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2018 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC)最新文献

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Development Process of Vibration Sparking Erosion on Stator Bars 定子棒材振动火花腐蚀的发展过程
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481114
Hugh Zhu
Vibration sparking can cause serious erosion and deterioration of the stator bar insulation. A circuit model of the semi-conductive layer of a stator bar is proposed to describe the parameters of VS generation and the distribution of the parasitic current along the semi-conductive layer. A simulated VS system was set up to generate VS activity. This paper investigated the development process of and deterioration levels of VS erosion on the bar surface with aging time and the factors influencing VS erosion. The results show that there were three stages in the VS development process with different sparking intensities at each stage. The resistivity of the semi-conductive layer greatly increased after VS erosion. It was found that high energy from VS can result in decomposition of the semi-conductive material and lead to damage of the groundwall insulation.
振动火花会造成定子棒绝缘的严重侵蚀和劣化。建立了定子棒半导电层的电路模型,描述了产生VS的参数和寄生电流沿半导电层的分布。建立了一个模拟的VS系统来生成VS活动。研究了棒材表面VS侵蚀随时效时间的发展过程和恶化程度,以及影响VS侵蚀的因素。结果表明:VS的发展过程分为三个阶段,每个阶段的火花强度不同;经VS侵蚀后,半导电层的电阻率大大提高。研究发现,来自VS的高能量会导致半导体材料的分解,并导致地壁绝缘的破坏。
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引用次数: 0
Under Load Tap Changer Diagnostics Based on Transformer DGA and DC Resistance Tests 基于变压器DGA和直流电阻测试的负载下分接开关诊断
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481090
A. Jahromi, Mohsen Hosseinkhanloo, Laurent Lamare
Under load tap changers (ULTC) have the most share of defects in transformers causing enormous expenses to utilities. ULTCs have been a weak part of any transformer as they deteriorate over time due to mechanical problems or contact wear from repeated operations. Erosion of the contacts over time is expected due to the nature of their function. Coking of the contacts causes overheating, which can cause thermal runaway. Diagnostics of ULTC is a key for any utility. The goal of diagnostics is to provide equipment owners with a ranking that prioritizes maintenance activities. This goes beyond the simple good/bad distinction, to provide some grading to permit different management options. Historically, DGAs in ULTCs have been considered rather insignificant due to the large amount of gases normally generated by the arcs. This has however been reconsidered the recent years and the opinion today is that quite a lot of information is gained by DGAs of ULTC oils. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) has been proven to provide relevant information about transformer and tap changer health or faults. On the other hand, winding DC resistance measurement can be a complementary method for identification of defective connections triggered by DGA detected fault. In this paper, the DGA analysis is employed to analyze the gases generated in the transformer tank by a possible fault at selector switch tap. Diagnostics performed using both DGA and DC winding resistance tests for a 30MVA 63/20kV three-phase transformer with an in-tank ULTC. The results showed that combination of DGA and DC winding resistance is a simple and effective diagnostic technique to detect coking and carbonized contacts of the ULTC tap selector contacts. Trending of transformer tank DGA data and DC winding resistance proved to be reliable to trigger internal inspection, overhaul and repair of ULTC tap selector.
有载分接开关是变压器中缺陷最多的一种,给电力公司造成了巨大的损失。由于机械问题或重复操作造成的接触磨损,ultc一直是任何变压器的薄弱部分,因为它们会随着时间的推移而恶化。由于触点的功能性质,预计随着时间的推移会发生腐蚀。触点的结焦会导致过热,从而导致热失控。ULTC的诊断是任何实用程序的关键。诊断的目标是为设备所有者提供维护活动的优先级排序。这超越了简单的好/坏区分,提供了一些分级,以允许不同的管理选择。从历史上看,由于电弧通常会产生大量的气体,因此在超热流中的DGAs被认为是相当微不足道的。然而,近年来人们重新考虑了这一点,今天的观点是,相当多的信息是通过ULTC油的DGAs获得的。溶解气体分析(DGA)已被证明可以提供变压器和分接开关健康或故障的相关信息。另一方面,绕组直流电阻测量可以作为DGA检测故障触发的不良连接识别的补充方法。本文采用DGA分析方法,分析了选择开关分接可能发生故障时,变压器油箱内产生的气体。使用DGA和直流绕组电阻测试对30MVA 63/20kV三相变压器进行诊断,该变压器带有油箱内ULTC。结果表明,DGA和直流绕组电阻相结合是检测ULTC抽头选择触点焦化和碳化的一种简单有效的诊断方法。变压器油箱DGA数据和直流绕组电阻的变化趋势是可靠的,可以触发ULTC抽头选择器的内部检查、大修。
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引用次数: 3
Experimental validation of a moisture sensor for cellulosic insulation of power transformers 电力变压器纤维绝缘湿度传感器的实验验证
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8480887
A. Céspedes, D. García, B. García
Power transformers comprise one of the most important assets in the power systems. Damage in a power transformer can lead to a collapse in the electrical transmission network, disturbing a big number of users. The cellulosic insulation plays a key role in the life of power transformer. Several studies have demonstrated that high levels of moisture in the cellulosic insulation increase its rate of ageing limiting the power transformer's life expectancy. In this work, the experimental validation of a sensor aimed at determining the moisture content of cellulosic insulation is presented. The working principle of the sensor is based in the use of the Frequency Dielectric Spectroscopy method (FDS) to relate the main dielectric characteristics of the sensor and those of the transformer solid insulation. The validation presented in this work considers different temperatures and moisture contents under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions. Additionally, the experimental dielectric curves of the sensor are compared with simulation data obtained by means of a finite-element model that reproduces the applied experimental conditions, to validate the modeling process.
电力变压器是电力系统中最重要的设备之一。电力变压器的损坏会导致输电网络的崩溃,给大量用户带来困扰。纤维素绝缘对电力变压器的使用寿命起着至关重要的作用。几项研究表明,纤维素绝缘中的高水平水分增加了其老化速度,限制了电力变压器的预期寿命。在这项工作中,实验验证的传感器旨在确定纤维素绝缘的水分含量提出。该传感器的工作原理是基于使用频率介电光谱法(FDS)将传感器的主要介电特性与变压器固体绝缘的介电特性联系起来。在这项工作中提出的验证考虑了平衡和非平衡条件下不同的温度和水分含量。此外,将传感器的实验介电曲线与模拟数据进行了比较,通过有限元模型再现了应用的实验条件,验证了建模过程。
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引用次数: 0
Failure Mode Assessment of the Generator Stress Grading System 发电机应力分级系统的失效模式评估
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481040
C. Staubach, T. Hildinger
In this paper different kinds of electrical driven failure modes in the end-winding region, are discussed and classified. Failure types related to the stress grading system are analyzed via numerical simulation models and root causes are given for the different defects based on the calculation results. Typical pictures of various findings are presented and explained. In a last step possible diagnostic measurements to identify issues related to the stress grading are discussed and some PD-pattern are presented exemplarily. The aim of this work is to give the basis to correlate findings in the end-winding and especially the highly stressed stress grading area with their most likely cause of defect.
本文对端面绕组区电驱动的各种失效模式进行了讨论和分类。通过数值模拟模型分析了与应力分级系统相关的失效类型,并根据计算结果给出了不同缺陷的根本原因。介绍并解释了各种发现的典型图片。在最后一步中,讨论了可能的诊断测量方法,以确定与应力分级有关的问题,并举例介绍了一些pd模式。这项工作的目的是为将端部绕组,特别是高应力应力分级区域的发现与其最可能的缺陷原因联系起来提供基础。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of Multiple-Layer End-Turn Stress Grading System for High Voltage Turbogenerators 高压汽轮发电机多层转末应力分级系统的优化
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481110
T. Umemoto, Yasutomo Otake, M. Yoshimura, Takashi Nada, Ryoji Miyatake
SiC-based nonlinear resistive material has been used for end-turn stress grading (SG) of turbogenerators over decades. In order to reduce power dissipations and avoid thermal breakdown of the SG material, high-voltage class generators adopt multiple-layer SG system, at which two SG materials with different nonlinear resistivity are used. With increasing capacity and efficiency of the apparatus, electrical, and especially thermal stresses at the system may become problematic, hence higher reliable SG system is required. For suppressing the local heating effectively, an optimization method of the multiple-layer system was investigated, where a new combination of the two SG materials was proposed and length of the SG layer in the longitudinal direction along a coil was optimized by using analytical approximations of the power dissipation. The optimized SG system showed 20% lower power dissipation and also 15% higher flashover voltage than those of the conventional one. Consequently, the effectiveness of the optimization method proposed was successfully confirmed.
硅基非线性电阻材料用于汽轮发电机组转端应力分级已有几十年的历史。高压级发电机采用多层SG系统,为降低功耗,避免SG材料的热击穿,采用两种不同非线性电阻率的SG材料。随着设备容量和效率的提高,系统的电应力,特别是热应力可能会成为问题,因此需要更高可靠性的SG系统。为了有效地抑制局部加热,研究了一种多层系统的优化方法,提出了一种新的两种SG材料组合,并利用解析近似的功耗优化了SG层沿线圈纵向的长度。优化后的SG系统比传统的SG系统功耗降低20%,闪络电压提高15%。验证了所提优化方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Geometrical Techniques for Electric Field Control in (Ultra) Wide Bandgap Power Electronics Modules 超宽带隙电力电子模块中电场控制的几何技术
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481085
Mona Ghessemi
Regarding the outstanding properties, commercial availability of starting material, and maturity of the technological processes, silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) with a relatively large bandgap of 3.3 eV and 3.4 eV, respectively are the more promising semiconductor materials known as wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors. WBG semiconductors which are expected to have better efficiency, higher temperature tolerance, and higher voltage blocking capability than their silicon (Si) counterparts having a bandgap of 1.1 eV are changing the landscape of power electronics industry. Moreover, a new class of semiconductor materials so-called ultrawide-bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors with bandgaps higher than that of GaN including diamond (C), gallium oxide (Ga2O3), and aluminum nitride (AIN) currently investigated will be generation-after-next power electronics. However new packaging technologies are needed to realize the mentioned superior system performance with WBG and UWBG devices. Among various factors needed to be addressed for high-density packaging designs of high voltage WBG and UWBG devices, the high electric fields, especially at the edges of the substrate metallization, can lead to unacceptable levels of partial discharges in the silicone gel commonly used as encapsulations. In this paper, geometrical techniques for electric field control inside (U)WBG power electronics modules are studied by finite element method models (FEM) developed in COMSOL Multiphysics.
从优异的性能、起始材料的商业可用性和工艺的成熟度来看,碳化硅(SiC)和氮化镓(GaN)分别具有3.3 eV和3.4 eV的相对较大的带隙,是更有前途的半导体材料,被称为宽带隙半导体(WBG)。与具有1.1 eV带隙的硅(Si)相比,WBG半导体有望具有更好的效率,更高的耐温性和更高的电压阻断能力,正在改变电力电子行业的格局。此外,目前正在研究的一种新型半导体材料称为超宽带隙(UWBG)半导体,其带隙高于GaN,包括金刚石(C),氧化镓(Ga2O3)和氮化铝(AIN),将成为下一代电力电子产品。然而,为了在WBG和UWBG器件上实现上述优越的系统性能,需要新的封装技术。在高压WBG和UWBG器件的高密度封装设计中需要解决的各种因素中,高电场,特别是在基板金属化边缘,可能导致通常用作封装的硅凝胶出现不可接受的部分放电水平。本文利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件开发的有限元模型,研究了WBG电力电子模块内部电场控制的几何技术。
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引用次数: 28
Comparison of DC Ramp and Polarization and Depolarisation Tests on Hydrogenerators 水轮发电机直流斜坡、极化和去极化试验比较
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481087
C. Hudon, N. Amyot, S. Bernier, É. David, M. Essalihi
Hydro-Quebec has started carrying out Polarization and Depolarization Current measurements (PDC) more than 20 years ago. A Direct Current Ramp Test (DCRT) apparatus has also been built in house in the early 2000's and since 2012 systematic measurements with both tests are prescribed to be done every 6 years on every one of our 350 generators. An extensive comparison of both types of electric tests has been done to determine the influence of factors such as temperature and humidity, type of ground wall insulation and the nature of the stress grading coating on the measured current. The DCRT and PDC test procedures are such that they are not always giving the same diagnosis and sometimes this can easily be explained, but in some case more in depth analysis is required. A comparison of the results of both types of tests was done and the main features and limits are presented herein.
Hydro-Quebec早在20多年前就开始进行极化和去极化电流测量(PDC)。直流斜坡测试(DCRT)设备也在2000年初在内部建造,自2012年以来,我们的350台发电机每6年对这两项测试进行系统测量。对两种类型的电气测试进行了广泛的比较,以确定温度和湿度、地墙绝缘类型和应力分级涂层的性质等因素对测量电流的影响。DCRT和PDC的测试程序并不总是给出相同的诊断,有时这很容易解释,但在某些情况下,需要更深入的分析。对两种试验的结果进行了比较,介绍了两种试验的主要特点和局限性。
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引用次数: 3
Resin Rich High Voltage Coil Design Gram Density Optimization 富树脂高压线圈设计克密度优化
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481122
Joe V. Williams
One of the more challenging, and often misunderstood, design decisions in the manufacture of resin rich high voltage coils is selecting the proper ground wall build for the coil. How many layers of tape need to be applied to the coil for a given ground wall thickness? The selection of this proper build is critical to producing a coil that, after pressing, will have the proper ground wall density, and the proper ratio of glass, epoxy and mica, to assure maximum coil performance in the field as well as during the coil validation. This paper will explain how the proper gram density of a ground wall is determined, challenge some of the conventional wisdom, suggest target densities and acceptable ranges, and give examples for various resin rich mica tapes and design requirements. We will also explain how the volume of resin to mica and glass changes with these target densities.
在制造富含树脂的高压线圈时,一个更具挑战性且经常被误解的设计决策是为线圈选择适当的接地墙。对于给定的地壁厚度,需要在线圈上涂多少层胶带?选择合适的结构对于生产线圈至关重要,在压制后,线圈将具有适当的地壁密度,以及玻璃,环氧树脂和云母的适当比例,以确保线圈在现场以及线圈验证期间的最大性能。本文将解释如何确定地壁的适当克密度,挑战一些传统智慧,建议目标密度和可接受范围,并给出各种富树脂云母带和设计要求的示例。我们还将解释树脂到云母和玻璃的体积如何随这些目标密度而变化。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Study on the Decomposition Products of CF3I/N2Gas Mixtures CF3I/N2Gas混合物分解产物的实验研究
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481108
Su Zhao, Dongxian Tan, D. Xiao, Lili Zhu, Xiaoling Zhao, Ruishuang Zhong, Yizhou Wu
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has been limited to use because its high global warming potential (GWP). Iodotrifluoromethane (CF3I) is a potential alternative to SF6, which has advantages on environmental performance. But due to its instability, it may decompose during discharge process. The decomposition products may affect the insulating characteristics of Cf3I/N2. In this paper the decomposition products are detected include C2F6, C2F4, C3F8 and their quantities after 50, 100, 150 and 200 times of discharge in non-uniform electric field and analyzed the breakdown voltages after different times discharge. The decompositions of Cf3I/N2 can change the components of insulating gas and have the solid decomposition iodine. But the amount of decomposition will not be very large and it will not have a significant impact on the insulation properties after limited and transient discharges.
六氟化硫(SF6)由于其高全球变暖潜能值(GWP)而受到限制。碘三氟甲烷(CF3I)是SF6的潜在替代品,在环保性能上具有优势。但由于其不稳定性,在放电过程中容易发生分解。分解产物会影响Cf3I/N2的绝缘特性。本文检测了非均匀电场放电50次、100次、150次、200次后的分解产物C2F6、C2F4、C3F8及其数量,并分析了不同放电次数后的击穿电压。Cf3I/N2的分解可以改变绝缘气体的组分,产生固体分解碘。但在有限放电和瞬态放电后,分解量不会很大,不会对绝缘性能产生显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
Damage of Cable Insulation with Pinhole Defect Under the Acidic and Alkaline Environment 酸碱环境下带针孔缺陷的电缆绝缘损伤
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2018.8481136
Xuze Gao, M. Dong, M. Ren, K. Zhou, Wenguang Huang
The insulation of the power cable is the key factor to ensure the safety of the cable. Because it has good corrosion resistance, the crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cable is widely used in various situations of power transmission, however, in actual operation, the cable is subjected to some unfavorable factors such as soil pH, so the insulation performance of XLPE cable in different environments will be affected. Harsh environment, such as underwater power transmission, will accelerate the deterioration of cable insulation dielectric. In this paper, the onsite operation situation of the cable is simulated by setting different aging time and different pH value. The cable samples are accelerated aged by water needle method. The insulation deterioration degree of cable is measured by different detection methods, and the relationship between the deterioration degree of cable insulation and the environment is verified. The results show that the deterioration of cable insulation more serious in alkaline environment°
电力电缆的绝缘是保证电缆安全的关键因素。交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆由于具有良好的耐腐蚀性,被广泛应用于各种输电场合,但在实际运行中,电缆会受到土壤pH等一些不利因素的影响,因此交联聚乙烯电缆在不同环境下的绝缘性能会受到影响。恶劣的环境,如水下输电,会加速电缆绝缘介质的劣化。本文通过设置不同的老化时间和不同的pH值来模拟电缆的现场运行情况。采用水针法对电缆试样进行加速老化。通过不同的检测方法测量电缆的绝缘劣化程度,验证电缆绝缘劣化程度与环境的关系。结果表明,在碱性环境下电缆绝缘劣化更为严重
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2018 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC)
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