Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114213
I. H. Ling, D. Teo
The continuous extraction of natural non-renewable resources such as lime and natural aggregates for the production of concrete, the introduction of sustainable development to overcome the issues of natural resource depletion has been gaining increased attention. The main objective of this research is to address the potential use of both agricultural and industrial wastes namely Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) respectively as raw material for the production of ‘Green’ lightweight concrete bricks. RHA was used as partial cement replacement, while the EPS was used as partial aggregate replacement in the mixes. Five different mix proportions were prepared. Sample A acts as the control sample (without RHA) and has a Cement: Sand: EPS ratio of 1.0∶ 1.5∶ 1.5, while samples B, C, D and E have RHA replacements of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively. The samples were tested for fresh concrete namely slump, fresh concrete density and air content while the hardened concrete properties tested were sorptivity, compressive strength and thermal conductivity. It was determined that EPS RHA concrete brick gives promising results.
{"title":"Lightweight concrete bricks produced from industrial and agricultural solid waste","authors":"I. H. Ling, D. Teo","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114213","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous extraction of natural non-renewable resources such as lime and natural aggregates for the production of concrete, the introduction of sustainable development to overcome the issues of natural resource depletion has been gaining increased attention. The main objective of this research is to address the potential use of both agricultural and industrial wastes namely Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) respectively as raw material for the production of ‘Green’ lightweight concrete bricks. RHA was used as partial cement replacement, while the EPS was used as partial aggregate replacement in the mixes. Five different mix proportions were prepared. Sample A acts as the control sample (without RHA) and has a Cement: Sand: EPS ratio of 1.0∶ 1.5∶ 1.5, while samples B, C, D and E have RHA replacements of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively. The samples were tested for fresh concrete namely slump, fresh concrete density and air content while the hardened concrete properties tested were sorptivity, compressive strength and thermal conductivity. It was determined that EPS RHA concrete brick gives promising results.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127499742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114231
Marta Valero, T. Zamora, J. Arlandis, J. Fayos, Anabel Crespo
ECO-RUBBER is a project aimed to implement a real industrialization of an eco-friendly tyre recycling and rubber sintering production system to place on the market high-quality recycled-rubber urban products. To reach this main objective, the optimization of the existing grinding and sintering lines is being carried out in order to enhance mechanical properties. Furthermore, functional and emotional criteria have been taken into account to prepare an initial design of the bollard, the selected urban furniture to demonstrate the advantages of an application made of recycled rubber. Then, finite element analyses have been implemented in order to optimize the design and minimize the amount of material to be used. Further work is yet to be done: a first prototype will be sintered and tested. Moreover, in order to enhance the perceived quality of sintered tyre rubber crumb products, an eco-label will be proposed.
{"title":"The implication of ECO-RUBBER project","authors":"Marta Valero, T. Zamora, J. Arlandis, J. Fayos, Anabel Crespo","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114231","url":null,"abstract":"ECO-RUBBER is a project aimed to implement a real industrialization of an eco-friendly tyre recycling and rubber sintering production system to place on the market high-quality recycled-rubber urban products. To reach this main objective, the optimization of the existing grinding and sintering lines is being carried out in order to enhance mechanical properties. Furthermore, functional and emotional criteria have been taken into account to prepare an initial design of the bollard, the selected urban furniture to demonstrate the advantages of an application made of recycled rubber. Then, finite element analyses have been implemented in order to optimize the design and minimize the amount of material to be used. Further work is yet to be done: a first prototype will be sintered and tested. Moreover, in order to enhance the perceived quality of sintered tyre rubber crumb products, an eco-label will be proposed.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125029820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114242
R. Begum, J. Pereira
The study found construction and demolition (C&D) waste comprising more or less a homogenous composition from various sources either construction or landfill sites or Klang Valley. The largest components of C&D waste are concrete, aggregate and rubbles followed by soil, wood, metals and roofing materials. In Klang Valley, 88% of the C&D waste generated is from residential buildings while 9% from commercial and 3% from government buildings resulted from increased demand of housing and commercial buildings. A majority of C&D waste dumps to the private land or illegal dumpsites while only 20% of them disposed in legal landfills. This is due to most of the legal landfills are reluctant to accept C&D waste because of their limited space. This paper attempts to document a profile of C&D waste generation and disposal into a one record to allow industry-wide dissemination though it has a limitation of facts and figures for representing the country as a whole. Therefore, there is a need for an authorized body in Malaysia to be responsible for collection, classification, analysis and storage of all types of C&D wastes and a centralized database of C&D wastes to serve a paradigm shift of good waste management practices in the construction industry.
{"title":"C & D waste profile of the Malaysian construction industry: Need a centralized database","authors":"R. Begum, J. Pereira","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114242","url":null,"abstract":"The study found construction and demolition (C&D) waste comprising more or less a homogenous composition from various sources either construction or landfill sites or Klang Valley. The largest components of C&D waste are concrete, aggregate and rubbles followed by soil, wood, metals and roofing materials. In Klang Valley, 88% of the C&D waste generated is from residential buildings while 9% from commercial and 3% from government buildings resulted from increased demand of housing and commercial buildings. A majority of C&D waste dumps to the private land or illegal dumpsites while only 20% of them disposed in legal landfills. This is due to most of the legal landfills are reluctant to accept C&D waste because of their limited space. This paper attempts to document a profile of C&D waste generation and disposal into a one record to allow industry-wide dissemination though it has a limitation of facts and figures for representing the country as a whole. Therefore, there is a need for an authorized body in Malaysia to be responsible for collection, classification, analysis and storage of all types of C&D wastes and a centralized database of C&D wastes to serve a paradigm shift of good waste management practices in the construction industry.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125333469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114241
S. Al‐Zuhair, H. Noura, A. Fardoun
High quality transformer oil is required to increase the reliability and the life time of the transformer. This oil carries information about the operating condition of the transformer. Therefore, the transformer oil properties should be monitored in order to give early warnings and maintain the transformers efficiency. When the oil quality is decreased, it should be either changed or regenerated. Transformer oil regeneration is carried out using adsorption on Activated Carbon (AC) produced from waste date-pits. After adsorption, drop in density, viscosity, neutralization index and metallic contents were observed, whereas adsorption resulted in an increase in interfacial area. The properties of the regenerated oil after adsorption was found to approach the acceptable standards, which clearly demonstrate the potential of using locally made AC from waste date-pits as an adsorption agent for transformer oil regeneration.
{"title":"Using Activated Carbon from waste date-pits as an adsorbent for transformer oil regeneration","authors":"S. Al‐Zuhair, H. Noura, A. Fardoun","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114241","url":null,"abstract":"High quality transformer oil is required to increase the reliability and the life time of the transformer. This oil carries information about the operating condition of the transformer. Therefore, the transformer oil properties should be monitored in order to give early warnings and maintain the transformers efficiency. When the oil quality is decreased, it should be either changed or regenerated. Transformer oil regeneration is carried out using adsorption on Activated Carbon (AC) produced from waste date-pits. After adsorption, drop in density, viscosity, neutralization index and metallic contents were observed, whereas adsorption resulted in an increase in interfacial area. The properties of the regenerated oil after adsorption was found to approach the acceptable standards, which clearly demonstrate the potential of using locally made AC from waste date-pits as an adsorption agent for transformer oil regeneration.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125541039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114239
I. Leobner, K. Ponweiser, G. Neugschwandtner, W. Kastner
This paper presents an abstract model for production facilities which is supposed to serve as a universally applicable base for the simulation of energy flows in a manufacturing company. Its goal is to enable integrated analysis and simulation, considering production processes, machinery, systems, and buildings as a whole in order to find the best leverage to optimize overall energy consumption. The requirements on the model and its general structure are explained as well as how its parts relate to specific aspects of a production facility. Furthermore, considerations for implementing a complex simulation on its basis are discussed.
{"title":"Energy efficient production - a holistic modeling approach","authors":"I. Leobner, K. Ponweiser, G. Neugschwandtner, W. Kastner","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114239","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an abstract model for production facilities which is supposed to serve as a universally applicable base for the simulation of energy flows in a manufacturing company. Its goal is to enable integrated analysis and simulation, considering production processes, machinery, systems, and buildings as a whole in order to find the best leverage to optimize overall energy consumption. The requirements on the model and its general structure are explained as well as how its parts relate to specific aspects of a production facility. Furthermore, considerations for implementing a complex simulation on its basis are discussed.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"31 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114057924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114217
Yan Zhou, Shurong Wang, Xiujuan Guo, M. Fang, Zhong-yang Luo
TG-FTIR was used to study the pyrolysis of cellulose with catalysts. The three zeolites (HZSM-5, H-β, USY) all inhibit the main decomposition of cellulose and reduced the formation of oxygenated compounds (such as aldehydes, acids and esters) effectively. HZSM-5 has the best deoxygenation activity. USY catalyzes the conversion of oxygenated compounds into iso-alkanes, and H-β promotes the formation of CO2 significantly.
{"title":"Catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose with zeolites","authors":"Yan Zhou, Shurong Wang, Xiujuan Guo, M. Fang, Zhong-yang Luo","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114217","url":null,"abstract":"TG-FTIR was used to study the pyrolysis of cellulose with catalysts. The three zeolites (HZSM-5, H-β, USY) all inhibit the main decomposition of cellulose and reduced the formation of oxygenated compounds (such as aldehydes, acids and esters) effectively. HZSM-5 has the best deoxygenation activity. USY catalyzes the conversion of oxygenated compounds into iso-alkanes, and H-β promotes the formation of CO2 significantly.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123922403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114220
A. A. Minhas, Fazl-e-Hadi, Danish Sattar, Kashif Mustaq, S. Rizvi
Wireless Senor Network (WSN) is an advanced sensing network consist of mini-nodes having abilities of sensing, processing and wireless connectivity. Due to distinguish capabilities, it is highly demanding network for reliable monitoring and analysis of physical parameters over any geographical area. Designing of routing protocols faces many challenges due to limited resources of WSN nodes like short memory, limited energy and limited processing. This paper has a qualitative study on four multicast routing protocols with energy-efficiency perspective. MAODV (Multi-cast Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector) is a tree based routing protocol with loop free routing. TEEN (Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient sensor Network protocol), SPEED and MMSPEED (Multi-path Multi SPEED) are cluster based routing protocols with individual effectiveness in different performance parameters. Finally a summary of these protocols is presented with a table of different performance parameters.
无线传感器网络(WSN)是一种由具有感知、处理和无线连接能力的微型节点组成的先进传感网络。由于能力的区别，对网络的要求很高，可以对任何地理区域的物理参数进行可靠的监测和分析。由于无线传感器网络节点的资源有限，如内存短、能量有限、处理能力有限等，路由协议的设计面临许多挑战。本文从节能的角度对四种组播路由协议进行了定性研究。MAODV (Multi-cast Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector)是一种基于树的无环路路由协议。TEEN (Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient sensor Network protocol)、SPEED和MMSPEED (Multi-path Multi SPEED)是基于集群的路由协议，在不同的性能参数下具有各自的有效性。最后对这些协议进行了总结，并给出了不同性能参数的表。
{"title":"Energy efficient multicast routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"A. A. Minhas, Fazl-e-Hadi, Danish Sattar, Kashif Mustaq, S. Rizvi","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114220","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Senor Network (WSN) is an advanced sensing network consist of mini-nodes having abilities of sensing, processing and wireless connectivity. Due to distinguish capabilities, it is highly demanding network for reliable monitoring and analysis of physical parameters over any geographical area. Designing of routing protocols faces many challenges due to limited resources of WSN nodes like short memory, limited energy and limited processing. This paper has a qualitative study on four multicast routing protocols with energy-efficiency perspective. MAODV (Multi-cast Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector) is a tree based routing protocol with loop free routing. TEEN (Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient sensor Network protocol), SPEED and MMSPEED (Multi-path Multi SPEED) are cluster based routing protocols with individual effectiveness in different performance parameters. Finally a summary of these protocols is presented with a table of different performance parameters.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125249283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114229
M. A. Martín-Luengo, M. Yates, M. Ramos, J. Salgado, R. M. Martín Aranda, F. Plou, J. López Sanz, R. Lozano Pirrongelli, E. Saez Rojo, L. Gonzalez Gil, A. Martínez Serrano, E. Ruiz-Hitzky
The use of agricultural industrial wastes to obtain value added products is an issue of utmost importance today, since solutions to problems of environmental pollution are crucial in order to achieve a sustainable development. In this respect the contribution of the so called “Renewable Raw Materials” from agricultural wastes can be a promising starting point. Further, given their provenance, these materials can be also considered as “Ecomaterials”. This issue is now considered as one of the main scientific goals at an international level, given their benign environmental impact Using waste materials avoids the expense of other often non-renewable materials, among many other benefits, with groups which are working in this philosophy called “cradle to grave” under which industries may be able to turn waste into useful materials for themselves or others, thus closing a cycle with obvious benefits. The renewable raw materials developed in our group are value added materials prepared from agricultural industrial wastes, avoiding the use of toxic substances to the environment, as well as achieving maximum economy and reduction of energy expenditure. Some of the processes developed are: immobilization of enzymes for biocatalytic processes, design of scaffolds for tissue engineering, conversion of liquid renewable raw materials into fine chemical intermediates avoiding the use of petroleum derivatives and catalysts for environmental protection.
{"title":"Renewable Raw Materials for advanced applications","authors":"M. A. Martín-Luengo, M. Yates, M. Ramos, J. Salgado, R. M. Martín Aranda, F. Plou, J. López Sanz, R. Lozano Pirrongelli, E. Saez Rojo, L. Gonzalez Gil, A. Martínez Serrano, E. Ruiz-Hitzky","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114229","url":null,"abstract":"The use of agricultural industrial wastes to obtain value added products is an issue of utmost importance today, since solutions to problems of environmental pollution are crucial in order to achieve a sustainable development. In this respect the contribution of the so called “Renewable Raw Materials” from agricultural wastes can be a promising starting point. Further, given their provenance, these materials can be also considered as “Ecomaterials”. This issue is now considered as one of the main scientific goals at an international level, given their benign environmental impact Using waste materials avoids the expense of other often non-renewable materials, among many other benefits, with groups which are working in this philosophy called “cradle to grave” under which industries may be able to turn waste into useful materials for themselves or others, thus closing a cycle with obvious benefits. The renewable raw materials developed in our group are value added materials prepared from agricultural industrial wastes, avoiding the use of toxic substances to the environment, as well as achieving maximum economy and reduction of energy expenditure. Some of the processes developed are: immobilization of enzymes for biocatalytic processes, design of scaffolds for tissue engineering, conversion of liquid renewable raw materials into fine chemical intermediates avoiding the use of petroleum derivatives and catalysts for environmental protection.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"374 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133366916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114227
S. Salehin, Huaicheng Zhang, Tomas Larriba Martinez, G. Papakokkinos, Govinda Upadhyay, E. Bowler, J.M.N. van Kasteren
Each year thousands of people get displaced and are forced to live in refugee camps or relief camps because of man-made or natural disasters. These people often lack basic needs such as clean water, lighting, cooling, etc. and many times these camps exist for more than 7–8 years. This paper aims at conceptualizing an Emergency Energy Module (EEM) which provides electrical energy to satisfy the basic needs and that can be deployed as an emergency response in a self-sufficient, self-contained, and highly mobile fashion, to support the energy demand of a refugee or a relief camp and the aid workers for long term. As a case study, a refugee camp near Chad-Sudan border has been investigated. As a preliminary study, electrical demand was determined for the camp. Further, locally available energy resources were studied and assessed based on key design criteria and the technologies were selected to meet the demand. Polycrystalline Solar PV panels, micro wind turbine and biogas polyethylene digester and diesel generator were chosen as the technology to harness selected energy resources. HOMER Software has been used for optimization and techno-economic analysis of the energy system. The selected solution has been, then, analyzed from an operational point of view.
{"title":"Designing of an Emergency Energy Module for relief and refugee camp situations: Case study for a refugee camp in Chad-Sudan border","authors":"S. Salehin, Huaicheng Zhang, Tomas Larriba Martinez, G. Papakokkinos, Govinda Upadhyay, E. Bowler, J.M.N. van Kasteren","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114227","url":null,"abstract":"Each year thousands of people get displaced and are forced to live in refugee camps or relief camps because of man-made or natural disasters. These people often lack basic needs such as clean water, lighting, cooling, etc. and many times these camps exist for more than 7–8 years. This paper aims at conceptualizing an Emergency Energy Module (EEM) which provides electrical energy to satisfy the basic needs and that can be deployed as an emergency response in a self-sufficient, self-contained, and highly mobile fashion, to support the energy demand of a refugee or a relief camp and the aid workers for long term. As a case study, a refugee camp near Chad-Sudan border has been investigated. As a preliminary study, electrical demand was determined for the camp. Further, locally available energy resources were studied and assessed based on key design criteria and the technologies were selected to meet the demand. Polycrystalline Solar PV panels, micro wind turbine and biogas polyethylene digester and diesel generator were chosen as the technology to harness selected energy resources. HOMER Software has been used for optimization and techno-economic analysis of the energy system. The selected solution has been, then, analyzed from an operational point of view.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132279705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114254
Shafiq ur Réhman, J. Coughlan
E-commerce is becoming more widespread as its ability being recognize to rapidly respond to requests and as more products and services become available. At the present time, only human beings are able to understand the services and product information published online. This cause unnecessary delay in decision making and increase the efforts of humans. In current e-World agents are replacing humans to perform the same tasks in much smarter ways. They negotiate, decide and perform on behalf of humans. Nevertheless, price is the one of the major criterion by which agents are created. This factor is easy to measure and automate. In this paper, we present an agent based model for B2C e-commerce, which deploys intelligent agents to facilitate autonomous and automatic on-line searching by intelligent agents which quickly responds to customers requests. System rests on 3-tier application and ontology of books and implementation of searching and comparison module to gain the deep perspective of domain. Implementing the architecture for online services, that is, searching the product from online web sites and comparing that product amongst different web sites and getting the result of cheapest price at the run time is our main objective. We analyzed the effectiveness of the model by customer-driven web site which provided information about products in an efficient way. The basic purpose was to satisfy our customers and search the product in cheapest price.
{"title":"Smart agent for automated e-commerce","authors":"Shafiq ur Réhman, J. Coughlan","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114254","url":null,"abstract":"E-commerce is becoming more widespread as its ability being recognize to rapidly respond to requests and as more products and services become available. At the present time, only human beings are able to understand the services and product information published online. This cause unnecessary delay in decision making and increase the efforts of humans. In current e-World agents are replacing humans to perform the same tasks in much smarter ways. They negotiate, decide and perform on behalf of humans. Nevertheless, price is the one of the major criterion by which agents are created. This factor is easy to measure and automate. In this paper, we present an agent based model for B2C e-commerce, which deploys intelligent agents to facilitate autonomous and automatic on-line searching by intelligent agents which quickly responds to customers requests. System rests on 3-tier application and ontology of books and implementation of searching and comparison module to gain the deep perspective of domain. Implementing the architecture for online services, that is, searching the product from online web sites and comparing that product amongst different web sites and getting the result of cheapest price at the run time is our main objective. We analyzed the effectiveness of the model by customer-driven web site which provided information about products in an efficient way. The basic purpose was to satisfy our customers and search the product in cheapest price.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132254482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：