Forensic examination, as part of the criminal process, is a complex activity in which the diagnostic momentis abnormally integrated, as the diagnosis is not intended for treatment or cure.It is understandable that the influence exerted by psychiatric examination on court decisions (it is mostlyabout psychiatry in general), cannot be separated from the historical relationship between psychiatry andlaw.In countries where the assessment of irresponsibility is based on a psychopathological-normative method,it is necessary not only to recognize the mental disorder, but also to assess how this disorder interactspsychologically in compromising the ability to understand actions and desire the advent of consequences.Reflecting on the above arguments, this paper focuses on the importance of forensic psychiatry andpsychiatric examination in criminal proceedings as a legal and medical study, as well as identifying criticalaspects of the inseparable relationship between psychiatry and law, until the moment when the judge willdecide whether the mental disorder under the Criminal Code prevented the perpetrator from understandingthe act committed, as well as whether or not he wished the consequences that came from this act.
{"title":"The Importance of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychiatric Examination in Criminal Proceedings","authors":"Kreshnik Myftari, Gëzim Myftari, Sevada Guço","doi":"10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3167","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic examination, as part of the criminal process, is a complex activity in which the diagnostic momentis abnormally integrated, as the diagnosis is not intended for treatment or cure.It is understandable that the influence exerted by psychiatric examination on court decisions (it is mostlyabout psychiatry in general), cannot be separated from the historical relationship between psychiatry andlaw.In countries where the assessment of irresponsibility is based on a psychopathological-normative method,it is necessary not only to recognize the mental disorder, but also to assess how this disorder interactspsychologically in compromising the ability to understand actions and desire the advent of consequences.Reflecting on the above arguments, this paper focuses on the importance of forensic psychiatry andpsychiatric examination in criminal proceedings as a legal and medical study, as well as identifying criticalaspects of the inseparable relationship between psychiatry and law, until the moment when the judge willdecide whether the mental disorder under the Criminal Code prevented the perpetrator from understandingthe act committed, as well as whether or not he wished the consequences that came from this act.","PeriodicalId":18400,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Update","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84377997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apris A. Adu, I. N. Budiana, S. M. Toy, R. P. C. Wijaya, Mas’amah, I. Kiling, M. Junias
This study aimed to determine the total flavonoid content and anticancer activity of Faloak (Sterculiaurceolata Smith) leaves and fruit extracts. Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method determinedthe anticancer activity. Testing the total flavonoid content of n-hexane extract of the Faloak leavesand fruit were 1558.5 and 498.5 ppm, respectively. The total flavonoid content of the ethyl acetateextract of Faloak leaves and fruit were 876.5 and 621.8 ppm, respectively. The ethanol extract of Faloakleaves and fruit’s total flavonoid content was 338.5 and 1688.5 ppm. The anticancer activity test ofthe n-hexane extract of Faloak leaves and fruit showed that each extract’s LC50 value was 31.417and 50.736 ppm, respectively, and the LC50 value ethyl acetate extract of Faloak leaves and fruit were119.68 and 77.59 ppm. The LC50 value of ethanol extract of Faloak leaves and fruit were 43.82 and20.779 ppm, respectively. Both the leaves and fruit extract of Faloak had strong anticancer activity(<1000 ppm). However, the extracts with the strongest anticancer activity were the ethanol extract ofFaloak fruit and the n-hexane extract of Faloak leaves. Meanwhile, the extract with the highest amountof flavonoid content was the ethanol extract of Faloak fruit (1688.5 ppm), and the lowest amount wasethanol extract of the Faloak bark (4.5 ppm).
{"title":"Determination of Total Flavonoid Content and Initial Test of Anticancer Activity of Faloak Leaves and Fruit Extracts (Sterculia urceolata Smith)","authors":"Apris A. Adu, I. N. Budiana, S. M. Toy, R. P. C. Wijaya, Mas’amah, I. Kiling, M. Junias","doi":"10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3169","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the total flavonoid content and anticancer activity of Faloak (Sterculiaurceolata Smith) leaves and fruit extracts. Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method determinedthe anticancer activity. Testing the total flavonoid content of n-hexane extract of the Faloak leavesand fruit were 1558.5 and 498.5 ppm, respectively. The total flavonoid content of the ethyl acetateextract of Faloak leaves and fruit were 876.5 and 621.8 ppm, respectively. The ethanol extract of Faloakleaves and fruit’s total flavonoid content was 338.5 and 1688.5 ppm. The anticancer activity test ofthe n-hexane extract of Faloak leaves and fruit showed that each extract’s LC50 value was 31.417and 50.736 ppm, respectively, and the LC50 value ethyl acetate extract of Faloak leaves and fruit were119.68 and 77.59 ppm. The LC50 value of ethanol extract of Faloak leaves and fruit were 43.82 and20.779 ppm, respectively. Both the leaves and fruit extract of Faloak had strong anticancer activity(<1000 ppm). However, the extracts with the strongest anticancer activity were the ethanol extract ofFaloak fruit and the n-hexane extract of Faloak leaves. Meanwhile, the extract with the highest amountof flavonoid content was the ethanol extract of Faloak fruit (1688.5 ppm), and the lowest amount wasethanol extract of the Faloak bark (4.5 ppm).","PeriodicalId":18400,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Update","volume":"15 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83571019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: COVID-19 stands for Coronavirus Disease 2019 which is a disease declared as global pandemicon 11th of March, 2020 by the World Health Organization, caused by the newly identified Coronavirus(SARS CoV-2 virus). There is a report of more than 213.6 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 andmore than 4.4 million associated deaths globally, according to Johns Hopkins University.(25.08.2021).Thepresent study has the objectives to assess the prevailing knowledge and known information amongst studentnurses about the COVID-19 pandemic, the known preventive practices against acquiring and spread of thedisease and to learn the preventive practices being used amongst student nurses amidst the pandemic.Thesetting selected for the study was AIIMS, New Delhi, Nurses Hostel through online mode. A convenientnon-probability sampling was adopted for data collection using a structured questionnaire for 2nd year BSc.(Hons) Nursing Students (n=75).The data were obtained and analysis was done in terms of descriptive andinferential statistics. Results showed that 64%, 33.3% ,2.7% nursing students had high, moderate and lowlevel of knowledge (with a score of 18 or more,12-17 and ,lower than 11)respectively. The mean knowledgescore was 17.82 for a total score of 24 (74.25%). 57.3%, 40% and 2.7% had high, moderate and low level ofperformance of preventive practice respectively with a score of 52 or more, 35-51 and lower than 35, and amean of 51.90 for a total score of 70(74.1%). CONCLUSION: A majority of the study population of nursingstudents had adequate knowledge who followed adequate preventive practices against the COVID-19pandemic, however quite a large percentage still had below average knowledge about the disease and aneven lower percentage implemented practices for the prevention of acquiring the disease in their daily lives.
{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic – Do our Indian Nursing Students Have Knowledge about it and Do they Follow Preventive Practices Against It?","authors":"Varte Clara, Yadav Nirmala, R. Neelima","doi":"10.37506/MLU.V21I4.3161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/MLU.V21I4.3161","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 stands for Coronavirus Disease 2019 which is a disease declared as global pandemicon 11th of March, 2020 by the World Health Organization, caused by the newly identified Coronavirus(SARS CoV-2 virus). There is a report of more than 213.6 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 andmore than 4.4 million associated deaths globally, according to Johns Hopkins University.(25.08.2021).Thepresent study has the objectives to assess the prevailing knowledge and known information amongst studentnurses about the COVID-19 pandemic, the known preventive practices against acquiring and spread of thedisease and to learn the preventive practices being used amongst student nurses amidst the pandemic.Thesetting selected for the study was AIIMS, New Delhi, Nurses Hostel through online mode. A convenientnon-probability sampling was adopted for data collection using a structured questionnaire for 2nd year BSc.(Hons) Nursing Students (n=75).The data were obtained and analysis was done in terms of descriptive andinferential statistics. Results showed that 64%, 33.3% ,2.7% nursing students had high, moderate and lowlevel of knowledge (with a score of 18 or more,12-17 and ,lower than 11)respectively. The mean knowledgescore was 17.82 for a total score of 24 (74.25%). 57.3%, 40% and 2.7% had high, moderate and low level ofperformance of preventive practice respectively with a score of 52 or more, 35-51 and lower than 35, and amean of 51.90 for a total score of 70(74.1%). CONCLUSION: A majority of the study population of nursingstudents had adequate knowledge who followed adequate preventive practices against the COVID-19pandemic, however quite a large percentage still had below average knowledge about the disease and aneven lower percentage implemented practices for the prevention of acquiring the disease in their daily lives.","PeriodicalId":18400,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Update","volume":"21 1","pages":"375-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82051880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The burden due to the morbidity and mortality of snake bite in India is significantly higher. Itis estimated around 1.2 million snakebite deaths (average 58,000/year) has occurred in India from the year2000 to 2019. However the real burden of snake bite is unknown due to under reporting. This study aims tobring out region specific data on fatal snake bitesResults: The study was conducted at the dep of forensic medicine from 2016 to 2020. A total of 75 cases offatal snake bite cases were autopsied. The number of female cases 39 (52.3) and males were 36 (48.0). Themaximum no 52 (69.4%) cases were reported between the months of April to September. The common timefor snake bite was in the night 40 (53.3%) followed by the daytime 33 (44.0%). The place of incidence wheremost of the bites happened was in and around the homes of the victims 46 (61.3) followed by the workplaces29 (38.7%). The commonest site were the bite mark was noted in the lower limbs 33 (44%) cases. Around 22(23.9%) cases were seen in age groups of 45 to 59 years and 19 (25.3%) cases in 35 to 44 years. The speciesof snake in majority of the cases i.e., 65 (86.7%) was unknown. Around 40 (53.3%) cases of kidney samplesshowed acute tubular followed by congestion.Conclusion: The number of fatal bites were comparatively higher than that of the statistics available. Most ofthe findings of our study was consistent with the similar studies. The species of snake was largely unknownin this study because new snake species like hump nose pit viper can inflict fatal bites and are difficult toidentify. Region specific data on snake bite will reflect the exact volume of snake bites in the country andwould largely help in drafting policies to reduce mortality
{"title":"Profile of Snake Bite Deaths in South India: An Autopsy based Stud","authors":"K. Shanmugam, S. GerardPradeepDevnath","doi":"10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3154","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The burden due to the morbidity and mortality of snake bite in India is significantly higher. Itis estimated around 1.2 million snakebite deaths (average 58,000/year) has occurred in India from the year2000 to 2019. However the real burden of snake bite is unknown due to under reporting. This study aims tobring out region specific data on fatal snake bitesResults: The study was conducted at the dep of forensic medicine from 2016 to 2020. A total of 75 cases offatal snake bite cases were autopsied. The number of female cases 39 (52.3) and males were 36 (48.0). Themaximum no 52 (69.4%) cases were reported between the months of April to September. The common timefor snake bite was in the night 40 (53.3%) followed by the daytime 33 (44.0%). The place of incidence wheremost of the bites happened was in and around the homes of the victims 46 (61.3) followed by the workplaces29 (38.7%). The commonest site were the bite mark was noted in the lower limbs 33 (44%) cases. Around 22(23.9%) cases were seen in age groups of 45 to 59 years and 19 (25.3%) cases in 35 to 44 years. The speciesof snake in majority of the cases i.e., 65 (86.7%) was unknown. Around 40 (53.3%) cases of kidney samplesshowed acute tubular followed by congestion.Conclusion: The number of fatal bites were comparatively higher than that of the statistics available. Most ofthe findings of our study was consistent with the similar studies. The species of snake was largely unknownin this study because new snake species like hump nose pit viper can inflict fatal bites and are difficult toidentify. Region specific data on snake bite will reflect the exact volume of snake bites in the country andwould largely help in drafting policies to reduce mortality","PeriodicalId":18400,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Update","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88672754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: E-learning has expanded recently in response to the social distance measures duringCOVID-19 pandemic. A part of the learning process is evaluating its effectiveness and impact on learners.Aim: to examine nursing students’ perceptions of e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A literature search to identify publications on perceptions of e-learning was conducted via threedatabases.Conclusion: Sixty five articles were included and reviewed. The articles addressed the following: (1)benefits of e-learning, (2) drawbacks and challenges (3) Students’ interaction, (4) e-learning environment(5) students’ engagement and satisfaction, (6) e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic, and (7) Clinicaltraining during COVID-19 pandemic. Shifting to E-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has manybenefits that positively impact student health status and learning outcome, although it has several drawbacksand barriers that can affect the learning process quality. Finally, implementing e-learning is not an easytask; higher education institutions should consider several factors to provide the students with an efficientlearning process
{"title":"Nursing Students Perception of E-learning during COVID-19 Pandemic; A Literature Review","authors":"Mohammad R Alosta, I. Khalaf","doi":"10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3141","url":null,"abstract":"Background: E-learning has expanded recently in response to the social distance measures duringCOVID-19 pandemic. A part of the learning process is evaluating its effectiveness and impact on learners.Aim: to examine nursing students’ perceptions of e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A literature search to identify publications on perceptions of e-learning was conducted via threedatabases.Conclusion: Sixty five articles were included and reviewed. The articles addressed the following: (1)benefits of e-learning, (2) drawbacks and challenges (3) Students’ interaction, (4) e-learning environment(5) students’ engagement and satisfaction, (6) e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic, and (7) Clinicaltraining during COVID-19 pandemic. Shifting to E-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has manybenefits that positively impact student health status and learning outcome, although it has several drawbacksand barriers that can affect the learning process quality. Finally, implementing e-learning is not an easytask; higher education institutions should consider several factors to provide the students with an efficientlearning process","PeriodicalId":18400,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Update","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87061191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a teaching of the Dignified Justice Philosophy, that the purpose of the law is to humanize human being,Legal Aid for patients, especially patients who come from socially marginalized and the poor people who arethe victims of medical malpractice in the legal relationship of health services have become the legal normin the Pancasila Legal System. Using a normative legal research method this research has found that LegalAid is essentially the manifestation of the institution of justice. This legal institution is provided for the legalrelationship of the medical-legal service has been considered as a dignified legal protection model. Since, inthis legal institution the position of patients as consumers especially the poor and marginalized patients asconsumers of health services who happened to be the victims of medical malpractice are made equal withdoctors and nurses and hospitals in the health services. As the institution of the law, the dignified Legal Aidmakes it possible for patients especially patients from the poor and marginalized society could afford justiceand managed in helping those who did medical malpractice being held accountable before the law, includingbefore the criminal court after being held ethically accountable in the court of ethics.
{"title":"Legal Aid For Victims of Medical Malpractice (A Dignified Justice Perspective)","authors":"T. Prasetyo, T. Handayani","doi":"10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3158","url":null,"abstract":"As a teaching of the Dignified Justice Philosophy, that the purpose of the law is to humanize human being,Legal Aid for patients, especially patients who come from socially marginalized and the poor people who arethe victims of medical malpractice in the legal relationship of health services have become the legal normin the Pancasila Legal System. Using a normative legal research method this research has found that LegalAid is essentially the manifestation of the institution of justice. This legal institution is provided for the legalrelationship of the medical-legal service has been considered as a dignified legal protection model. Since, inthis legal institution the position of patients as consumers especially the poor and marginalized patients asconsumers of health services who happened to be the victims of medical malpractice are made equal withdoctors and nurses and hospitals in the health services. As the institution of the law, the dignified Legal Aidmakes it possible for patients especially patients from the poor and marginalized society could afford justiceand managed in helping those who did medical malpractice being held accountable before the law, includingbefore the criminal court after being held ethically accountable in the court of ethics.","PeriodicalId":18400,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Update","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85512707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Fatigue is a common symptom and has a greater effect on daily living of myasthenia gravis(MG) patients than has muscle weakness. Latest evidence suggested that fatigue in MG negatively impactdisease severity. The relationship between fatigue level with disease severity has never been explored in MGpatients. Aims. The study aimed to determine the association between fatigue level and disease severity inmyasthenia gravis patients at Dr. Soetomo Public Hospital Surabaya. Method. A cross-sectional was usedin this research. Participants of the research were patients with myasthenia gravis in Neurology Clinic, Dr.Soetomo Public Hospital Surabaya. The period of data collection was from April to June 2021. Fatigue levelmeasured with Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) questionaire and disease severity measured with MyastheniaGravis Composite (MGC) score. Data analysed using SPSS version 22.0 with significances of p <0.05.Results. There were 37 participants consisted of 14 males and 23 females. Mean age of participants 45,03± 11,69. Mean age of onset was 40,38 ± 12,60. The mean FSS was 4,02 ± 1,93 and mean MGC was 5,24 ±5,64. From all participants, we found that about 24 patients (64,9%) showed severe fatigue and 22 patients(58,5%) have severe disease status. The Chi-Square correlation test analysis indicates a significant associationbetween FSS mean score and MGC mean score (p = 0.009, OR at 6,750) 95% CI (1,51-30,16). Conclusion.There was an association between fatigue level and disease severity in myasthenia gravis patients.
背景:疲劳是重症肌无力(MG)患者的常见症状，其对日常生活的影响大于肌肉无力。最新的证据表明，MG的疲劳对疾病的严重程度有负面影响。在mgg患者中，疲劳程度与疾病严重程度之间的关系从未被研究过。目标该研究旨在确定泗水Soetomo公立医院重症肌无力患者的疲劳程度与疾病严重程度之间的关系。方法。本研究采用横断面法。研究对象为泗水soetomo公立医院神经内科重症肌无力患者。数据收集期为2021年4月至6月。用疲劳严重程度量表(FSS)测量疲劳水平，用重症肌无力复合评分(MGC)测量疾病严重程度。数据分析采用SPSS 22.0版，差异有统计学意义p <0.05。共有37名参与者，包括14名男性和23名女性。参与者平均年龄45,03±11,69。平均发病年龄为40、38±12、60岁。FSS平均值为4.02±1.93,MGC平均值为5.24±5.64。在所有参与者中，我们发现约24例患者(64.9%)表现出严重疲劳，22例患者(58.5%)有严重疾病状态。卡方相关检验分析表明，FSS平均评分和MGC平均评分之间存在显著相关性(p = 0.009, OR = 6,750)， 95% CI(1,51-30,16)。结论。重症肌无力患者的疲劳程度与疾病严重程度之间存在相关性。
{"title":"Association between Fatigue Level with Disease Severity in Myasthenia Gravis Patients","authors":"D. Pambudi, Fadil, M. Hamdan","doi":"10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3115","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fatigue is a common symptom and has a greater effect on daily living of myasthenia gravis(MG) patients than has muscle weakness. Latest evidence suggested that fatigue in MG negatively impactdisease severity. The relationship between fatigue level with disease severity has never been explored in MGpatients. Aims. The study aimed to determine the association between fatigue level and disease severity inmyasthenia gravis patients at Dr. Soetomo Public Hospital Surabaya. Method. A cross-sectional was usedin this research. Participants of the research were patients with myasthenia gravis in Neurology Clinic, Dr.Soetomo Public Hospital Surabaya. The period of data collection was from April to June 2021. Fatigue levelmeasured with Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) questionaire and disease severity measured with MyastheniaGravis Composite (MGC) score. Data analysed using SPSS version 22.0 with significances of p <0.05.Results. There were 37 participants consisted of 14 males and 23 females. Mean age of participants 45,03± 11,69. Mean age of onset was 40,38 ± 12,60. The mean FSS was 4,02 ± 1,93 and mean MGC was 5,24 ±5,64. From all participants, we found that about 24 patients (64,9%) showed severe fatigue and 22 patients(58,5%) have severe disease status. The Chi-Square correlation test analysis indicates a significant associationbetween FSS mean score and MGC mean score (p = 0.009, OR at 6,750) 95% CI (1,51-30,16). Conclusion.There was an association between fatigue level and disease severity in myasthenia gravis patients.","PeriodicalId":18400,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Update","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82266948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some of the co-morbidities that may cause death in COVID-19 patients include: hypertension, diabetes, lung disease, heart disease and malaria. People with the disease have a high death rate when they become infected with COVID-19. The aim of this study is to analyze the deaths of the top 10 diseases in the Papua Province prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used in this study is a mix method. The research was conducted in Papua Province and Yowari Regional Hospital, Jayapura Regency, from September to November 2020. The informants were the Head of the Provincial Health Office and three heads of the COVID-19 epicenter of the Health Office. Quantitative samples were taken from patients who died between January 2020 and June 2020, namely 87 cases of death. A sample of 87 people was obtained using a total sampling technique. Data gathering techniques are secondary data and in-depth interviews. The results showed an increase in the number of deaths in the top 10 diseases before and during COVID-19, with an increase of 71 percent. The cause of the increase in death rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was due to a misconception of health and illness, as well as to the behavior of people who were late to go to health services. Death from heart failure was the main cause of death. At Yowari Regional Hospital, Jayapura Regency, people who died from the top 10 diseases before COVID-19 were aged 26-45 years, i.e. 11 people (34.4 percent). Meanwhile, the majority were 46-65 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e. 18 people (32.7 percent). Promotional and preventive efforts are the strategy of the local government (Health Department) to reduce deaths from the top 10 diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Death Analysis of 10 Major Diseases Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic in Papua Province, Indonesia, 2020","authors":"Hasmi, D. Bouway, Yacob Ruru","doi":"10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3128","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the co-morbidities that may cause death in COVID-19 patients include: hypertension, diabetes, lung disease, heart disease and malaria. People with the disease have a high death rate when they become infected with COVID-19. The aim of this study is to analyze the deaths of the top 10 diseases in the Papua Province prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used in this study is a mix method. The research was conducted in Papua Province and Yowari Regional Hospital, Jayapura Regency, from September to November 2020. The informants were the Head of the Provincial Health Office and three heads of the COVID-19 epicenter of the Health Office. Quantitative samples were taken from patients who died between January 2020 and June 2020, namely 87 cases of death. A sample of 87 people was obtained using a total sampling technique. Data gathering techniques are secondary data and in-depth interviews. The results showed an increase in the number of deaths in the top 10 diseases before and during COVID-19, with an increase of 71 percent. The cause of the increase in death rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was due to a misconception of health and illness, as well as to the behavior of people who were late to go to health services. Death from heart failure was the main cause of death. At Yowari Regional Hospital, Jayapura Regency, people who died from the top 10 diseases before COVID-19 were aged 26-45 years, i.e. 11 people (34.4 percent). Meanwhile, the majority were 46-65 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e. 18 people (32.7 percent). Promotional and preventive efforts are the strategy of the local government (Health Department) to reduce deaths from the top 10 diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":18400,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Update","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83633000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristic of Patient with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo among the Elderly and the Younger Patients in 2013-2019","authors":"Sally Mahdiani, Wijana, Genggam Jagad Agami","doi":"10.37506/MLU.V21I4.3148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/MLU.V21I4.3148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18400,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Update","volume":"7 1","pages":"307-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78170190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In ultrasound imaging, the artifact is the term that can be used to describe various parts of an image that doesnot accurately represent the anatomic structure within the subject being evaluated. The current study aimsto explain the foundation of understanding the artifacts in conventional ultrasound and Doppler techniquesto highlight the effect which may occur as a result of these artifacts. Artifact in ultrasound imaging can beclassified into three categories according to its cause, artifacts caused by the patient, by instrument, and byan operator. Recognition of artifacts is important as they can be considered as tissue composition indicators.Therefore, it helps in the diagnosis. The ability to recognize and correct potential ultrasound artifacts issignificant for image quality improvement and optimal patient care. The most frequent artifact is acousticshadowing that had been seen in 11 from 54 cases and the less frequent is blooming artifact that occurred inonly 1 case from selected cases.
{"title":"Effects of Artifacts on the Diagnosis of Ultrasound Image","authors":"Alyaa M. Raheem","doi":"10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v21i4.3152","url":null,"abstract":"In ultrasound imaging, the artifact is the term that can be used to describe various parts of an image that doesnot accurately represent the anatomic structure within the subject being evaluated. The current study aimsto explain the foundation of understanding the artifacts in conventional ultrasound and Doppler techniquesto highlight the effect which may occur as a result of these artifacts. Artifact in ultrasound imaging can beclassified into three categories according to its cause, artifacts caused by the patient, by instrument, and byan operator. Recognition of artifacts is important as they can be considered as tissue composition indicators.Therefore, it helps in the diagnosis. The ability to recognize and correct potential ultrasound artifacts issignificant for image quality improvement and optimal patient care. The most frequent artifact is acousticshadowing that had been seen in 11 from 54 cases and the less frequent is blooming artifact that occurred inonly 1 case from selected cases.","PeriodicalId":18400,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Update","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78507805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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