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Partial Discharge in Mass-Impregnated, Lapped PPLP Cables 大量浸渍、搭接的PPLP电缆的局部放电
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481074
M. Praeger, Zhiqiang Xu, P. Lewin, George Chen
The work presented here tackles three key objectives: Firstly, a method of producing realistic models of lapped HVDC cables is devised and implemented. Secondly, the properties of poly propylene laminated paper (PPLP) as used in mass impregnated (MI), HVDC cables are investigated. Finally, partial discharge (PD) measurements are made under DC conditions in order to assess the suitability of this method for online condition monitoring of HVDC assets. In-house fabrication of model HVDC cables makes it possible to deliberately insert defects into the samples during manufacture. The PD behavior of mass impregnated samples is thereby compared with dry lapped ones and it is shown that dry samples (or dry regions within a cable) exhibit higher rates of PD but with decreased average PD charge. In addition, DC PD is measured for specimens that are subjected to bending. In this study no clear change in DC PD is observed due to bending (even up to the point of failure due to breakdown). Dissection of a sample that has broken down reveals the extensive damage caused by the bending. It is concluded that DC PD tests are relatively insensitive to cable bending defects and that fluid impregnant may further mask these. DC PD is, however, quite sensitive to incomplete impregnation and may be well suited to continuous monitoring where large data sets are available.
本文提出了三个关键目标:首先,设计并实现了一种生成搭接高压直流电缆真实模型的方法。其次,研究了聚丙烯复合纸(PPLP)在大浸渍(MI)高压直流电缆中的性能。最后,对直流条件下的局部放电(PD)进行了测量,以评估该方法在高压直流资产在线状态监测中的适用性。内部制造模型HVDC电缆可以在制造过程中故意将缺陷插入样品中。因此,将质量浸渍样品的PD行为与干研磨样品进行比较,结果表明,干样品(或电缆内的干区域)表现出更高的PD率,但平均PD电荷降低。此外,直流PD测量试样受到弯曲。在这项研究中,没有观察到DC PD因弯曲而发生明显变化(即使达到击穿导致的失效点)。对破碎的样品进行解剖,发现弯曲造成了大面积的破坏。得出的结论是,直流PD测试对电缆弯曲缺陷相对不敏感,流体浸渍可能会进一步掩盖这些缺陷。然而,直流PD对不完全浸渍非常敏感,可能非常适合于有大量数据集的连续监测。
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引用次数: 1
The Impact of Test Voltage Waveform in Determining the Repetitive Partial Discharge Inception Voltage of Type I Turn/Turn Insulation Used in Inverter-Fed Induction Motors 试验电压波形对确定变频感应电动机用I型匝/匝绝缘重复局部放电起始电压的影响
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481018
L. Lusuardi, A. Cavallini, A. Caprara, F. Bardelli, A. Cattazzo
The reliability of induction motors stators realized using Type I insulation systems is ensured only when the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) is larger than the operating voltage. The concept of Repetitive PDIV (RPDIV) has been proposed as a replacement of PDIV for tests performed under surges or repetitive square waves. RPDIV estimates exceed the PDIV level. The difference might depend on the surge repetition frequency, possibly providing contradicting results using different high voltage sources. Thus, the industry is concerned about the use of RPDIV in place of PDIV and the possible implications for the quality of the stators. Also, little has been discussed about the randomness of measurements and how to treat data using appropriate statistical tools. In this paper, we shall show results of PDIV and RPDIV tests performed on twisted pairs subjected to AC sinusoidal voltages, surges from a commercial surge generator, and unipolar square waves from a high voltage MOSFET. Tests are performed on ten twisted pairs to derive the distribution of RPDIV estimates and compare the differences using statistical tools. Different types of wire are considered to carry out a comparative analysis.
采用I型绝缘系统实现的异步电动机定子只有在局部放电起始电压(PDIV)大于工作电压时才能保证其可靠性。重复PDIV (RPDIV)的概念已被提出,作为在浪涌或重复方波下进行的测试的PDIV的替代品。RPDIV估计超过了PDIV水平。差异可能取决于浪涌重复频率,可能使用不同的高压源提供矛盾的结果。因此,业界对使用RPDIV代替PDIV以及对定子质量可能产生的影响表示关注。此外,关于测量的随机性以及如何使用适当的统计工具处理数据的讨论很少。在本文中,我们将展示在交流正弦电压、商用浪涌发生器的浪涌和高压MOSFET的单极方波下对双绞线进行的PDIV和RPDIV测试的结果。对10对双绞线进行测试,得出RPDIV估计的分布,并使用统计工具比较差异。考虑不同类型的线材进行对比分析。
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引用次数: 13
About the Definition of PDIV and RPDIV in Designing Insulation Systems for Rotating Machines Controlled by Inverters 逆变控制旋转机械绝缘设计中PDIV和RPDIV的定义
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481069
G. Montanari, P. Seri
The partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) and the repetitive partial discharge inception voltage (RPDIV) are key parameters for the characterization of the insulation system of rotating machines fed by power converters. In particular, these quantities have a fundamental role in the design and qualification of Type I insulation which has to last all life without partial discharges (PD). This paper analyzes the two definitions, taken from the IEC 60034-18-41 and IEC 60034-18-42 standards, and shows potential discrepancies which can affect significantly insulation system design, especially going from two-level inverter to sinusoidal waveforms.
局部放电起始电压(PDIV)和重复局部放电起始电压(RPDIV)是表征功率变换器供电旋转电机绝缘系统的关键参数。特别是,这些数量在I型绝缘的设计和鉴定中具有基本作用,该类绝缘必须持续所有寿命而不发生局部放电(PD)。本文分析了来自IEC 60034-18-41和IEC 60034-18-42标准的两个定义,并指出了可能影响绝缘系统设计的潜在差异,特别是从双电平逆变器到正弦波形。
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引用次数: 10
Analysis of Accelerated Multi-Factor Aging Tests on the Winding Insulation System of Generator Stator Bars Used in Large Rotating Machines 大型旋转机械发电机定子棒绕组绝缘系统多因素加速老化试验分析
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481029
A. Cimino, C. Staubach, F. Jenau
This work examines the effect of thermal, electrical and mechanical stress on the electrical insulation system of generator bars. For this purpose, test bars are aging simultaneously and subjected to stress until the insulation fails. The acceleration is achieved by increasing the mechanical stress. In order to detect possible damage, dissipation factor as well as partial discharge measurements are performed. Furthermore modal analysis is used to identify the appearance of defects. The results are set in context to previous studies to analyze multifactor aging mechanisms in highly stressed electrical insulation systems used in rotating machines. This enables further investigation on the aging process regarding lifetime estimation.
这项工作考察了热、电和机械应力对发电机棒的电绝缘系统的影响。为此,测试杆同时老化并承受应力,直到绝缘失效。加速是通过增加机械应力来实现的。为了检测可能的损坏,进行了耗散系数和局部放电测量。此外,利用模态分析来识别缺陷的外观。结果是在背景下设定的先前的研究,分析多因素老化机制的高应力电绝缘系统中使用的旋转机械。这使得进一步研究寿命估计方面的老化过程成为可能。
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引用次数: 5
Power Transformer Abnormal State Recognition Model Based on Improved K-Means Clustering 基于改进k均值聚类的电力变压器异常状态识别模型
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481060
Xuanhong Liang, Youyuan Wang, Houying Li, Yigang He, Yushun Zhao
At present, most of the data of the running transformers are normal state data. In order to utilize the historical normal state data to identify efficiently whether the new data are abnormal, a power transformer abnormal state quick recognition model based on improved K-means clustering, is proposed in this paper. To solve the problems of traditional K-means clustering, an improvement about choosing K value and initial cluster center based on data density and distance is proposed. The improvement can make K-means clustering get stable cluster centers and K value to greatly decrease the times of iterations and make the process of clustering quicker, more stable and efficient. Most of the power transformer data are normal state data. And the normal state data gradually change according to a certain trend while the abnormal state data change rapidly. Based on the historical normal data and improved K-means clustering, a quick recognition model for power transformer is established. According to the clustering results of normal data, thresholds can be calculated to identify new data. The example analysis shows that the improved algorithm can effectively identify the abnormal state of the power transformer quickly and accurately.
目前,变压器运行数据大多为正常状态数据。为了利用历史正常状态数据有效识别新数据是否异常,本文提出了一种基于改进k均值聚类的电力变压器异常状态快速识别模型。针对传统K均值聚类存在的问题,提出了一种基于数据密度和距离选择K值和初始聚类中心的改进方法。这种改进可以使K-means聚类得到稳定的聚类中心和K值,从而大大减少了迭代次数,使聚类过程更快、更稳定、更高效。大多数电力变压器的数据都是正常状态数据。正常状态数据按一定趋势逐渐变化,异常状态数据变化迅速。基于历史正态数据和改进的k均值聚类,建立了电力变压器的快速识别模型。根据正常数据的聚类结果,计算阈值来识别新数据。算例分析表明,改进后的算法能够快速准确地有效识别电力变压器的异常状态。
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引用次数: 6
Characteristic Analysis of AC Nozzle Arcs in CO2 CO2中交流喷嘴电弧特性分析
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481086
Xiaoling Zhao, Dongxian Tan, Su Zhao, D. Xiao, Yizhou Wu, Ruishuang Zhong
Previous work shows that the interruption capability of a gas not only depends on the its material properties but also on the flow field because turbulence plays an important role in the interruption process. Recent experimental results on maximum interruptible di/dt in a model circuit breaker show that the interruption capability of CO2is about 60% that of pure SF6. A computational study of the interruption process in the above model circuit breaker with CO2as the working gas has been carried out to affirm the experimental interruption capability of CO2. Through detailed analysis of the results mechanisms responsible for the difference in the interruption capabilities of the two gases are identified and the performance dependence on material properties discussed. The suitability of turbulence coefficient is also discussed.
以往的研究表明,气体的中断能力不仅取决于其材料性质,还取决于流场,因为湍流在中断过程中起着重要作用。最近对模型断路器的最大可中断di/dt的实验结果表明,co2的中断能力约为纯SF6的60%。对上述模型断路器以CO2为工作气体时的中断过程进行了计算研究,以验证CO2的实验中断能力。通过对结果的详细分析,确定了两种气体中断能力差异的机理,并讨论了性能对材料性能的依赖关系。讨论了湍流系数的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of the Electrical Ageing Under Sinusoidal and Square-Wave Stresses 正弦波和方波应力下电老化的比较
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481024
R. Acheen, C. Abadie, T. Lebey, T. Billard, Sténhane Duchesne
The problematics of ageing in the Electrical Insulation Systems (EIS), especially in machines fed by adjustable speed drives, have been studied in numerous scientific publications, and even more with the introduction of wide-band gaps materials such as SiC. These fast-switching components induce over-voltages, which allow partial discharges to incept and lead to an erosion of the insulation materials. Various ageing mechanisms exist and depend on multiple parameters, but the influence of voltage slope, and therefore rise time, is a controversial subject which could require some further examination. Thus, it may be interesting to determine if these parameters have a direct impact on the ageing of EIS or if they only contribute to it indirectly, while their own effect would be less significant. To clarify this point, accelerated tests were performed and aimed at the comparison between the ageing of samples supplied by sinusoidal and square-wave stresses. The amplitude and frequency of the signals were the same, with a duty cycle of 50% in order to study the influence of the voltage slope only. Several levels of stress and frequencies were selected for the analysis and with additional purpose of reduction of tests duration. Lifetimes of samples were recorded to determine if there were any differences and to what extent.
电气绝缘系统(EIS)中的老化问题,特别是在由可调速驱动器驱动的机器中,已经在许多科学出版物中进行了研究,随着诸如SiC之类的宽带隙材料的引入,甚至更多。这些快速开关元件诱导过电压,这允许部分放电开始并导致绝缘材料的侵蚀。存在各种老化机制,并依赖于多个参数,但电压斜率的影响,因此上升时间,是一个有争议的主题,可能需要进一步的研究。因此,确定这些参数是否对环境影响信息系统的老化有直接影响,或者它们是否只是间接地起作用,而它们自己的影响则不那么显著,这可能是有趣的。为了澄清这一点,进行了加速试验,目的是比较正弦波和方波应力提供的样品的老化。信号的幅值和频率相同,占空比为50%,仅研究电压斜率的影响。选择了几个应力水平和频率进行分析,并附带减少测试持续时间的目的。记录样品的寿命以确定是否存在差异以及差异的程度。
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引用次数: 5
Effect of the ß-Crystal Formation on Electrical Properties in Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer ß-晶体形成对丙烯-乙烯共聚物电性能的影响
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481064
W. Zhang, Man Xu, Kaiwen Huang, Q. Mu, George Chen
In this paper, the ß nucleating agent, N, N’-dicyclohexyl-2, 6-naphthalenedicarboxamide (TMB-5), and propylene-ethylene copolymer (PEC) was melting blended to create the ß-crystal in PEe. The content of ß nucleating agent is from 0.1 to 0.3 wt%. The crystal form, crystallinity were characterized by wide angel X-ray diffractometer, differential scanning calorimeter. The thermal stimulated current test, space charge test and DC electrical breakdown test at room temperature and 90 □ were conducted to characterize the electrical properties of these samples. The experimental results show that the TMB-5 could form ß-crystal and more content of TMB-5 more ß-crystal in PEC. At room temperature and 90□, the DC electrical breakdown strength of 0.1 wt% content 13-nucleated PEC increased 17 % and 14 % higher than pure PEC. And there was no obvious space charge accumulated in pure PEC and PEC containing TMB-5.
本文将ß成核剂N, N ' -二环己基- 2,6 -萘二甲酰胺(TMB-5)与丙烯-乙烯共聚物(PEC)熔融共混,在PEe中生成ß-晶体。成核剂的含量为0.1 ~ 0.3 wt%。用广角x射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪对其晶体形态、结晶度进行了表征。通过热激电流测试、空间电荷测试和室温和90℃直流击穿测试来表征样品的电学性能。实验结果表明,TMB-5能在PEC中形成ß-晶体,且TMB-5的含量越多,ß-晶体含量越高。在室温和90℃下,掺量为0.1 wt%的13核PEC的直流击穿强度分别比纯PEC高17%和14%。纯PEC和含TMB-5的PEC没有明显的空间电荷积累。
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引用次数: 1
A Novel Condition Assessment Method Based on Dissolved Gas in Transformer Oil 基于变压器油中溶解气体的状态评估新方法
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481079
Chunlei Ma, Rongbin Xie, Lijuan Zhang, Hang Liu, Youyuan Wang, Xuanhong Liang
In this paper, a condition assessment method based on data driven for power transformer is proposed. Collecting the historical data of dissolved gas content from the same type transformers, the probability density function and cumulative distribution function based on two-parameter Weibull model is established to acquire the distribution law for each gas. The distribution probability between different condition levels is counted to calculate condition threshold by inverse cumulative distribution function, and the condition membership functions based on condition threshold are established. According to the historical data, important weight of each gas is quantified by entropy weight method. Finally, the weighted method is applied to calculate the confidence probability of all the condition levels after obtaining the monitoring data of gas content, and the condition of transformers is determined. The application example shows that the method is data driven without any subjective factor, which assures the accuracy of the results.
提出了一种基于数据驱动的电力变压器状态评估方法。收集同类型变压器溶解气体含量的历史数据,建立基于双参数威布尔模型的概率密度函数和累积分布函数,得到各气体的分布规律。计算不同条件层次之间的分布概率,利用逆累积分布函数计算条件阈值,建立基于条件阈值的条件隶属函数。根据历史数据,采用熵权法对各气体的重要权重进行量化。最后,在获得含气量监测数据后,应用加权法计算各工况水平的置信概率,确定变压器的工况。应用实例表明,该方法是数据驱动的,不受任何主观因素的影响,保证了结果的准确性。
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引用次数: 4
Transformers Fleet Management Through the use of an Advanced Health Index 通过使用高级健康指数来管理变形金刚车队
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481030
F. Scatiggio, M. Pompili, Luigi Calacara
Power transformers represent the highest value of the equipment installed in transmission substations, comprising up the 60% of the total investment. They are expected to operate for several decades without faults and possibly without relevant unscheduled maintenance practice. The new approach is developed for reducing time based maintenance and, increasing condition based maintenance and to introduce predictive maintenance as well. The aim of predictive maintenance is first to predict when transformer failure might occur, and secondly, to prevent occurrence of the failure by performing maintenance. Diagnostic information can be evaluated individually or better by a complex algorithm which merges all the single inputs and their Rate of Increase (RoI) creating a mono-dimensional figure called Health Index (HI). This concept represents a real ‘shifting of paradigm’, as it deeply affects the criteria for transformers grid management and selection of the electrical utilities and grid companies.
电力变压器是变电站设备中价值最高的设备,占总投资的60%。它们预计将运行几十年而不会出现故障,也可能没有相关的计划外维护实践。新方法的开发是为了减少基于时间的维护,增加基于状态的维护,并引入预测性维护。预测性维护的目的首先是预测变压器何时可能发生故障,其次是通过维护来防止故障的发生。诊断信息可以单独评估,也可以通过一个复杂的算法更好地评估,该算法将所有单一输入及其增长率(RoI)合并在一起,创建一个称为健康指数(HI)的单维图。这一概念代表了真正的“范式转变”,因为它深刻地影响了变压器电网管理和电力公用事业和电网公司选择的标准。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
2018 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC)
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