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Development of high yielding bread wheat variety UAS 375 for timely sown rainfed conditions of the Peninsular Zone of India 适合印度半岛地区适时播种雨养条件的高产面包小麦品种uas375的选育
Pub Date : 2018-09-12 DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/81917
R. Naik, S. Desai, S. Biradar, M. Kamatar, S. Singh, T. Sudha, P. Patil
The bread wheat variety UAS 375 was released by Central Subcommittee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of variety, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India vide. S.O. 1379(E) dated: 27.03.2018 for cultivation in the Peninsular Zone of the country comprising states of Maharashtra and Karnataka. UAS 375 has recorded average yield of 21.4q/ha with potential yield of 29.1q/ha. It has shown yield superiority of 14.4% over the best check variety NI 5439 (18.7q/ha) during three years of testing under timely sown, rainfed conditions. The variety UAS 375 has shown resistance to prevalent pathotypes of stem and leaf rusts in the target environments and has combination of Lr13+1+ and Sr7b+2+ genes for diversified gene deployment against these rusts. It has better grain, product as well as nutritional quality parameters which makes it preferable variety for product developments. High yield potential of the variety UAS 375 under rainfed conditions coupled with disease resistance and quality traits makes it a suitable choice for the wheat growing farmers of the Peninsular India.
面包小麦品种uas375是由印度政府农业部作物标准、通知和品种发布中央小组委员会发布的。2018年3月27日第1379(E)号法令,适用于马哈拉施特拉邦和卡纳塔克邦组成的半岛地区的种植。UAS 375的平均产量为21.4季/公顷,潜在产量为29.1季/公顷。在及时播种、雨养条件下的三年试验中,其产量比最佳对照品种NI 5439 (18.7q/ha)高出14.4%。品种uas375对目标环境中常见的茎锈病和叶锈病表现出抗性,并结合了Lr13+1+和Sr7b+2+基因,实现了对这些锈病的多样化基因部署。它具有更好的籽粒、产品和营养品质参数,是产品开发的首选品种。uas375品种在旱作条件下的高产潜力,加上抗病和品质性状,使其成为印度半岛小麦种植户的合适选择。
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引用次数: 1
Suitable wheat cultivars and seeding machines for conservation agriculture in rice-wheat and sugarcane-wheat cropping systems 水稻-小麦和甘蔗-小麦种植系统中适合保护性农业的小麦品种和播种机
Pub Date : 2018-09-12 DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/80127
R. S. Chhokar, Ramesh K. Sharma, S. C. Gill, R. Singh, Vikas Joon, Mamta Kajla, Ankur Chaudhary
Field investigations were conducted to improve the wheat yield and profitability through identification of suitable wheat cultivars and seeding machines under conservation agriculture (CA) after rice and sugarcane. For wheat seeding under CA after rice harvest with full residue retention, Turbo Happy Seeder (THS) was more appropriate, while in sugarcane ratoon with full trash, Rotary Disc Drill (RDD) was found suitable. Based on the research farm and farmer’s field experiments, the wheat grain yield was similar under conventional tillage (CT) and CA. Among 32 wheat varieties (28 aestivum and 4 durum) evaluated under timely sown conditions, no significant yield differences were observed under CT and CA. Among test cultivars, the best yielding were HD 2967, PBW 723, HDCSW 18, HI 8498, MPO 1215, UAS 428 and MACS 6222. Out these seven genotypes, three (HI 8498, MPO 1215 and UAS 428) were durum genotypes. For very late sown (20-25th January) and CA conditions after sugarcane harvest, five aestivum wheat varieties namely PBW 550, DBW 71, Raj 3765, WR 544 and WB 02 yielded 30.24, 33.80, 32.62, 32.46 and 27.54 q/ha, respectively. On an average, 31.8 q/ha additional wheat yield can be obtained when seeded in sugarcane ratoon using RDD. If we translate 50% sugarcane area across the wheat growing zone of India (1.0 mha) then we can have an additional wheat production of 3.2 mt/year. Both the crop establishment methods viz. no till (NT) with residue retention and conventional till (CT) wheat had similar yield levels but CA can have an additional profit of Rs 3125/ha due to reduction in tillage cost. The results clearly indicate that wheat productivity and production as well as profitability can be improved through right choice of cultivar, and seeding machinery for conservation agriculture in rice-wheat and sugarcane ratoon-wheat system.
为了提高水稻和甘蔗之后保护性农业(CA)下小麦的产量和效益,进行了田间调查,以确定适合的小麦品种和播种机。稻谷收获后残茬充足的CA下播种小麦,以Turbo Happy播种机(THS)为宜;甘蔗收获后残茬充足的CA下播种,以转盘式播种机(RDD)为宜。研究农场和农户田间试验结果表明,常规耕作法(CT)和常规耕作法(CA)的小麦产量基本一致。在及时播种条件下评价的32个小麦品种(28个冬小麦品种和4个硬粒小麦品种)中,常规耕作法和常规耕作法的产量差异不显著。试验品种中,产量最高的品种为HD 2967、PBW 723、HDCSW 18、HI 8498、MPO 1215、UAS 428和MACS 6222。其中,HI 8498、MPO 1215和UAS 428为硬膜基因型。在甘蔗收获后晚播(1月20日至25日)和CA条件下,5个小麦品种PBW 550、DBW 71、Raj 3765、WR 544和WB 02的产量分别为30.24、33.80、32.62、32.46和27.54 q/ha。使用RDD在甘蔗中播种,平均可获得31.8 q/ha的额外小麦产量。如果我们将印度小麦种植区50%的甘蔗面积(1.0 mha)转化为甘蔗,那么我们每年可以增加320万吨的小麦产量。两种作物种植方法,即免耕留渣和常规耕作小麦的产量水平相似,但由于减少了耕作成本,免耕小麦可以获得3125卢比/公顷的额外利润。结果表明,在稻-麦和甘蔗-稻-麦系统中,通过合理选择品种和播种机,可以提高小麦的生产力和产量,提高小麦的盈利能力。
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引用次数: 7
Metagenomics of wheat rhizosphere for abiotic stress management 小麦根际宏基因组学在非生物胁迫管理中的应用
Pub Date : 2018-09-12 DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/79291
O. P. Ahlawat, R. Tiwari, G. Singh
Plant microbiome also known as it’s second or extended genome, regulates and influences plant’s metabolism and growth. The plant microbiome members promote nutrient uptake, tolerance against abiotic and biotic stresses and regulate host immune system. Although there is plenty of information available on role of rhizosphere microbiome for plant growth, but still there is dearth of knowledge for the vast majority of rhizosphere microorganisms. This is mainly due to their unknown growth requirements or inability to grow on any known growth media. To support plant growth under stress conditions, the information on presence of specific microorganism in rhizosphere microbiome along with the role it plays is very much essential. Here, we review the generalized role of plant microbiome in different plant functions, information generated till date specifically on wheat metagenomics, role of rhizosphere microorganisms in abiotic stress management in other crop plants and the breeding in wheat in light with wheat metagenomics or metagenome engineering through breeding.
植物微生物组也被称为植物的第二基因组或扩展基因组,调节和影响植物的代谢和生长。植物微生物组成员促进营养吸收,对非生物和生物胁迫的耐受性和调节宿主免疫系统。虽然关于根际微生物群在植物生长中的作用已有大量的信息,但对绝大多数根际微生物的认识仍然缺乏。这主要是由于它们未知的生长需求或无法在任何已知的生长介质上生长。为了支持植物在逆境条件下的生长,了解根际微生物群中特定微生物的存在及其所起的作用是非常必要的。本文综述了植物微生物组在不同植物功能中的作用、迄今为止有关小麦宏基因组学的研究进展、根际微生物在其他作物非生物胁迫管理中的作用以及利用小麦宏基因组学或宏基因组工程育种在光照条件下培育小麦的研究进展。
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引用次数: 8
Effect of Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogen Levels on Phenology and Grain Yield of Late Sown Wheat 灌溉制度和氮素水平对晚播小麦物候和产量的影响
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/66913
Mukesh Kumar Kainwal, R. K. Pannu, Bhagat Singh
A field experiment was conducted to study the response of irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels on phenology and grain yield of late sown wheat. The experiment consisting of three irrigation regimes viz. one irrigation (at CRI), two irrigations at (CRI and heading) and four irrigations at (CRI, late tillering, heading and milking) in main plots and five nitrogen levels viz. control i.e. 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N/ha in sub-plots was laid out in strip plot design. Days taken to heading, anthesis and physiological maturity delayed significantly with increased irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels. Similarly, plant height, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI) increased significantly with increased irrigation regimes from one to two and two to four irrigations and dose of nitrogen. The grain yield increased by 50.6 and 47.5% over one irrigation and 20.4 and 21.9% over two irrigations in four irrigations (3832 and 3989 kg/ ha) during 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. The growth parameters namely plant height, LAI, dry matter accumulation and CGR showed significant positive relationship with grain yield. Increase in dose of nitrogen increased the grain yield significantly up to 150 kg N/ha during both the year. However, the grain yield of wheat was statistically at par with 150 and 200 kg N/ha.
通过田间试验,研究了不同灌溉方式和氮素水平对晚播小麦物候和产量的影响。试验采用条形小区设计,在主小区设置1次灌水(CRI)、2次灌水(CRI和抽穗期)和4次灌水(CRI、分蘖后期、抽穗期和挤奶期)3个灌溉方案,在子小区设置0、50、100、150和200 kg N/ha 5个氮素水平对照。抽穗、开花和生理成熟的时间随着灌溉和氮素水平的增加而显著推迟。植株高度、干物质积累、作物生长率(CGR)和叶面积指数(LAI)也随着1 ~ 2次灌溉和2 ~ 4次灌溉和施氮量的增加而显著增加。2010-11年度和2011-12年度,4次灌溉比1次灌溉增产50.6%和47.5%,比2次灌溉增产20.4%和21.9%(分别为3832和3989 kg/ hm2)。株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累量和CGR与籽粒产量呈极显著正相关。增加施氮量可显著提高两年内籽粒产量,最高可达150 kg N/ hm2。但在统计上,150和200 kg N/ha的小麦产量相当。
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引用次数: 1
Improving in Productivity of Salinity Tolerant Wheat Varieties through Frontline Demonstrations in Pali District of Rajasthan 通过在拉贾斯坦邦巴利地区的一线示范提高耐盐小麦品种的生产力
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/76657
M. L. Meena
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引用次数: 0
Quantifying Water Productivity Using Seed Priming and Micro Irrigation in Wheat 灌种和微灌对小麦水分生产力的量化研究
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/69924
R. Meena, Ramesh K. Sharma, R. Sendhil, S. C. Tripathi, S. Chander
Field studies were conducted during the four rabi seasons (2011-12 to 2014-15) to investigate the impact of seed priming and micro irrigation on crop establishment, growth, productivity, and water productivity in wheat under different moisture regimes. Results indicated that sprouted seed (5830 kg ha-1) and primed seed (5766 kg ha-1) produced significantly higher grain yield in comparison to un-primed seeds (5416 kg ha-1). The germination was quick in the primed and sprouted seeds relative to non-primed seeds resulting in a better crop establishment and higher yield under optimum, sub-optimum and dry soil conditions. Irrigation method treatments viz., check basin, drip, sprinkler and drip + rainport showed that the grain yield was highest in the drip + rainport. Water productivity was highest in drip method of irrigation (1.61 kg m-3) followed by drip + rainport method (1.60 kg m-3) with a maximum mean productivity of 5539 kg ha-1. Around 600 m3ha-1 has been saved using seed priming thus reducing the cultivation cost by Rs. 382/ha. Among the micro irrigation techniques, water saved was highest in drip followed by sprinkler and drip + rainport. The study suggests for adoption of drip and seed priming to take advantage of yield enhancement as well as cost reduction through reduced utilisation of water.
在2011-12 ~ 2014-15 4个旱季进行了田间研究,探讨了不同水分制度下灌种和微灌对小麦作物结实、生长、生产力和水分生产力的影响。结果表明,发芽种子(5830 kg ha-1)和处理种子(5766 kg ha-1)的籽粒产量显著高于未处理种子(5416 kg ha-1)。在最佳、次最佳和干燥土壤条件下,处理过的种子和发芽的种子比未处理过的种子发芽快,从而使作物建立得更好,产量更高。滴灌、滴灌、喷淋和滴灌+雨口处理均以滴灌+雨口处理籽粒产量最高。水分生产力以滴灌方式最高(1.61 kg m-3),其次为滴灌+雨口方式(1.60 kg m-3),最高平均生产力为5539 kg ha-1。使用种子灌浆节省了约600 m3ha-1,从而降低了每公顷382卢比的种植成本。微灌技术中,滴灌节水效果最好,其次是喷淋和滴灌+雨灌。该研究建议采用滴灌和灌种技术,通过减少用水来提高产量和降低成本。
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引用次数: 2
'HS628'-A Potential Genetic Stock for Resistance to New Virulent Pathotypes of Black, Brown and Yellow Rusts of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 抗小麦黑锈病、褐锈病和黄锈病新毒力型的潜在遗传资源HS628
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/76849
D. Pal, S. Bhardwaj, Hanif Khan, M. Patial
Three rusts of wheat viz., leaf / brown (Puccinia recondita sp. tritici), stripe / yellow (Puccinia striiformis sp tritici), stem / black (Puccinia graminis sp. tritici) are very devastating diseases causing huge losses to the wheat crop worldwide with India no exception. The 1BL.1RS translocation derived wheat varieties carrying Yr9/Lr26/Sr31/Pm8 gene complex provided protection against losses due to leaf and stripe rusts in India till 1995. However, the evolution of pathotype (pt) 46S119 virulent to Yr9 and Yr2 resistance genes has changed the whole scenario (Nayar et al., 1996). After breakdown of Yr9 based resistance, some protection against stripe rust was rendered by “Attila” germplasm derived wheat varieties that had Yr27 effective against pt. 46S119, was succumbed with new variant 78S84 (Prashar et al., 2007). Recently five new highly virulent pathotypes of stripe rust viz., 46S117, 110S119, 238S119, 110S247 and 110S84 have been identified in India (Gangwar et al., 2015). Due to emergence of these pathotypes , Yr12 became susceptible to pts. 110S84, 110S119, 110S247 and 238S119. Joss-Cambier carrying Yr11 gene, also became susceptible to the new pts. 110S84 and 238S119 in addition to 46S119 pathotype (Bhardwaj et al. Pers. Comm). Another gene Yr14 is also defeated by the new virulent pt. 110S119.
小麦的三种锈病,即叶/棕锈病(小麦锈病)、条/黄锈病(小麦锈病)、茎/黑锈病(小麦锈病)是非常具有破坏性的疾病,在世界范围内给小麦作物造成巨大损失,印度也不例外。1提单。截至1995年,携带Yr9/Lr26/Sr31/Pm8基因复合物的1RS易位衍生小麦品种为印度抵御叶锈病和条锈病造成的损失提供了保护。然而,对Yr9和Yr2抗性基因具有毒性的病型(pt) 46S119的进化改变了整个情况(Nayar等,1996)。在以Yr9为基础的抗性被破坏后,“Attila”种质衍生的小麦品种对条锈病提供了一些保护,其中Yr27对pt. 46S119有效,被新变种78S84所取代(Prashar等人,2007)。最近在印度发现了5种新的高毒力条纹锈病,即46S117、110S119、238S119、110S247和110S84 (Gangwar等,2015)。由于这些病型的出现,Yr12变得易感。110S84、110S119、110S247和238S119。携带Yr11基因的乔斯-坎比尔也变得容易感染这种新疾病。除46S119外,还有110S84和238S119 (Bhardwaj等)。珀耳斯。通讯)。另一个基因Yr14也被新的毒性基因110S119击败。
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引用次数: 4
Nanotechnology Scope and Applications for Wheat Production and Quality Enhancement:A Review of Recent Advances 纳米技术在小麦生产和品质提升中的应用:最新进展综述
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/76672
Poonam Jsarotia, P. L. Kashyap, A. Bhardwaj, Sudheer Kumar, G. Singh
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引用次数: 18
Genetic Analysis of some Yield and Quality Traits in Bread Wheat 面包小麦若干产量和品质性状的遗传分析
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/72641
V. K. Arya, Pradeep Kumar, J. Singh, L. Kumar, Amita Sharma
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引用次数: 5
Genetic Analysis of Grain Yield and its Component Traits Using Diallel Analysis in Bread Wheat 面包小麦产量及其组成性状的双列遗传分析
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.25174/2249-4065/2018/77261
Satnam Singh Nagar, Pradeep Kumar, S. R. Vishwakarma, Vikas Gupta
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Wheat and Barley Research
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