Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/84510
N. Neelam, Bhagat Singh, A. Khippal, M. Mukesh, S. Satpal
The field experiment was carried out during the Rabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. It was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice with three nitrogen levels (50, 75 and 100 percent of RDN) in main plots and five different biofertilizers alone or in combination (control, Azotobacter, Azotobacter + PSB, PSB and Biomixie Azotobacter + PSB + Azospirillum) in sub plots. Based on the research investigation, it was found that increasing levels of nitrogen and biofertilizers had significant effect on yield and yield attributing characters. The grain yield was affected significantly as the level of nitrogen increased from 50 to 100 percent. Highest grain yield and biological yield of 52.29 qha-1 and 124.50 qha-1 were recorded with the application of 100% RDN, which were significantly higher over lower doses of nitrogen. The maximum number of effective tillers m-2 (413), grains per ear head (50.91) and 1000-grains weight (43.84 g) were also found maximum at 100% RDN. Maximum Net returns (45732) and B:C ratio (2.40) were achieved when 100% RDN was applied. Among different bio-fertilizers, Biomix recorded significantly higher yield attributes (effective tillers m-2, number of grains per spike and test weight). Grain and biological yield of 51.32 q ha-1 and 120.01 q ha-1, respectively were recorded under Biomix, which were at par with Azotobacter + PSB treatment. Highest net returns of ₹41897 and B:C ratio of 2.28 were obtained with the application of Biomix in barley crop.
{"title":"Effect of different Nitrogen levels and Biofertilizers on yield and economics of feed barley","authors":"N. Neelam, Bhagat Singh, A. Khippal, M. Mukesh, S. Satpal","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/84510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/84510","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was carried out during the Rabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. It was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice with three nitrogen levels (50, 75 and 100 percent of RDN) in main plots and five different biofertilizers alone or in combination (control, Azotobacter, Azotobacter + PSB, PSB and Biomixie Azotobacter + PSB + Azospirillum) in sub plots. Based on the research investigation, it was found that increasing levels of nitrogen and biofertilizers had significant effect on yield and yield attributing characters. The grain yield was affected significantly as the level of nitrogen increased from 50 to 100 percent. Highest grain yield and biological yield of 52.29 qha-1 and 124.50 qha-1 were recorded with the application of 100% RDN, which were significantly higher over lower doses of nitrogen. The maximum number of effective tillers m-2 (413), grains per ear head (50.91) and 1000-grains weight (43.84 g) were also found maximum at 100% RDN. Maximum Net returns (45732) and B:C ratio (2.40) were achieved when 100% RDN was applied. Among different bio-fertilizers, Biomix recorded significantly higher yield attributes (effective tillers m-2, number of grains per spike and test weight). Grain and biological yield of 51.32 q ha-1 and 120.01 q ha-1, respectively were recorded under Biomix, which were at par with Azotobacter + PSB treatment. Highest net returns of ₹41897 and B:C ratio of 2.28 were obtained with the application of Biomix in barley crop.","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115100060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83425
Harshraj Kanwar, P. S. Shekhawat, Virendra Kumar, B. Nathawat
The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different chemical fungicides against stripe rust of barley caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. hordei using susceptible cv. RD 2035 for two consecutive rabi seasons (2016-17 & 2017-18) at Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur. Among the tested fungicides Trifloxystrobin+Tebuconazole @ 0.1% was found best with minimum disease (8.08 PDS) along with highest yield (56.50 q/ha.). It was followed by Tebuconazole @ 0.1% (9.43 PDS), Trifloxystrobin+Tebuconazole @ 0.05 %, (10.35 PDS) and Tebuconazole @ 0.05% (11.68 PDS). The yield performance of Tebuconazole @ 0.1% (42.33 PDS) and Trifloxystrobin+Tebuconazole @ 0.05 % (54.90 q/ha) were at par with Trifloxystrobin +Tebuconazole @ 0.1 (56.59 q/ha). However, highest and equal B:C ratio (2.8) was recorded in Tebuconazole +Trifloxystrobin @ 0.05% and Tebuconazole @ 0.1% followed by Tebuconazole +Trifloxystrobin @ 0.1% (2.7 B:C) Tebuconazole @ 0.05% (2.6 B:C), propiconazole @ 0.1% (2.6 B:C) and propiconazole @ 0.05% (2.3 B:C)
{"title":"Evaluation of fungicides for the management of stripe rust (Puccinia Striiformis f.sp. hordei) of barley","authors":"Harshraj Kanwar, P. S. Shekhawat, Virendra Kumar, B. Nathawat","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83425","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different chemical fungicides against stripe rust of barley caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. hordei using susceptible cv. RD 2035 for two consecutive rabi seasons (2016-17 & 2017-18) at Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur. Among the tested fungicides Trifloxystrobin+Tebuconazole @ 0.1% was found best with minimum disease (8.08 PDS) along with highest yield (56.50 q/ha.). It was followed by Tebuconazole @ 0.1% (9.43 PDS), Trifloxystrobin+Tebuconazole @ 0.05 %, (10.35 PDS) and Tebuconazole @ 0.05% (11.68 PDS). The yield performance of Tebuconazole @ 0.1% (42.33 PDS) and Trifloxystrobin+Tebuconazole @ 0.05 % (54.90 q/ha) were at par with Trifloxystrobin +Tebuconazole @ 0.1 (56.59 q/ha). However, highest and equal B:C ratio (2.8) was recorded in Tebuconazole +Trifloxystrobin @ 0.05% and Tebuconazole @ 0.1% followed by Tebuconazole +Trifloxystrobin @ 0.1% (2.7 B:C) Tebuconazole @ 0.05% (2.6 B:C), propiconazole @ 0.1% (2.6 B:C) and propiconazole @ 0.05% (2.3 B:C)","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124863015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83754
Pravir Kumar Gupta, A. Pandey, J. Kumar, J. Bahar
{"title":"Studies on selection parameters in six rowed exotic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes under timely sown irrigated condition","authors":"Pravir Kumar Gupta, A. Pandey, J. Kumar, J. Bahar","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122986519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83620
V. Kaur, J. Kumari, Manju, S. Jacob, B. S. Panwar
Barley is an important feed, food, malt and brew purpose crop in India. The new challenges for production in the era of climate change envisage involvement of diverse germplasm for further exploitation in breeding. Genotypic variation in 256 indigenous and exotic barley germplasm accessions was evaluated for nine quantitative and seven qualitative traits during two consecutive cropping years (2014–15 and 2015–16). Indigenous collections were assembled from seven different states of India representing four agro-ecological zones while exotic material comprised of 80 accessions from USA and Syria. The coefficient of variation ranged from 3.47–41.21% in Indian accessions to little bit higher (3.34–56.14%) in exotic germplasm suggesting exotic accessions were more diversity. The principal component analysis showed that four most informative components could describe 72.22% of total multivariate variance and cluster analysis divided all accessions into four clusters showing association between genetic diversity and geographical diversity. Spike and grain traits were contributing more to variability among the accessions and lesser to peduncle length, plant height and days to maturity. Further superior accessions namely IC0364040 (tall land race with more grains/spike), IC0036966 (early maturing), IC0041585 (tall, high yield), IC0398681 (long spikes, tall), hull-less exotic landraces EC0362267 (more spike triplets/spike, short plant height) and EC0481703 (long spike, high yield, two-rowed) were identified and than be utilization as donors in breeding programs for different agro-ecologies.
{"title":"Genetic diversity analysis of indigenous and exotic germplasm of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and identification of trait specific superior accessions","authors":"V. Kaur, J. Kumari, Manju, S. Jacob, B. S. Panwar","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83620","url":null,"abstract":"Barley is an important feed, food, malt and brew purpose crop in India. The new challenges for production in the era of climate change envisage involvement of diverse germplasm for further exploitation in breeding. Genotypic variation in 256 indigenous and exotic barley germplasm accessions was evaluated for nine quantitative and seven qualitative traits during two consecutive cropping years (2014–15 and 2015–16). Indigenous collections were assembled from seven different states of India representing four agro-ecological zones while exotic material comprised of 80 accessions from USA and Syria. The coefficient of variation ranged from 3.47–41.21% in Indian accessions to little bit higher (3.34–56.14%) in exotic germplasm suggesting exotic accessions were more diversity. The principal component analysis showed that four most informative components could describe 72.22% of total multivariate variance and cluster analysis divided all accessions into four clusters showing association between genetic diversity and geographical diversity. Spike and grain traits were contributing more to variability among the accessions and lesser to peduncle length, plant height and days to maturity. Further superior accessions namely IC0364040 (tall land race with more grains/spike), IC0036966 (early maturing), IC0041585 (tall, high yield), IC0398681 (long spikes, tall), hull-less exotic landraces EC0362267 (more spike triplets/spike, short plant height) and EC0481703 (long spike, high yield, two-rowed) were identified and than be utilization as donors in breeding programs for different agro-ecologies.","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121775654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/84878
Dinesh Kumar, S. Narwal, A. S. Kharub, G. Singh
Since last two decades there are several reports on health benefitting properties of barley especially because of higher grain beta-glucan content as compared to other cereals. Regular consumption of barley can help in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases besides providing several other health benefits. Since most of the Indian population consumes cereals as their staple diet, there seems to be a potential for increased consumption of barley in the form of multigrain product/s to make the diet more healthy. In opinion article the potential uses of barley in Indian context has been discussed in brief.
{"title":"Scope of food barley research and development in India","authors":"Dinesh Kumar, S. Narwal, A. S. Kharub, G. Singh","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/84878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/84878","url":null,"abstract":"Since last two decades there are several reports on health benefitting properties of barley especially because of higher grain beta-glucan content as compared to other cereals. Regular consumption of barley can help in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases besides providing several other health benefits. Since most of the Indian population consumes cereals as their staple diet, there seems to be a potential for increased consumption of barley in the form of multigrain product/s to make the diet more healthy. In opinion article the potential uses of barley in Indian context has been discussed in brief.","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121277947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83644
D. Mahanta, Jaideep Kumar Bisht, L. Kant, A. Pattanayak
Optimization of sowing date of barley was assessed by conducting three years’ experiment with different sowing dates and three popular varieties of barley in the mid-Himalayas. With the help of quadratic equation, it was estimated that maximum grain yield of barley could be achieved with sowing on 12th November, which provided 8% higher yield compared to the existing recommended sowing date of 25th October. The present recommendation will help to adapt the climate change situation. Thousand grain weight was the most important yield contributing attribute as found from the principal component analysis and correlation. Grain yield of barley could be modelled through multi-linear regression equation with the help of yield attributes for the mid-Himalayas. The multi-linear regression equation will be highly useful for policy makers to estimate the yield of barley of either a district or a state in the mid-Himalayas.
{"title":"Optimization of sowing time for adaptation to climate change and higher productivity of barley in the mid-Himalayas","authors":"D. Mahanta, Jaideep Kumar Bisht, L. Kant, A. Pattanayak","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83644","url":null,"abstract":"Optimization of sowing date of barley was assessed by conducting three years’ experiment with different sowing dates and three popular varieties of barley in the mid-Himalayas. With the help of quadratic equation, it was estimated that maximum grain yield of barley could be achieved with sowing on 12th November, which provided 8% higher yield compared to the existing recommended sowing date of 25th October. The present recommendation will help to adapt the climate change situation. Thousand grain weight was the most important yield contributing attribute as found from the principal component analysis and correlation. Grain yield of barley could be modelled through multi-linear regression equation with the help of yield attributes for the mid-Himalayas. The multi-linear regression equation will be highly useful for policy makers to estimate the yield of barley of either a district or a state in the mid-Himalayas.","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127744876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/84067
V. Goyal, Dinesh Kumar, A. S. Kharub, G. Singh
{"title":"Study of malting quality traits under timely and late planting in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)","authors":"V. Goyal, Dinesh Kumar, A. S. Kharub, G. Singh","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/84067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/84067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"387 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115912766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83148
S. Swati, K. C. Tiwari, J. Jaiswal, Anil Kumar, P. Goel
Combining ability for yield and its related traits was studied in 13 barley genotypes and their F1 progenies obtained through line x tester mating design. Significant differences for most of the traits in both gca and sca components revealed the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions with the predominant effect of nonadditive gene action. Among parents, lines DWRB 134, BH 902 and RD2919 emerged as good general combiner for yield and important component traits whereas DWRUB 52 was identified as the best tester. Hence, these are considered as good general combiners for deriving desirable transgressive segregants for specific characters. However, line BH 902 emerged as good general combiner for maximum number of yield contributing traits i.e., peduncle length, spike length, awn length, productive tillers per plant, flag leaf area, number of grains per spike, weight of spike, 1000 grain weight, biological yield per plant and grain yield per plant. Among thirty crosses, seven displayed significant and positive specific combining ability (sca) effects for grain yield. Out of these seven crosses, four hybrids viz., BH 976 × RD 2849, DWRB 134 × DWRUB 52, BH 965 × DWRUB 52, BH 902 ×DWRB 101, were identified as the best promising combinations having good specific combining ability effects along with high per se performance for grain yield as well as other attributing characters in desired direction. The estimates of general combining ability (gca) effects as a whole suggested that if most of the characters are to be improved, inclusion of F1 hybrids showing high sca in crop improvement program and parents with good gca, into multiple crosses, bi-parental mating, and diallel selective mating could prove a worthwhile approach for tangible advancement of grain yield in barley..
{"title":"Genetic architecture of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes for grain yield and yield attributing traits","authors":"S. Swati, K. C. Tiwari, J. Jaiswal, Anil Kumar, P. Goel","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83148","url":null,"abstract":"Combining ability for yield and its related traits was studied in 13 barley genotypes and their F1 progenies obtained through line x tester mating design. Significant differences for most of the traits in both gca and sca components revealed the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions with the predominant effect of nonadditive gene action. Among parents, lines DWRB 134, BH 902 and RD2919 emerged as good general combiner for yield and important component traits whereas DWRUB 52 was identified as the best tester. Hence, these are considered as good general combiners for deriving desirable transgressive segregants for specific characters. However, line BH 902 emerged as good general combiner for maximum number of yield contributing traits i.e., peduncle length, spike length, awn length, productive tillers per plant, flag leaf area, number of grains per spike, weight of spike, 1000 grain weight, biological yield per plant and grain yield per plant. Among thirty crosses, seven displayed significant and positive specific combining ability (sca) effects for grain yield. Out of these seven crosses, four hybrids viz., BH 976 × RD 2849, DWRB 134 × DWRUB 52, BH 965 × DWRUB 52, BH 902 ×DWRB 101, were identified as the best promising combinations having good specific combining ability effects along with high per se performance for grain yield as well as other attributing characters in desired direction. The estimates of general combining ability (gca) effects as a whole suggested that if most of the characters are to be improved, inclusion of F1 hybrids showing high sca in crop improvement program and parents with good gca, into multiple crosses, bi-parental mating, and diallel selective mating could prove a worthwhile approach for tangible advancement of grain yield in barley..","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115044049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83632
P. Jasrotia, S. Katare, P. L. Kashyap, Sudheer Kumar, A. S. Kharub, G. Singh
{"title":"Efficacy of few selected insecticides for the management of foliar aphid complex in barley","authors":"P. Jasrotia, S. Katare, P. L. Kashyap, Sudheer Kumar, A. S. Kharub, G. Singh","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/83632","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126999734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/85229
S. Rani, Ankur Chaudhary, K. Rani
{"title":"Management of abiotic stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)","authors":"S. Rani, Ankur Chaudhary, K. Rani","doi":"10.25174/2249-4065/2018/85229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2018/85229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":183623,"journal":{"name":"Wheat and Barley Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129206232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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