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A Heuristic Buffer Management Scheme on Android to Enhance Video Quality on Digital Handheld Devices 一种基于Android的启发式缓冲区管理方案以提高数字手持设备上的视频质量
Keyurkumar J. Patel, S. Anand, S. Kumar
Most research efforts have concentrated on advancement in video compression techniques resulting in DivX/Xvid codecs for better performance on handheld devices. Initial investigations reveal that these techniques are actually taking less time compared to entire execution time in a typical media playback system. However, it enlists that the buffer management methods employed in multimedia framework can significantly impact the overall end-to-end performance on these resource constrained devices. Motivated by these observations, we present a heuristic buffer management scheme to improve end-to-end performance for Android based devices. The outline of the paper is as follows: Firstly, we discuss few related works to investigate existing buffer management methods used within Packet Video Multimedia framework (PVMF) of Android. Secondly, we describe how buffering schemes used between processors in hardware platform can further contribute to the performance bottleneck. Consequently, a heuristic buffer management scheme is proposed to ensure uniform buffer allocation among PVMF components and between processor-coprocessor of the hardware platform. We point out the need for such a mechanism to synchronize media processing and media controlling elements to alleviate video quality in a constant time factor. To validate our approach, an experiment was performed using the said buffer management technique to playback Xvid content on Zoom2 hardware platform based on Android. We summarize the performance characteristics for the trial experiments conducted. Experimental results lead us to conclude the technique is effective at improving overall system performance significantly. We extend to benchmark the performance achieved to further characterize this method. Finally, we also evaluate the tradeoff between memory and performance using our method with combinations of measurements using our experimental setup.
大多数研究工作都集中在视频压缩技术的进步上,导致DivX/Xvid编解码器在手持设备上的性能更好。初步调查显示,与典型媒体播放系统中的整个执行时间相比,这些技术实际上花费的时间更少。然而,它表明多媒体框架中使用的缓冲区管理方法会显著影响这些资源受限设备上的整体端到端性能。基于这些观察,我们提出了一种启发式缓冲区管理方案,以提高基于Android的设备的端到端性能。本文的主要内容如下:首先,我们讨论了一些相关的工作,研究了Android包视频多媒体框架(Packet Video Multimedia framework, PVMF)中现有的缓冲区管理方法。其次,我们描述了硬件平台中处理器之间使用的缓冲方案如何进一步导致性能瓶颈。为此,提出了一种启发式缓冲区管理方案,以保证PVMF组件之间以及硬件平台处理器-协处理器之间的缓冲区分配均匀。我们指出需要这样一种机制来同步媒体处理和媒体控制元素,以在恒定的时间因素下缓解视频质量。为了验证我们的方法,在基于Android的Zoom2硬件平台上使用上述缓冲管理技术进行了Xvid内容回放实验。总结了所进行的试验的性能特点。实验结果表明,该技术可以有效地提高系统的整体性能。我们对所取得的性能进行了基准测试,以进一步表征该方法。最后,我们还使用我们的方法和使用我们的实验设置的测量组合来评估内存和性能之间的权衡。
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引用次数: 0
A Hierarchical Semantic Overlay System for Semantic Search and Service Matchmaking 面向语义搜索和服务匹配的分层语义覆盖系统
J. Strassner
The explosive growth of content makes it difficult for end-users to find data that they want. Keyword-based searches are brittle – they require the user to know the set of keywords that the system is using, and are ineffective for finding data based on meaning. This paper describes a new hierarchical overlay model that combines the best of structured Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems with semantic processing, enabling users to use keyword-based searches as well as meaning-based searches. This paper can also use the same architecture to support service matchmaking, enabling the user to find services to view or play discovered content.
内容的爆炸性增长使得最终用户很难找到他们想要的数据。基于关键字的搜索是脆弱的——它们要求用户知道系统正在使用的关键字集,并且对于基于含义查找数据是无效的。本文描述了一种新的分层覆盖模型,该模型结合了结构化点对点(P2P)系统和语义处理的优点,使用户能够使用基于关键字的搜索和基于意义的搜索。本文还可以使用相同的架构来支持服务匹配,使用户能够找到服务来查看或播放发现的内容。
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引用次数: 1
Media Share - An IPTV Service Development, Deployment and Delivery Platform 媒体共享——IPTV业务开发、部署和交付平台
Priyanka Angotra, A. Kuwadekar, K. Al-Begain
Internet Protocol (IP) TV delivers interactive personalized video content to a television through an IP connection. The standard IPTV connections provide Live TV streams and Video on Demand services. However both users and service providers are constantly fuelled by the need for newer services and applications. Service Providers will benefit from the revenue shares generated through service provision while end users will be exposed to a new set of services which will leverage their viewing experience. This paper describes a service delivery platform on both the client and the server side which allows developers to quickly develop services through the use of APIs and allows service providers to deploy services and deliver to the end users. This paper also describes a novel set top box that provides features based on open standards, leveraging the end user’s viewing and interactive television experience.
互联网协议(IP)电视通过IP连接向电视提供交互式个性化视频内容。标准的IPTV连接提供直播电视流和视频点播服务。然而,用户和服务提供商都不断受到更新服务和应用程序需求的推动。服务提供商将从服务提供产生的收入分成中受益,而终端用户将接触到一系列新的服务,这些服务将利用他们的观看体验。本文描述了一个客户端和服务器端的服务交付平台,该平台允许开发人员通过使用api快速开发服务,并允许服务提供者部署服务并交付给最终用户。本文还描述了一种新颖的机顶盒,它提供基于开放标准的特性,利用终端用户的观看和交互式电视体验。
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引用次数: 0
On Performance Anomaly in 802.11 Wireless LANs: Problem and Solution Approaches 802.11无线局域网性能异常:问题与解决方法
Murad A. Abusubaih
Despite being robust and efficient within a small Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), the CSMA/CA fails to satisfy the QoS requirements for many users in large networks due to a set of known shortcomings. For example, IEEE 802.11 WLANs present a MAC anomaly when users in the same Basic Service Set (BSS) employ different transmission rates. This paper addresses the performance anomaly in such a network. We show how this behavior influences the performance users experience under different application scenarios. Also, we point out to some concepts in order to overcome this undesired behavior. The work included in this paper is expected to trigger and initiate numerous approaches for the investigation of the presented concepts. The presented results are obtained through detailed simulation experiments conducted using the NCTUns Simulation package. Both FTP and VoIP traffic were used in the experiments.
尽管CSMA/CA在小型无线局域网(WLAN)中健壮且高效,但由于一系列已知的缺点,它无法满足大型网络中许多用户的QoS要求。例如,IEEE 802.11 wlan在同一基本服务集(BSS)中的用户使用不同的传输速率时,会出现MAC异常。本文讨论了这种网络中的性能异常。我们将展示这种行为如何影响用户在不同应用程序场景下的性能体验。此外,我们指出了一些概念,以克服这种不良行为。本文所包含的工作预计将触发和启动许多方法来调查所提出的概念。本文给出的结果是通过NCTUns仿真包进行详细的仿真实验得到的。实验中使用了FTP和VoIP流量。
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引用次数: 4
An Intelligent Scheme for First Run Cognitive Radios 首跑认知无线电的智能方案
A. Al-Dulaimi, L. Al-Saeed
Cognitive Radio (CR) can access the spectrum temporarily to solve the problem of the near spectrum crunch. The previous transmissions’ events are one of the main motivations for the CR actions and its learning procedures. Therefore, self aware CR devices may cause a considerable interference when they transmit for the first time with no practical knowledge. This paper proposes a solution for cognitive radios with no experiences for instance first run cognitive radios and CR devices repositioned in new wireless environments. A multi-layered learning system is designed using the neural networks to extract cognition from other operator secondary users. Thus, sensors data, other CR devices’ data, spectrum governing entities behaviour, in addition to any stored data in the CR are processed for decision comparisons. Final evaluations are based on the weight and significance given to each of these inputs. As a result, full autonomous mature cognitive users are created through understanding other cognitive radios experiments. Simulation was trained to assess the proposed learning model. Results show promising and efficient utilization using gradual learning rate algorithms with the designed system.
认知无线电(Cognitive Radio, CR)可以临时接入频谱,解决近频谱紧张的问题。前传事件是CR行为及其学习过程的主要动机之一。因此,在没有实际知识的情况下,有自我意识的CR器件在第一次发射时可能会产生相当大的干扰。本文提出了一种没有经验的认知无线电的解决方案,例如首次运行认知无线电和在新的无线环境中重新定位CR设备。利用神经网络设计了一个多层学习系统,从其他操作员辅助用户中提取认知。因此,除了CR中存储的任何数据外,传感器数据、其他CR设备的数据、频谱控制实体行为都被处理以进行决策比较。最后的评价是基于这些输入的权重和重要性。因此,通过了解其他认知无线电实验,可以创建完全自主的成熟认知用户。模拟训练来评估所提出的学习模型。结果表明,采用渐进式学习率算法对设计的系统进行了有效的利用。
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引用次数: 9
A Novel Scalable Architecture for Efficient QoS to Cater IMS Services for Handheld Devices Based on Android 基于Android手持设备的高效QoS可扩展架构
Keyurkumar J. Patel, S. Anand, S. Kumar
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) known for its prominent service delivery is paving way for applications like Video Voice over IP (VVOIP) on handheld devices too. Android, a software platform from Google, pioneering in middleware and applications domain of handheld devices does not offer support for IMS services by design. Motivated by these observations, we present novel scalable architecture to cater IMS based services on Android. First, we discuss few related works to investigate and analyze the IMS and the role of SIP in IMS services. Second, we discuss few characteristics of android architecture and detail constraints associated with middleware sub-system to cater IMS services. Consequently, we describe the proposed architecture addressing inherent challenges like QoS, Extendibility and Security encountered while offering IMS based services. The architectural framework design reduces time-to-deployment by using a layered approach encompassing three layers, namely: QoE Engine, Advanced IMS Service Core (A-IMS) and Application Services Engine (ASE). The A-IMS core is responsible to provide End-2-End efficient service delivery of IMS services like VOIP. We point out the benefits of using the ASE and generic media management and control interface (GMMCI) to ensure smooth and swift portability onto different flavors of android. Finally, we conclude by detailing some cases of future IMS services like Video Sharing/Video Recording in an on-going Video Telephony Call.
IP多媒体子系统(IMS)以其卓越的服务交付而闻名,也为手持设备上的IP视频语音(VVOIP)等应用铺平了道路。Android是Google的一个软件平台,在手持设备的中间件和应用程序领域处于领先地位,它从设计上就不提供对IMS服务的支持。受这些观察结果的启发,我们提出了一种新颖的可伸缩架构,以满足Android上基于IMS的服务。首先,我们讨论了一些研究和分析IMS以及SIP在IMS业务中的作用的相关工作。其次,我们讨论了android体系结构的一些特征,并详细讨论了与中间件子系统相关联的约束,以满足IMS服务。因此,我们描述了在提供基于IMS的服务时所遇到的固有挑战,如QoS、可扩展性和安全性。架构框架设计通过使用包含三层的分层方法减少了部署时间,即:QoE引擎、高级IMS服务核心(a -IMS)和应用程序服务引擎(ASE)。A-IMS核心负责提供VOIP等IMS业务的端到端高效业务交付。我们指出了使用ASE和通用媒体管理和控制接口(GMMCI)的好处,以确保在不同风格的android上平滑和快速地移植。最后,我们将详细介绍未来IMS服务的一些案例,例如正在进行的视频电话呼叫中的视频共享/视频录制。
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引用次数: 1
Scalable Video Transmission with Appropriate Path Selection and Raptor Network Coding 具有适当路径选择和Raptor网络编码的可扩展视频传输
Abdul Razzaq, A. Mehaoua
Providing reliable and high quality video over wireless networks is extremely challenging task due to unstable wireless nature. Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is very vulnerable to channel disturbance when transmitted over error-prone wireless channels. Conventional Forward Error Correcting (FEC) codes and retransmission solutions will become less effective while streaming SVC over wireless networks for the reason that video frame errors appear in bursts rather than random and the bad channel condition usually persists for a period of time. In this paper we investigate the problem of streaming video on lossy packet networks such as Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) with path and symbol diversity. We propose a scheme with Unequal Error Protection (UEP) based on Appropriate Path Selection (APS) and Network Coding (NC). The scheme tries to select appropriate path based on Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) for different SVC layers. It chooses the best path for most important layer, base layer, and less stable paths for enhancement layers. We also implement network re-encoding algorithm based on Raptor codes in the forwarding peers in order to increase the perceived video quality at receiving end.
由于无线特性的不稳定性,在无线网络上提供可靠和高质量的视频是一项极具挑战性的任务。可扩展视频编码(SVC)在易出错的无线信道上传输时,极易受到信道干扰的影响。传统的前向纠错(FEC)码和重传解决方案在无线网络上流式传输SVC时将变得不那么有效,因为视频帧错误出现在突发而不是随机的,并且恶劣的信道条件通常会持续一段时间。本文研究了具有路径分集和符号分集的无线Mesh网络(WMN)等有损分组网络中的视频流问题。提出了一种基于适当路径选择(APS)和网络编码(NC)的不等错误保护(UEP)方案。该方案尝试基于灰色关联分析(GRA)为不同的SVC层选择合适的路径。它为最重要层和基础层选择最佳路径,为增强层选择不太稳定的路径。为了提高接收端的感知视频质量,我们还在转发端实现了基于Raptor编码的网络重编码算法。
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引用次数: 2
An Efficient Handover Technique for 4G Networks 一种高效的4G网络切换技术
M. Alzubi, A. Amr, M. Anan
The IEEE802.21 protocol has provided a mechanism to perform a seamless handover within heterogeneous networks guaranteeing a higher level of mobility. In this paper, we discuss different characteristics and challenges facing 4G mobility. We propose an efficient user zoning handover technique based on the IEEE802.21 protocol. The proposed approach connects users to a preset network upon entering a zone. The process is guided by the MIIS server.
IEEE802.21协议提供了一种在异构网络中执行无缝切换的机制,保证了更高水平的移动性。在本文中,我们讨论了4G移动性面临的不同特征和挑战。提出了一种基于IEEE802.21协议的高效用户分区切换技术。提出的方法将用户在进入区域时连接到预设的网络。该过程由MIIS服务器指导。
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引用次数: 2
The Geobashing Architecture for Location-Based Mobile Massive Multiplayer Online Games 基于位置的移动大型多人在线游戏的Geobashing架构
Bernhard Dieber, Thomas Grassauer, Jakob Mayring, B. Rinner
The current trend towards more mobility will increasingly affect the gaming market over the next years. Location-based mobile massive multiplayer online games (MMMOG) will be a new paradigm in the gaming industry. Since building a game for a massive amount of mobile players is a challenging task, we have created a reusable architecture for location-aware mobile massive multiplayer online games. In this paper we describe our approach and present the Geobashing game, a location-based MMMOG implemented using our architecture. We evaluated our architecture to show its applicability.
未来几年,移动性的趋势将对游戏市场产生越来越大的影响。基于位置的移动大型多人在线游戏(MMMOG)将成为游戏行业的新范式。因为为大量的手机玩家创造一款游戏是一项具有挑战性的任务,所以我们创造了一个可重用的架构,用于位置感知的手机大型多人在线游戏。在本文中,我们描述了我们的方法并展示了Geobashing游戏,这是一款使用我们的架构实现的基于位置的MMMOG。我们评估了我们的体系结构以显示其适用性。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Study between 802.11p and Mobile WiMAX-based V2I Communication Networks 802.11p与基于移动wimax的V2I通信网络的比较研究
Ikbal Chammakhi Msadaa, Pasquale Cataldi, F. Filali
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have been under development since the 80’s as part of a global strategy for solving many of our modern life transportation problems. These systems enable people to reach their destinations in a safe, efficient, and comfortable way. In order to reach that goal, several radio access technologies (RAT) such as UMTS, WiFi, WiMAX and 5.9 GHz have been proposed for next generation ITS. Yet, the coexistence of these technologies in the vehicles raises the challenge of choosing the most appropriate RAT. In order to address this problem and define optimal rules for the communication technology selection, comparisons on the network performance have to be done. In this paper, we compare two of the most promising infrastructure-based wireless technologies: mobile WiMAX (based on IEEE 802.16e standard) and the 5.9 GHz technology based on the upcoming IEEE 802.11p standard. We investigate, through simulation, the potential and limitations of both technologies as a communication media for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. The performance of the two systems is evaluated for different vehicle speeds, traffic data rates, and network deployments.
智能交通系统(ITS)自80年代以来一直处于发展阶段,作为解决许多现代生活交通问题的全球战略的一部分。这些系统使人们能够以安全、高效、舒适的方式到达目的地。为了实现这一目标,已经为下一代ITS提出了几种无线电接入技术(RAT),如UMTS、WiFi、WiMAX和5.9 GHz。然而,这些技术在车辆中的共存提出了选择最合适的RAT的挑战。为了解决这一问题并确定通信技术选择的最佳规则,必须对网络性能进行比较。在本文中,我们比较了两种最有前途的基于基础设施的无线技术:移动WiMAX(基于IEEE 802.16e标准)和基于即将到来的IEEE 802.11p标准的5.9 GHz技术。通过模拟,我们研究了这两种技术作为车辆到基础设施(V2I)通信媒介的潜力和局限性。针对不同的车速、交通数据速率和网络部署,评估了这两个系统的性能。
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引用次数: 76
期刊
2010 Fourth International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies
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