Materia Socio-Medica最新文献

Background: According to the literature, Cryoglobins, Cold Agglutinins, Donath-Landsteiner antibodies, and Cryofibrinogen arethe 4 types of Cold-Reactive proteins described.

Objective: The aim of the study was to show the role of these proteins cardiovascular surgery.

Case presentation: A 57-year-old male patient with a history of myocardial infarction 6 years ago, heavy smoker until 1 year ago, with diabetes, was admitted to the hospital for a surgical confrontation of coronary disease. He reports that for1-month symptoms are deteriorating (NYHA III). The history of the patient does not include either hematopoietic system or connective tissue diseases or recent viral infection. Angiographic control showed total obstruction of the small branch. The patient underwent median sternotomy. Suspension of the left sternum. Mobilization of the left internal mammary artery. Concomitant reception of left great saphenous vein. Intubation of ascending aorta and right atrium - vena cava with acatheter of two steps. He was extubated at the 10th post-surgical hour. Smooth post-surgical progression, with no signs of brain, myocardial or renal failure. The patient was discharged on the 5th post-surgical day.

Conclusion: Independently of the technique that is used, the systemic temperature must be maintained duringthe cardiopulmonary bypass above the temperature threshold activity of the cold-reactiveproteins.

Background: Partial arhinia is an extremely rare congenital malformation with an unclear pathogenesis. In this condition, the external nasal structures and nasal passages are absent, and it can be associated with somatic anomalies, other craniofacial abnormalities, severe feeding, and airway compromise.

Objective: In this article, we describe a case of a baby born with congenital partial arhinia at Prince Rashid AlHasan Hospital in Irbid, Jordan.

Case presentation: Her condition was associated with microcephaly, hypotelorism, cleft palate, microphthalmia, and micrognathia. The baby was the result of an unplanned pregnancy; the mother had received a Zoladex implant 2 months before the pregnancy as a treatment for endometriosis.

Conclusion: Congenital partial arhinia could be associated with dangerous life-threatening complications such as feeding and airway compromise. Management of the condition is essential and urgent, including surgical correction as needed by a highly skilled team.

Background: Carbohydrates are mainly substrates for energy metabolism and can affect satiety, blood glucose levels, insulin secretion, and fat metabolism. Their amount and type in the diet affect metabolic responses. High-carbohydrate diets, particularly high sugar consumption, are considered particularly harmful because of their specific characteristics related to postprandial metabolism, effects on hunger and satiety, and thus on caloric intake and energy balance. The European Food Safety Authority has suggested that the reference intake for carbohydrates should be between 45 and 60% of total energy requirements and less than 10% should be added sugars, especially for children.

Objective: Investigate the proportion and type of carbohydrates in the diets of children in early adolescence in two territorially distinct areas, the continental and the Mediterranean.

Methods: The study was conducted as part of a longitudinal cohort study. The survey was conducted in elementary schools in two regions: continental and Mediterranean. The School Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey was used for research purposes. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were applied for data analysis.

Results: A total of 1,411 respondents of both sexes aged 12-15 years, 729 boys and 678 girls, participated in the study. The intake of carbohydrates in the total sample is represented in the daily intake of 59%. The proportion of natural sugar in the diet of boys is statistically significantly higher in the continental compared to the Mediterranean region at the age of 12-13 years (p = 0.002), 13-14 years (p = 0.049), and 14-15 years (p = 0.002). Added sugars in total carbohydrate intake are statistically significantly higher in girls in the Mediterranean region compared to the continental region at ages 12-13 years (p = 0.048), 13-14 years (p = 0.001), and 14-15 years (p = 0.001).

Conclusion: The high intake of added sugars in children in the Mediterranean region is of concern, although the intake in the continental area is well above current recommendations. Therefore, one of the public health goals is to promote proper nutrition as well as the availability of healthy foods in schools, especially during early adolescence when proper eating habits are adopted.

Background: Low level of health professionals' work motivation is a critical challenge for countries' health care system. A survey of ministries of health in many countries showed that low motivation was seen as the second most important health workforce problem after staff shortages.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine in detail the factors which can affect motivation and work engagement, to assess the motivation levels of personnel working in public hospitals and to identify any differences between the various categories of healthcare professionals employed at the 1st Regional Health Authority of Attica.

Methods: Frederick Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory was used as the theoretical framework. Twelve phrases were used that correspond to intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors, namely achievement, recognition, nature of work, responsibility, advancement, growth, organizational policies, supervision, interpersonal relationships, working conditions, salary and job security. Phrases 1-6 covered the internal motivators and 7-12 correspond to the external. Additional questions were added covering the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents.

Results: The response rate was 81.95% and 3,278 questionnaires were collected. Findings suggest that extrinsic motivation factors have slightly higher mean scores (MS=8.30) than intrinsic motivation factors (7.81). The role of factors like salary (9.31), organizational policies (8.91), growth (8.89) and job security (8.86) was significant. However, every category of hospital staff is affected in a different way and degree by each factor. In periods of crisis, the need of extrinsic factors of motivation increased.

Conclusions: Providing a motivating environment for employees becomes more fundamental in the healthcare system. Motivation of healthcare employees was affected by factors related to supervision, financial benefits, job training and growth. Efforts should be made to provide such benefits to health employees as appropriate especially, to those who did not get any such benefits. Officially recognizing best performance is suggested.

Background: Vaccination of children along with public health protection measures can limit transmission of SARS-COV-2.

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify the attitudes and perceptions of Greek parents that affect their intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19.

Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 230 parents of underaged children who were administered a demographic characteristics questionnaire and the "Parental Acceptability of Free COVID-19 Vaccination for Children Under the Age of 18 Years" scale.

Results: The majority of participants were females (70.4%), aged 41-50 years old (43.3%), married (86.5%), with university degree (63.5%). The prevalence of parental acceptability of free covid-19 vaccination was moderate (36.6 %) and a small percentage (23.9%) had already vaccinated their children. According to the univariate logistic regression analysis, female gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.05, 95% CI 1.43-6.47, p=0.004), highest educational level ([AOR] 2.66, 95% CI 1.21-5.84, p=0.015), history of seasonal influenza vaccination ([AOR] 2.08, 95% CI 1.09-3.98, p=0.026) and self-reported vaccination ([AOR] 17.38, 95% CI 2.29-131.86, p=0.006) were significantly associated with parental acceptability of vaccination. Increasing positive attitude perceptions was associated with an increased likelihood of parental acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination.

Conclusion: The moderate parental acceptability of underaged children vaccination against COVID 19 and its association with perceptions and attitudes of parents found in the present study, indicate that it is important to raise awareness of parents about the vaccination of their children and public health policies need to focus on strengthening positive attitudes, increasing social consensus and facilitating the desired behavior.

Background: History of pharmaceutical industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) has its roots from 1951. Importance of domestic industry not just from economical aspect but also from public health perspective and as scientific base has not been evaluated previously.

Objective: The aim of this article was to provide the review of the pharmaceutical industry developments in Bosnia and Herzegovina, its roots, current position and future perspectives..

Methods: Research of published scientific papers as well other documents and archives of pharmaceutical manufacturers has been conducted. We have also analysed market trends focusing on domestic producers.

Results and discussion: Over more than seventy years of B&H pharmaceutical industry has been developing. During Yugoslavia only two companies existed of which one, Bosnalijek is still present, while Sanofarm has been closed. After 1996, expansion of domestic manufacturers started and today six companies are present. They are mainly oriented to generic drugs production in different forms. Total market share of domestic producers in B&H is 20-25% which is relatively low comparing to other countries. Many of domestic manufacturers are exporting their products to some of the most demanding markets in Europe and Middle East.

Conclusion: Long history of domestic drug manufacturers in B&H gives solid legacy for future developments. Importance of local producers has been confirmed during war in B&H and COVID-19 pandemic as a crisis situation, mainly from public health perspective and sustainable supply of essential medicines. Higher support by state and collaboration with academia in order to expand portfolio, especially in area of biologic medicines is required in future.

Background: Dental caries remains one of the most prevalent worldwide chronic diseases and an expensive burden to healthcare services despite significant preventative measures Objective: Dental caries is a multifactorial chronic disease that occurs in early childhood and persists until adulthood. The first permanent molars (FPMs) are the earliest permanent molars to erupt what makes them vulnerable to caries among children and adolescents. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of different types of treatments performed on FPMs in 7-10-year-old Lebanese patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, a convenience sample obtained from the dental electronic health record system of 753 patients, aged between 7 and 10 years old who attended the department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Faculty of Dental Medicine-Lebanese University, between 2015 and 2019 was assessed. Preventive procedures (fissure sealants and preventive resin restorations) as well as therapeutic ones (apexogenesis, composite restoration, extraction, pulp capping, radicular treatment, pulpotomy, stainless steel crown, surgery and emergency) were investigated. Data collected was statistically analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp).

Results: The 753 patients were divided into 364 girls (48.3%) and 389 boys (51.7%). These patients underwent a total of 2145 procedures. Procedures were equally divided between therapeutic procedures and preventive ones (51.6% versus 48.4%, respectively). The most commonly performed procedure was composite restoration (41.9%), followed by fissure sealant (34.5%) and preventive resin restorations (14%). Treatments corresponded to a similar sex distribution with slightly higher male patients (53.6%). No statistical association was found between sex and procedure type (p=0.7).

Conclusion: In the present study, therapeutic treatments prevalence is relatively high. Thus, educating the parents and teachers on the importance of FPMs would reflect in increased preventive treatments at the expense of decreased therapeutic ones.

Background: Family members' of coronary, cardiosurgery and general ICU patients are psychologically burdened, shaken, experiencing negative emotions such as fear, anxiety, sadness and despair due to the severity of the disease and possible death.

Objective: To investigate family members' resilience in correlation with perceived stress and spirituality of coronary, cardiosurgery and general ICU Patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 104 family members of patients (34 men and 70 women), admitted in the coronary, cardiosurgery and general ICU for greater than 48 hours. The PSS-14 was used to assess perceived stress. Resilience was investigated using CD-RISC-25 and spirituality using DSES. Also APACHE II was used to assesses the severity of the disease and the outcome of patients admitted to the ICU.

Results: Resilience is significantly correlated with the scales of perceived stress (p <0.001) and daily spirituality (p = 0.019). On the contrary, the more their daily spirituality, the greater their resilience. In the present study no significant association was found between the DSES and the PSS-14.

Conclusion: The main findings of the present study is the significant association between resilience and spirituality and perceived stress. Therefore, it is necessary to design interventions aiming at enhancing resilience, limiting perceived stress and promoting spirituality.

Background: In the academic world, the debate continues on the subject of how far a lack of vitamin D can affect the healing of various wounds.

Objective: To determine if basal serum levels of vitamin D significantly influence clinical parameters linked to post-extraction wound healing after surgical removal of impacted/semi-impacted third molars. Methods: A total of 23 patients were included in this study. Clinical outcome parameters were: edema, trismus, pain, soft tissue healing, and dry socket signs. The research was divided into four stages.

Results: Due to the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (91%), patients were classified into an insufficient (≥ 20 ng/ml) or a deficient group (<20 ng/ml). The results showed no statistically significant differences in pain, edema, trismus, or soft tissue healing between those two groups. A slight statistical interaction was observed in the clinical parameters related to edema and trismus assessment, but not statistically significant. We did not notice signs of "dry socket" on any of the patients.

Conclusion: Within its limitations (low number of patients, high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency), this pilot study failed to find a significant influence of serum vitamin D concentrations in wound healing or post-surgery symptom (pain, edema, trismus) development after third molar extraction. Further clinical investigations are necessary to elaborate on this function of vitamin D more precisely.

Background: Multiple sclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disease of the the central nervous system. Problems with sexual functions are the common features of multiple sclerosis and important factor that contribute to the quality of life among affected persons.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on sexual functions domains of health related quality of life (HRQOL) in multiple sclerosis patients.

Methods: This study included 100 MS patients treated at the Department of Neurology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Inclusion criteria were an Expanded Disability Status Scale score between 1.0 and 6.5, age between 18 and 65 years, stable disease on enrollment. HRQOL was evaluated by the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 questionnaire. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for comparisons between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and HRQOL scores.

Results: Out of 60% of patients reported to have sexual dysfunction, and 55 % were female patients. Younger patients had statistical significant higher median value of sexual function score (91.68 vs. 58,28, p=0.001) and satisfaction with sexual life scores (62.5 vs 37.5 , p =0.019) comparing to older patients. Employed patients also showed statistical significant higher median value of sexual function score (82 vs. 66.7, p=0.003) comparing to unemployed patients and also statisticaly significant higher median scores considering satisfaction with sexual life among employed patients (p=0,001). There were no differences in sexual functions scores considering gender, marital status and education. Patients with higher level of disabilty, progressive type of disease, more relapses and longer diseas duration had statistical significant lower median value of sexual function score and also satifaction with sexual life scores, except for disease duration.

Conclusion: Aging, dysability and progression are major factors that contribute to lower sexual function scores and satisfaction with sexual life among multiple sclerosis patients. Althoug women reported sexual problems more often then men, impact of these problems on quality of life are similar in men and women with MS.