Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114246
A. Houshmand, W. Daud
Surface of activated carbon can be functionalized with amine groups to enhance their capacity for CO2 adsorption. Amine functionalized solid sorbents were prepared by anchoring two types of amine compounds, namely ethylenediamine (EDA) and 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloric acid (CEA) on the surface of palm shell based activated carbon (PSAC). Samples of PSAC were first oxidized by nitric acid using three different available setups to ensure about creation of a significant amount of oxygen containing groups on the surface. At the second stage, the best oxidized sample was modified by anchoring EDA and CEA on the surface to produce a superior CO2 adsorbent. Several quantitative and qualitative methods were used to characterize the prepared samples: Nitrogen adsorption at 77K, proximate and ultimate analysis and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Moreover, CO2 adsorption study was carried out using CO2 adsorption isothermal profile at 30°C and temperature-programmed (TP) CO2 adsorption test. All modified samples had a lower surface area than the virgin PSAC. The best modified sample presented an increase of 45% in CO2 capture capacity at 100°C. On the other hand, on the basis of unit surface area, CO2 capture capacity of amine modified samples was much higher, compared to the parent sample. Furthermore, the modified samples showed a less dependency of their CO2 capacity on temperature indicating chemisorption of the adsorbate on the PSAC surface.
{"title":"Functionalization of palm shell based activated carbon with amine groups for carbon dioxide capture","authors":"A. Houshmand, W. Daud","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114246","url":null,"abstract":"Surface of activated carbon can be functionalized with amine groups to enhance their capacity for CO2 adsorption. Amine functionalized solid sorbents were prepared by anchoring two types of amine compounds, namely ethylenediamine (EDA) and 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloric acid (CEA) on the surface of palm shell based activated carbon (PSAC). Samples of PSAC were first oxidized by nitric acid using three different available setups to ensure about creation of a significant amount of oxygen containing groups on the surface. At the second stage, the best oxidized sample was modified by anchoring EDA and CEA on the surface to produce a superior CO2 adsorbent. Several quantitative and qualitative methods were used to characterize the prepared samples: Nitrogen adsorption at 77K, proximate and ultimate analysis and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Moreover, CO2 adsorption study was carried out using CO2 adsorption isothermal profile at 30°C and temperature-programmed (TP) CO2 adsorption test. All modified samples had a lower surface area than the virgin PSAC. The best modified sample presented an increase of 45% in CO2 capture capacity at 100°C. On the other hand, on the basis of unit surface area, CO2 capture capacity of amine modified samples was much higher, compared to the parent sample. Furthermore, the modified samples showed a less dependency of their CO2 capacity on temperature indicating chemisorption of the adsorbate on the PSAC surface.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122728666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114243
M. A. Hannan, Maher Arebey, R. Begum, H. Basri
An advanced image processing approach integrated with communication technologies and a camera for bin level detection has been presented. The proposed system is developed to overcome the environmental situation of bin and variety of waste being thrown inside it. Gray Level Aura Matrix (GLAM) approach is proposed to extract the bin image texture. The GLAM parameter such as neighboring system is investigated to determine the best parameters values. To evaluate the performance of the system, the extracted image is trained and tested using MLP and KNN classifiers. The results have shown that the bin level classification accuracies reach acceptable performance levels for class and grade classification with rate of 98.98% and 90.19% using MLP classifier and 96.91% and 89.14% using KNN classifier, respectively. The results demonstrated that the proposed system is a robust and can work with variety of waste and various bin situations.
{"title":"Gray Level Aura Matrix: An image processing approach for waste bin level detection","authors":"M. A. Hannan, Maher Arebey, R. Begum, H. Basri","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114243","url":null,"abstract":"An advanced image processing approach integrated with communication technologies and a camera for bin level detection has been presented. The proposed system is developed to overcome the environmental situation of bin and variety of waste being thrown inside it. Gray Level Aura Matrix (GLAM) approach is proposed to extract the bin image texture. The GLAM parameter such as neighboring system is investigated to determine the best parameters values. To evaluate the performance of the system, the extracted image is trained and tested using MLP and KNN classifiers. The results have shown that the bin level classification accuracies reach acceptable performance levels for class and grade classification with rate of 98.98% and 90.19% using MLP classifier and 96.91% and 89.14% using KNN classifier, respectively. The results demonstrated that the proposed system is a robust and can work with variety of waste and various bin situations.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121987190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114232
I. Dionysiou, P. Pouyioutas, H. Gjermundrød, Chrystalla Miltiadou, Theodora Ioannou
This paper discusses a software application that will assist those involved in any of the stages of the housing development lifespan to make informed decisions based on the sustainability assessment of the entire development. This will lead to harmonization of the design of housing compounds with the environmental design and sustainability parameters and to the promotion of sustainable development practices.
{"title":"A software tool for evaluating the sustainability performance of housing developments","authors":"I. Dionysiou, P. Pouyioutas, H. Gjermundrød, Chrystalla Miltiadou, Theodora Ioannou","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114232","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses a software application that will assist those involved in any of the stages of the housing development lifespan to make informed decisions based on the sustainability assessment of the entire development. This will lead to harmonization of the design of housing compounds with the environmental design and sustainability parameters and to the promotion of sustainable development practices.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116806017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114218
Yu-Yin Liu, Wei-Lun Ho, Ta-Chang Lin, Ying-Jan Wang
Diesel blended with minor biodiesel has been implemented as an initial act on alternative energy issue worldwide. Biodiesel brings the change of pollutant emissions after a burning process. The surface morphology and biotoxicity comparisons of particulate emitted from diesel and biodiesel blend was carried out using an unmodified four-stroke engine generator. Particulate size distribution was measured using a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor. The Microtox test and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay indicate the acute and cell viability, respectively, for the particulate collected in the engine exhaust gas. The results showed that diesel produces more particulate than biodiesel blend as expected, and the light operating load does not favor a particulate reduction. No significant trend was observed between the acute toxicity and engine operating load. The engine optimum operation differed fueling with diesel and B10. Additionally, engine running at a high operating load was observed to reduce the particulate cytotoxicity in the engine exhaust.
{"title":"Morphological observation and biotoxicity assays on biodiesel particulate from diesel engine exhaust","authors":"Yu-Yin Liu, Wei-Lun Ho, Ta-Chang Lin, Ying-Jan Wang","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114218","url":null,"abstract":"Diesel blended with minor biodiesel has been implemented as an initial act on alternative energy issue worldwide. Biodiesel brings the change of pollutant emissions after a burning process. The surface morphology and biotoxicity comparisons of particulate emitted from diesel and biodiesel blend was carried out using an unmodified four-stroke engine generator. Particulate size distribution was measured using a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor. The Microtox test and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay indicate the acute and cell viability, respectively, for the particulate collected in the engine exhaust gas. The results showed that diesel produces more particulate than biodiesel blend as expected, and the light operating load does not favor a particulate reduction. No significant trend was observed between the acute toxicity and engine operating load. The engine optimum operation differed fueling with diesel and B10. Additionally, engine running at a high operating load was observed to reduce the particulate cytotoxicity in the engine exhaust.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120847762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114233
A. Zen, A. Bianchi
This paper presents a proposal of sustainable energy indicators for cities. This research presents 26 indicators classified into five dimensions (environmental, economic, social, territorial and political). The indicators were validated by experts of different fields who also gave weights for each indicator depending on its importance to sustainability. This resulted in the finding of key indicators in each dimension. The analysis of these five dimensions could help policymakers to foster sustainable energy development in the cities.
{"title":"Assessment of sustainable energy of cities: A proposal of indicators","authors":"A. Zen, A. Bianchi","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114233","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a proposal of sustainable energy indicators for cities. This research presents 26 indicators classified into five dimensions (environmental, economic, social, territorial and political). The indicators were validated by experts of different fields who also gave weights for each indicator depending on its importance to sustainability. This resulted in the finding of key indicators in each dimension. The analysis of these five dimensions could help policymakers to foster sustainable energy development in the cities.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116431350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114245
H. Hassan, W. Farag, M. Saad, A. Elshafei
This paper proposes a design of sophisticated multi-Objective H2/H∞ collective pitch controllers using linear Matrix Inequalities' techniques. The proposed controller's design takes into account model uncertainties by designing a controller based on a polytopic model. The LMI-based approach allows additional constraints to be included in the design (e.g. H∞ problem, H2 problem, H∞/H2 trade-off criteria, and pole clustering).These constraints are exploited to include requirements for perfect regulation, efficient disturbance rejection, and permissible actuator usage. The proposed controller is compared to an optimal linear quadratic regulator pitch controller based on single model. Both controllers are tested on 5-MW Reference wind turbine model developed by NREL using FAST software code.
{"title":"Design of multi-objective robust pitch control for large wind turbines","authors":"H. Hassan, W. Farag, M. Saad, A. Elshafei","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114245","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a design of sophisticated multi-Objective H2/H∞ collective pitch controllers using linear Matrix Inequalities' techniques. The proposed controller's design takes into account model uncertainties by designing a controller based on a polytopic model. The LMI-based approach allows additional constraints to be included in the design (e.g. H∞ problem, H2 problem, H∞/H2 trade-off criteria, and pole clustering).These constraints are exploited to include requirements for perfect regulation, efficient disturbance rejection, and permissible actuator usage. The proposed controller is compared to an optimal linear quadratic regulator pitch controller based on single model. Both controllers are tested on 5-MW Reference wind turbine model developed by NREL using FAST software code.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132921117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114214
Prajit Paul, Soumendu Kumar Ghosh, Krishnendu Ghosh, D. Mukherjee
In order to configure the right kind of Photovoltaic (PV) panel/PV arrays in a typical Indian climatic condition, electrical characterizations of different kinds of PV modules were carried out by the authors under varying levels of incident solar radiation (insolation). The experimental results reveal that amorphous silicon modules definitely enjoy advantages of lower mismatch losses with respect to crystalline silicon counterparts.
{"title":"Impact of mismatch losses arising in crystalline and amorphous silicon PV modules-An Indian experience","authors":"Prajit Paul, Soumendu Kumar Ghosh, Krishnendu Ghosh, D. Mukherjee","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114214","url":null,"abstract":"In order to configure the right kind of Photovoltaic (PV) panel/PV arrays in a typical Indian climatic condition, electrical characterizations of different kinds of PV modules were carried out by the authors under varying levels of incident solar radiation (insolation). The experimental results reveal that amorphous silicon modules definitely enjoy advantages of lower mismatch losses with respect to crystalline silicon counterparts.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124409751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114210
F. Abidi
Cloud computing, in spite of a few issues associated with it, is being proposed as the panacea of many IT challenges. The various delivery models of it provide a unique way of sharing resources which was never the case before. The adoption of the various delivery models will in turn help in reducing piracy levels. The health industry which, at present, is plagued by issues like high cost etc is bound to benefit the most. The robotics industry as well can make use of cloud computing in making the robots cheaper, faster, and lighter.
{"title":"Cloud computing and its effects on healthcare, robotics, and piracy","authors":"F. Abidi","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114210","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud computing, in spite of a few issues associated with it, is being proposed as the panacea of many IT challenges. The various delivery models of it provide a unique way of sharing resources which was never the case before. The adoption of the various delivery models will in turn help in reducing piracy levels. The health industry which, at present, is plagued by issues like high cost etc is bound to benefit the most. The robotics industry as well can make use of cloud computing in making the robots cheaper, faster, and lighter.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131626837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114237
Shobhana Singh, Subodh Kumar
In present study, the simple test procedure is proposed for thermal performance evaluation of solar dryers in general and mixed mode dryer in particular. Steady state heat balance concept has been applied to the absorber surface of collector-dryer assembly for identification of a dimensionless parameter called Dryer Performance Ratio (DPR) representing the effectiveness of a dryer. No-load experiments on mixed mode dryer have been performed for natural and forced air circulation under indoor controlled conditions. The dryer is tested for a wide range of operating conditions of absorbed thermal energy (300–800W/m2) and air mass flow rate (0.009–0.026 kg/s). Comparison of DPR values obtained for natural and forced air circulations indicates a significant performance improvement of 94% at the minimum air flow rate of 0.009 kg/s. It is also found that there is sharp rise in DPR by 31% is observed when airflow is increased from 0.009 to 0.017 kg/s and thereafter a marginal increase of 4% can be noticed for air flow enhancement of ∼ 53%. Another important finding of present study relates to invariable DPR values obtained for a wide range of absorbed energy and ambient air temperature data irrespective of air circulation mode adopted for a dryer.
{"title":"Thermal test procedure for mixed mode solar dryer","authors":"Shobhana Singh, Subodh Kumar","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114237","url":null,"abstract":"In present study, the simple test procedure is proposed for thermal performance evaluation of solar dryers in general and mixed mode dryer in particular. Steady state heat balance concept has been applied to the absorber surface of collector-dryer assembly for identification of a dimensionless parameter called Dryer Performance Ratio (DPR) representing the effectiveness of a dryer. No-load experiments on mixed mode dryer have been performed for natural and forced air circulation under indoor controlled conditions. The dryer is tested for a wide range of operating conditions of absorbed thermal energy (300–800W/m2) and air mass flow rate (0.009–0.026 kg/s). Comparison of DPR values obtained for natural and forced air circulations indicates a significant performance improvement of 94% at the minimum air flow rate of 0.009 kg/s. It is also found that there is sharp rise in DPR by 31% is observed when airflow is increased from 0.009 to 0.017 kg/s and thereafter a marginal increase of 4% can be noticed for air flow enhancement of ∼ 53%. Another important finding of present study relates to invariable DPR values obtained for a wide range of absorbed energy and ambient air temperature data irrespective of air circulation mode adopted for a dryer.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126920779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-29DOI: 10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114251
Subodh Kumar, Shobhana Singh
In present experimental investigation, a modest attempt is made to study the influence of load density and size of food product on drying efficiency of solar dryer. In order to achieve this objective, the laboratory model of mixed-mode solar dryer is fabricated and tested under indoor simulated conditions. Experiments have been performed on dryer with cylindrical potato samples of different thicknesses (5, 8 10 and 18 mm) and loading density (1.08, 2.16, 3.24 and 4.33 kg/m2 of food sample tray area) under forced air circulation. The air mass flow through dryer system is kept constant at 0.011 kg/s (1.3 m/s). Experimental variation of food product moisture content with drying time data have been plotted and analyzed for a wide range of product size and loading density. Results of experimental investigation reveal that the load density and food product size have significant effect on drying efficiency. It is also found that load density has an increasing influence on efficiency whereas the opposite trend is observed for food product size. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that both the variables are equally sensitive to overall efficiency of the dryer.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of forced convection mixed-mode solar dryer: Experimental investigation","authors":"Subodh Kumar, Shobhana Singh","doi":"10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCST19361.2011.6114251","url":null,"abstract":"In present experimental investigation, a modest attempt is made to study the influence of load density and size of food product on drying efficiency of solar dryer. In order to achieve this objective, the laboratory model of mixed-mode solar dryer is fabricated and tested under indoor simulated conditions. Experiments have been performed on dryer with cylindrical potato samples of different thicknesses (5, 8 10 and 18 mm) and loading density (1.08, 2.16, 3.24 and 4.33 kg/m2 of food sample tray area) under forced air circulation. The air mass flow through dryer system is kept constant at 0.011 kg/s (1.3 m/s). Experimental variation of food product moisture content with drying time data have been plotted and analyzed for a wide range of product size and loading density. Results of experimental investigation reveal that the load density and food product size have significant effect on drying efficiency. It is also found that load density has an increasing influence on efficiency whereas the opposite trend is observed for food product size. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that both the variables are equally sensitive to overall efficiency of the dryer.","PeriodicalId":184093,"journal":{"name":"2011 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST)","volume":"710 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129870777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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