crossbred Landrace gilts bred on commercial farms were used to obtain buccal mucosa cell cultures, which were harvested on the 7th, 15th and 30th day after initiation of the culture. Expression levels of LYN, CCL2, ITGB3 and IL6 were evaluated employing Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. All studied genes showed expression. The expression of CCL2 on day 15 was the highest of all factors measured. The greatest difference between the measurements occurred in gene IL6, between 7th and 15th day, while the least difference between the measurements occurred in gene LYN, between 7th and 15th day. Moreover, on the 7th day, LYN presented the lowest expression among all studied genes. Although in vitro conditions are much more controlled than in vivo conditions, all the factors that may positively or negatively affect cultured cells still cannot be fully predicted. Nevertheless, LYN, CCL2, ITGB3 and IL6 are a valuable starting point for studying further immunological processes in oral mucosal epithelial cells. Given their high regenerative potential, research into them is a highly valuable source of information for future wound healing therapies, where immunological processes should be carefully considered.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":"49 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49017232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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