Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3130
Liam Myles
Depression represents one of the most common psychological difficulties across the globe, with 21.2% of people receiving a diagnosis of major depressive disorder at some point in their lives (Auerbach et al., 2018). One of the core symptoms of depression, and psychological difficulties more generally, concerns the possession of negatively valanced thoughts (Frewen et al., 2008; Hjemdal et al., 2013; Johnstone & Dallos, 2013; Myles et al., 2020; Westbrook et al., 2011). In a recent paper in the Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology , Myles (2021) highlighted the critical importance of explicating the cognitive mechanisms underpinning psychological difficulties. This paper will discuss how the principles of associative learning can be used to account for the pervasiveness of negative thoughts in individuals with psychological difficulties.
抑郁症是全球最常见的心理障碍之一，21.2%的人在一生中的某个阶段被诊断为重度抑郁症(Auerbach et al.， 2018)。抑郁症的核心症状之一，以及更普遍的心理困难，与拥有负面价值的想法有关(Frewen et al.， 2008;Hjemdal et al.， 2013;约翰斯通和达洛斯，2013;Myles et al.， 2020;Westbrook et al.， 2011)。在《地中海临床心理学杂志》(Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology)最近发表的一篇论文中，迈尔斯(2021)强调了解释支撑心理困难的认知机制的重要性。本文将讨论如何使用联想学习的原则来解释心理困难个体中普遍存在的消极思想。
{"title":"Using Prediction Error to Account for the Pervasiveness of Mood Congruent Thoughts","authors":"Liam Myles","doi":"10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3130","url":null,"abstract":"Depression represents one of the most common psychological difficulties across the globe, with 21.2% of people receiving a diagnosis of major depressive disorder at some point in their lives (Auerbach et al., 2018). One of the core symptoms of depression, and psychological difficulties more generally, concerns the possession of negatively valanced thoughts (Frewen et al., 2008; Hjemdal et al., 2013; Johnstone & Dallos, 2013; Myles et al., 2020; Westbrook et al., 2011). In a recent paper in the Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology , Myles (2021) highlighted the critical importance of explicating the cognitive mechanisms underpinning psychological difficulties. This paper will discuss how the principles of associative learning can be used to account for the pervasiveness of negative thoughts in individuals with psychological difficulties.","PeriodicalId":18428,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41797575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/mjcp-3051
J. Ranieri, Federica Guerra, E. Cilli, Ilaria Caiazza, Nicholas Gentili, Barbara Ripani, Mariantonietta Canzio, Eleonora Coletti, Arianna Quassoni, Sabrina Niutta, Lavinia Colicchia, Silvia D'Alfonso, D. Giacomo
Background : The massive adoption of e-learning in academic education during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic may be beneficial to digitally skilled individuals, such as Generation Z (Gen Z) members. However, some studies have underscored its negative psychological impact on the mental health of the young adults. We aimed to examine the psychological impact of prolonged e-learning on emotional adaptation among undergraduate students. A secondary objective was to identify key components for preventive interventions targeted toward the academic community by investigating the buffering effect of e-leaning on the impact of negative life events experienced during the pandemic. Methods : The participants were 529 Italian undergraduate students aged 18–26 years. We administered measures of personality traits, anxiety symptoms, peritraumatic dissociation, stress, and affinity for e-learning. This study examined emotional adaptation among Gen Z members who were subjected to prolonged academic e-learning during the 2 nd COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. Results : Dysfunctional anxiety was not a major issue among our participants. This is indicative of the adoption of effective anxiety management skills during the pandemic. Nevertheless, the findings also underscored the vulnerability of the Gen Z population. Further, coronavirus anxiety significantly predicted mental health through the mediating effect of personality traits. Conclusions: Therefore, health care professionals should design and implement interventions and programmes that focus on coronavirus anxiety and psychological distress.
{"title":"Buffering effect of e-learning on Generation Z undergraduate students: A crosssectional study during the second COVID-19 lockdown in Italy","authors":"J. Ranieri, Federica Guerra, E. Cilli, Ilaria Caiazza, Nicholas Gentili, Barbara Ripani, Mariantonietta Canzio, Eleonora Coletti, Arianna Quassoni, Sabrina Niutta, Lavinia Colicchia, Silvia D'Alfonso, D. Giacomo","doi":"10.13129/2282-1619/mjcp-3051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13129/2282-1619/mjcp-3051","url":null,"abstract":"Background : The massive adoption of e-learning in academic education during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic may be beneficial to digitally skilled individuals, such as Generation Z (Gen Z) members. However, some studies have underscored its negative psychological impact on the mental health of the young adults. We aimed to examine the psychological impact of prolonged e-learning on emotional adaptation among undergraduate students. A secondary objective was to identify key components for preventive interventions targeted toward the academic community by investigating the buffering effect of e-leaning on the impact of negative life events experienced during the pandemic. Methods : The participants were 529 Italian undergraduate students aged 18–26 years. We administered measures of personality traits, anxiety symptoms, peritraumatic dissociation, stress, and affinity for e-learning. This study examined emotional adaptation among Gen Z members who were subjected to prolonged academic e-learning during the 2 nd COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. Results : Dysfunctional anxiety was not a major issue among our participants. This is indicative of the adoption of effective anxiety management skills during the pandemic. Nevertheless, the findings also underscored the vulnerability of the Gen Z population. Further, coronavirus anxiety significantly predicted mental health through the mediating effect of personality traits. \u0000Conclusions: Therefore, health care professionals should design and implement interventions and programmes that focus on coronavirus anxiety and psychological distress.","PeriodicalId":18428,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44655964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-2923
Paola Manfredi, Vera Pagani
Background: urinary incontinence (UI) is a disease that inevitably affects the quality of women's lives in many ways. In accordance with the analysis of the literature and the specific nature of the disorder, it is believed that two of the relevant factors for assessing the quality of life of these women are sexuality and psychological well-being. Methods: it proposes a pilot study on a sample of 97 Italian women attending an outpatient urology department to investigate sexuality in women with urinary incontinence. To better understand the way in which these women live their sexuality, this dimension was placed into relation with couple satisfaction, with depression and, for the first time, with alexithymia, trying to determine if there is any correlation between these different variables. Results: Sexuality plays an important role in women's lives, but in our study, it is a factor that seems a bit inconsistent. About the role of alexithymia, the sample does not differ from the population values, except for the third factor. Moreover, a high percentage seems to be aware of psychological problems, although more related to the past. Normally, couple happiness is expected to include a healthy sex life, but not so in this sample and regardless of age. Conclusions: The results of the study may suggest that beyond the common symptom, urinary incontinence, women present different characteristics and various psychological functioning, even in the presence of a widespread sexual difficulty. In order to better understand the complex nature of the interplay between these different variables it would be appropriate both to carry out a careful inquiry on the couple's sexuality before the onset of incontinence symptoms and to consider the subjectivity of the experiences of each individual patient during clinical assessment.
{"title":"Women with urinary incontinence: a look at a multi-faceted universe","authors":"Paola Manfredi, Vera Pagani","doi":"10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-2923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-2923","url":null,"abstract":"Background: urinary incontinence (UI) is a disease that inevitably affects the quality of women's lives in many ways. In accordance with the analysis of the literature and the specific nature of the disorder, it is believed that two of the relevant factors for assessing the quality of life of these women are sexuality and psychological well-being. Methods: it proposes a pilot study on a sample of 97 Italian women attending an outpatient urology department to investigate sexuality in women with urinary incontinence. To better understand the way in which these women live their sexuality, this dimension was placed into relation with couple satisfaction, with depression and, for the first time, with alexithymia, trying to determine if there is any correlation between these different variables. Results: Sexuality plays an important role in women's lives, but in our study, it is a factor that seems a bit inconsistent. About the role of alexithymia, the sample does not differ from the population values, except for the third factor. Moreover, a high percentage seems to be aware of psychological problems, although more related to the past. Normally, couple happiness is expected to include a healthy sex life, but not so in this sample and regardless of age. Conclusions: The results of the study may suggest that beyond the common symptom, urinary incontinence, women present different characteristics and various psychological functioning, even in the presence of a widespread sexual difficulty. In order to better understand the complex nature of the interplay between these different variables it would be appropriate both to carry out a careful inquiry on the couple's sexuality before the onset of incontinence symptoms and to consider the subjectivity of the experiences of each individual patient during clinical assessment.","PeriodicalId":18428,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43919854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3075
Fabio Frisone
Starting from its definition, the topic of addiction has revealed its epistemological framework. Addiction derives from the Latin addictus, a term used in ancient Rome to indicate a state of slavery (Oxford English Dictionary, 2008). This study aims to understand if those who use drugs or have a behavioral disorder such as gambling disorder (Clark et al., 2013; Frisone et al., 2020a, 2020b; Frisone, 2021) should be considered mainly as slaves.
{"title":"Why do we call it addiction? Epistemological reflections on the world of addiction","authors":"Fabio Frisone","doi":"10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3075","url":null,"abstract":"Starting from its definition, the topic of addiction has revealed its epistemological framework. Addiction derives from the Latin addictus, a term used in ancient Rome to indicate a state of slavery (Oxford English Dictionary, 2008). This study aims to understand if those who use drugs or have a behavioral disorder such as gambling disorder (Clark et al., 2013; Frisone et al., 2020a, 2020b; Frisone, 2021) should be considered mainly as slaves.","PeriodicalId":18428,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41420271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3072
G. Martino, A. Caputo, C. Vicario, U. Feldt-Rasmussen, T. Watt, R. Vita, M. Quattropani, S. Benvenga
The assessment of health-related quality of life (QoL) in chronic conditions is considered as relevant, especially in patients with hypothyroidism where a high comorbidity with depressive and anxiety issues is reported. The present cross-sectional pilot study aims at: i) examining the correlation of thyroid-specific and generic measures of QoL in patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT); ii) investigating the associations of generic and thyroid-specific measures of QoL with depression and anxiety in patients with HT; iii) comparing generic and thyroid-specific measures of QoL in patients with HT versus controls. Twenty-one patients with serologically and/or ultrasonographically verified HT and sixteen controls with non-toxic goiter or post-surgical hypothyroidism were recruited for this study. Generic and disease-specific QoL were assessed by Health Survey Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Thyroid Patient Reported Outcome (ThyPRO) questionnaires, respectively, whereas depression and anxiety were measured through Beck Depression Inventory-second edition (BDI-II) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) questionnaires, respectively. Findings showed that ThyPRO and SF-36 scores were associated with each other only regarding the mental health domain, and that such QoL measures were consistently associated with depression levels but not with anxiety. Besides, no statistically significant difference was found between patients with HT and controls with regard to generic and thyroid-specific QoL. The present study suggests that generic and disease-specific measures of QoL can sufficiently assess the mental functioning domain and capture depressive symptoms, but only thyroid-specific measures (such as ThyPRO) can provide an accurate examination of physical aspects of QoL and the overall disease impact in patients’ lives. Besides, some methodological limitations should be taken into account in both using generic and disease-specific instruments with regard to their tendency to underestimate possible anxiety problems.
{"title":"Interrelations between mental health, generic and thyroid-related quality of life in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis receiving levothyroxine replacement","authors":"G. Martino, A. Caputo, C. Vicario, U. Feldt-Rasmussen, T. Watt, R. Vita, M. Quattropani, S. Benvenga","doi":"10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3072","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of health-related quality of life (QoL) in chronic conditions is considered as relevant, especially in patients with hypothyroidism where a high comorbidity with depressive and anxiety issues is reported. The present cross-sectional pilot study aims at: i) examining the correlation of thyroid-specific and generic measures of QoL in patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT); ii) investigating the associations of generic and thyroid-specific measures of QoL with depression and anxiety in patients with HT; iii) comparing generic and thyroid-specific measures of QoL in patients with HT versus controls. Twenty-one patients with serologically and/or ultrasonographically verified HT and sixteen controls with non-toxic goiter or post-surgical hypothyroidism were recruited for this study. Generic and disease-specific QoL were assessed by Health Survey Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Thyroid Patient Reported Outcome (ThyPRO) questionnaires, respectively, whereas depression and anxiety were measured through Beck Depression Inventory-second edition (BDI-II) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) questionnaires, respectively. Findings showed that ThyPRO and SF-36 scores were associated with each other only regarding the mental health domain, and that such QoL measures were consistently associated with depression levels but not with anxiety. Besides, no statistically significant difference was found between patients with HT and controls with regard to generic and thyroid-specific QoL. The present study suggests that generic and disease-specific measures of QoL can sufficiently assess the mental functioning domain and capture depressive symptoms, but only thyroid-specific measures (such as ThyPRO) can provide an accurate examination of physical aspects of QoL and the overall disease impact in patients’ lives. Besides, some methodological limitations should be taken into account in both using generic and disease-specific instruments with regard to their tendency to underestimate possible anxiety problems.","PeriodicalId":18428,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47187432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3014
E. Perilli, S. Necozione, V. Bianchini, Matteo Perazzini, Marta Grassi, A. Américo, M. Muselli, S. Cobianchi, V. Cofini
Background: Beyond unambiguous advantages of mobile phones (MP), growing evidences document its problematic use and association with mental health issues. Unintentional injuries, such as road traffic or pedestrian accidents, result from dangerous use of the MP (DUMP). The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of DUMP and the addiction to MP in young while driving, cycling or walking (defined as DUMP) relating to some demographic and psychological factors. Methods: A cross-sectional prevalence study was carried out on a sample of 1130 Italian university students. The use and addiction to MP were studied with Italian version of the Mobile Phone Use Questionnaire (MPUQ) and Dependence test of MP (DTMP). The Cognitive Behavioral Assessment 2.0 (CBA 2.0) was used to investigate anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Results: Result statistics showed a continuous use of MP. One third of subjects showed MP addiction, associated to female and younger students. Two thirds showed risk of DUMP, associated to male and older. The obsessive-compulsive disorder was estimated only in a small fraction and significantly correlated with DTMP. Conclusions: Our study points out the importance that information and prevention campaigns targeting specific demographic subpopulations should be sought to raise young awareness for a safe use of MP.
{"title":"Mobile Phone Addiction and Mobile Phone Use in Dangerous Circumstances: Prevalence and Correlates in a Sample of Italian University Students","authors":"E. Perilli, S. Necozione, V. Bianchini, Matteo Perazzini, Marta Grassi, A. Américo, M. Muselli, S. Cobianchi, V. Cofini","doi":"10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Beyond unambiguous advantages of mobile phones (MP), growing evidences document its problematic use and association with mental health issues. Unintentional injuries, such as road traffic or pedestrian accidents, result from dangerous use of the MP (DUMP). The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of DUMP and the addiction to MP in young while driving, cycling or walking (defined as DUMP) relating to some demographic and psychological factors. Methods: A cross-sectional prevalence study was carried out on a sample of 1130 Italian university students. The use and addiction to MP were studied with Italian version of the Mobile Phone Use Questionnaire (MPUQ) and Dependence test of MP (DTMP). The Cognitive Behavioral Assessment 2.0 (CBA 2.0) was used to investigate anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Results: Result statistics showed a continuous use of MP. One third of subjects showed MP addiction, associated to female and younger students. Two thirds showed risk of DUMP, associated to male and older. The obsessive-compulsive disorder was estimated only in a small fraction and significantly correlated with DTMP. Conclusions: Our study points out the importance that information and prevention campaigns targeting specific demographic subpopulations should be sought to raise young awareness for a safe use of MP.","PeriodicalId":18428,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44660797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-2954
Chiara Costa, Manuela Pollicino, G. Briguglio, Alessandra Verzera, Manuela Coco, Francesca Verduci, G. Lembo, A. Alibrandi, E. Micali, C. Fenga
Background: Work ability consists in the balance between employee’s capabilities and work demands. It can be measured by the Work Ability Index, a validated questionnaire that has been used in Europe since 1980s. This study is the first evaluating work ability among dock workers, a workforce which carries out complex activities requiring physical and mental engagement (night shifts, irregular shifts, constant demand for attention and concentration and significant physical effort). Objective: It was hypothized that the high strain level affecting this peculiar job may lead to a decrease in work ability. The aim of the study was to assess work ability and investigate if and how much not work-related factors, such as psycho-emotional state, lifestyle, health conditions and socio-demographic aspects, can interfere with it. Psycho-diagnostic protocol consisted of 6 questionnaires, chosen because of fast and effective data collection aiming to worker compliance and simple interpretation of results. Method: A total of 105 workers was engaged in different companies involved in port services. A protocol consisting of 6 questionnaires has been applied individually before the work shift: Work Ability Index (WAI), Effort-reward imbalance questionnaire (ERI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: Work ability resulted excellent in 60 subjects and good in 37. No significant correlation between individual characteristics and work ability was found. Our results indicated that work ability was negatively related with emotional states, particularly with anxiety. Univariate and multivariate linear regression model for work ability, have shown a statistically significant correlation with BDI, HAM-A and ERI questionnaires’ results. Conclusion: Our results showed that WAI is a useful tool for routine occupational health surveillance. The association of work ability with psychosocial factors suggests that actions at the workplace adopted by occupational physicians in order to prevent a reduction in working capacity, should have a multidimensional approach evaluating not only individual lifestyle, but also mood states.
工作能力是指员工自身能力与工作需求之间的平衡。它可以通过工作能力指数(Work Ability Index)来衡量，这是一份经过验证的问卷，自上世纪80年代以来一直在欧洲使用。本研究首次对码头工人的工作能力进行了评估。码头工人从事复杂的体力和脑力劳动(夜班、不定期轮班、持续的注意力和集中要求以及大量的体力劳动)。目的:推测这种特殊工作的高压力水平可能导致工作能力下降。这项研究的目的是评估工作能力，并调查与工作无关的因素，如心理情绪状态、生活方式、健康状况和社会人口因素，是否以及在多大程度上影响工作能力。心理诊断方案由6份问卷组成，选择问卷的目的是为了快速有效地收集数据，以达到员工的依从性和简单的结果解释。方法:对从事港口服务的不同公司共105名工人进行调查。轮班前分别采用工作能力指数(WAI)、努力-回报失衡问卷(ERI)、贝克抑郁量表- ii (BDI-II)、汉密尔顿焦虑评定量表(HAM-A)、Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI) 6份问卷组成的方案。结果:工作能力优秀者60名，优秀者37名。个体特征与工作能力无显著相关。我们的研究结果表明，工作能力与情绪状态呈负相关，尤其是焦虑。工作能力的单因素和多因素线性回归模型与BDI、HAM-A和ERI问卷结果均有统计学显著相关。结论:WAI是常规职业健康监测的有效工具。工作能力与社会心理因素的关联表明，职业医生在工作场所采取的行动，以防止工作能力的下降，应该有一个多维的方法，不仅评估个人的生活方式，而且还评估情绪状态。
{"title":"Factors Associated with Work Ability in a Population of Dock Workers","authors":"Chiara Costa, Manuela Pollicino, G. Briguglio, Alessandra Verzera, Manuela Coco, Francesca Verduci, G. Lembo, A. Alibrandi, E. Micali, C. Fenga","doi":"10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-2954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-2954","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Work ability consists in the balance between employee’s capabilities and work demands. It can be measured by the Work Ability Index, a validated questionnaire that has been used in Europe since 1980s. This study is the first evaluating work ability among dock workers, a workforce which carries out complex activities requiring physical and mental engagement (night shifts, irregular shifts, constant demand for attention and concentration and significant physical effort). Objective: It was hypothized that the high strain level affecting this peculiar job may lead to a decrease in work ability. The aim of the study was to assess work ability and investigate if and how much not work-related factors, such as psycho-emotional state, lifestyle, health conditions and socio-demographic aspects, can interfere with it. Psycho-diagnostic protocol consisted of 6 questionnaires, chosen because of fast and effective data collection aiming to worker compliance and simple interpretation of results. Method: A total of 105 workers was engaged in different companies involved in port services. A protocol consisting of 6 questionnaires has been applied individually before the work shift: Work Ability Index (WAI), Effort-reward imbalance questionnaire (ERI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: Work ability resulted excellent in 60 subjects and good in 37. No significant correlation between individual characteristics and work ability was found. Our results indicated that work ability was negatively related with emotional states, particularly with anxiety. Univariate and multivariate linear regression model for work ability, have shown a statistically significant correlation with BDI, HAM-A and ERI questionnaires’ results. Conclusion: Our results showed that WAI is a useful tool for routine occupational health surveillance. The association of work ability with psychosocial factors suggests that actions at the workplace adopted by occupational physicians in order to prevent a reduction in working capacity, should have a multidimensional approach evaluating not only individual lifestyle, but also mood states.","PeriodicalId":18428,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45322445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The purpose of this study is to offer a scientific contribution on the possible role of some individual variables (predisposition to optimism, self-esteem, well-being, and perceived hopelessness) on the quality of life (QoL) perception of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), given the lack of studies that investigate these variables in the Italian context. It was assumed that parents of children with ASD have lower levels of predisposition to optimism, self-esteem, perceived well-being, and QoL and higher levels of hopelessness perception compared to the parents of children with typical development. Furthermore, it was assumed that the QoL perception of parents of children with ASD is positively predicted by their predisposition to optimism, self-esteem, and perceived well-being and negatively by hopelessness. Method: The sample was composed of 172 parents: 84 parents of children with ASD and 88 parents of typically developing children. For the evaluation of the variables considered, the following instruments were used: Life Orientation Test-revised (LOT-r, Scheier e Carver, 1985; Giannini et al., 2008), PERMA-Profiler (Giangrasso, 2018), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965; Prezza, Trombaccia e Armento, 1997), Hopelessness Depression Symptom Questionnaire (HDSQ - Metalsky e Joiner, 1991), and the Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire (QoLA – Eapen, 2014). Results: The results confirmed the hypotheses; in particular, the regression analysis identified optimism together with the PERMA dimensions of realization and happiness as the positive predictors and hopelessness as the negative predictor of QoL. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need to deepen the research and, consequently, to structure adequate interventions relative to the individual factors that could play a protective role on the QoL of parents of children with ASD.
背景:鉴于缺乏在意大利背景下调查这些变量的研究，本研究的目的是为一些个体变量(乐观倾向、自尊、幸福感和感知无望)对自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童父母的生活质量(QoL)感知的可能作用提供科学贡献。与正常发育儿童的父母相比，ASD儿童的父母在乐观、自尊、感知幸福感和生活质量方面的倾向较低，而在无望感知方面的倾向较高。此外，我们假设自闭症儿童父母的生活质量感知与他们的乐观、自尊和感知幸福感的倾向呈正相关，与无望感负相关。方法:172名家长，其中ASD患儿家长84名，正常发育患儿家长88名。为了评估所考虑的变量，使用了以下工具:生活取向测试修订(LOT-r, Scheier e Carver, 1985;Giannini et al.， 2008)， PERMA-Profiler (Giangrasso, 2018)， Rosenberg自尊量表(RSES;罗森伯格,1965;Prezza, Trombaccia e Armento, 1997)，无望抑郁症状问卷(HDSQ - Metalsky e Joiner, 1991)和自闭症患者生活质量问卷(QoLA - Eapen, 2014)。结果:结果证实了假设;特别是，回归分析发现乐观与实现和幸福的PERMA维度是生活质量的积极预测因子，而绝望是生活质量的消极预测因子。结论:本研究强调有必要深化研究，并根据可能对ASD患儿父母生活质量起保护作用的个体因素，构建适当的干预措施。
{"title":"Perception of Well-Being, Predisposition to Optimism, and Quality of Life of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Luana Sorrenti, Jessica Arena, Antonina Viviana Mafodda, Pina Filippello","doi":"10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The purpose of this study is to offer a scientific contribution on the possible role of some individual variables (predisposition to optimism, self-esteem, well-being, and perceived hopelessness) on the quality of life (QoL) perception of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), given the lack of studies that investigate these variables in the Italian context. It was assumed that parents of children with ASD have lower levels of predisposition to optimism, self-esteem, perceived well-being, and QoL and higher levels of hopelessness perception compared to the parents of children with typical development. Furthermore, it was assumed that the QoL perception of parents of children with ASD is positively predicted by their predisposition to optimism, self-esteem, and perceived well-being and negatively by hopelessness. Method: The sample was composed of 172 parents: 84 parents of children with ASD and 88 parents of typically developing children. For the evaluation of the variables considered, the following instruments were used: Life Orientation Test-revised (LOT-r, Scheier e Carver, 1985; Giannini et al., 2008), PERMA-Profiler (Giangrasso, 2018), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965; Prezza, Trombaccia e Armento, 1997), Hopelessness Depression Symptom Questionnaire (HDSQ - Metalsky e Joiner, 1991), and the Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire (QoLA – Eapen, 2014). Results: The results confirmed the hypotheses; in particular, the regression analysis identified optimism together with the PERMA dimensions of realization and happiness as the positive predictors and hopelessness as the negative predictor of QoL. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need to deepen the research and, consequently, to structure adequate interventions relative to the individual factors that could play a protective role on the QoL of parents of children with ASD.","PeriodicalId":18428,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48321963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/mjcp-2971
O. Malas, M. Tolsá
Background: The present study presents a first psychometric analysis of the Vaccination Fear Scale (VFS-6) developed to complement clinical efforts in the prevention of hesitance against vaccines. Methods: The sample comprised 2175 Spanish participants. The items of the VFS-6 were developed from validated Fear Coronavirus Scale (FCV-19S), which has several psychometric tests to ascertain its reliability and validity properties. Several psychometric tests were conducted to ascertain its reliability and validity properties. Results: After panel review and corrected item-total correlation test, six items with acceptable corrected item-total correlation were retained and then confirmed by significant and strong factor loadings. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported a bifactorial model (cognitive and physical factors), with robust psychometric properties, good reliability and internal consistency. Our data indicate that fear of vaccination is much more consistently related to the intention to vaccinate than fear of the disease. Conclusion: The VFS-6 is valid and reliable to assess fear of vaccination among the Spanish population.
{"title":"Vaccination Fear Scale (VFS-6): Development and Initial Validation","authors":"O. Malas, M. Tolsá","doi":"10.13129/2282-1619/mjcp-2971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13129/2282-1619/mjcp-2971","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study presents a first psychometric analysis of the Vaccination Fear Scale (VFS-6) developed to complement clinical efforts in the prevention of hesitance against vaccines. Methods: The sample comprised 2175 Spanish participants. The items of the VFS-6 were developed from validated Fear Coronavirus Scale (FCV-19S), which has several psychometric tests to ascertain its reliability and validity properties. Several psychometric tests were conducted to ascertain its reliability and validity properties. Results: After panel review and corrected item-total correlation test, six items with acceptable corrected item-total correlation were retained and then confirmed by significant and strong factor loadings. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported a bifactorial model (cognitive and physical factors), with robust psychometric properties, good reliability and internal consistency. Our data indicate that fear of vaccination is much more consistently related to the intention to vaccinate than fear of the disease. Conclusion: The VFS-6 is valid and reliable to assess fear of vaccination among the Spanish population.","PeriodicalId":18428,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41938705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3025
S. Muzi, Francesco Madera, Anthony Boiardo
The Mirror Paradigm (MP) is an innovative technique that explores the influences of body representation, affect regulation, and nonverbal mirror behavior in children, adolescents and adults. The critical element of the MP is the use of a full-length mirror in front of which the interviewee is asked to answer questions about how they think and feel about their body, including perception, parental and sociocultural influences and the mind-body connection. Though research on MP is limited and focused mainly on adults, its many advantages are recognized. This narrative review aims to summarize its broad applicability, strengths and weakness and potential uses in both research and clinical settings. The review of the literature was performed through a research on PsycArticles, PsycInfo, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, PubMed and Web of Science Scopus databases, plus Google Scholar and ResearchGate, including pertinent and providing quantitative or qualitative data documents. Of 505 documents, 7 articles were eligible for this review (1.4% of initial records). Results revealed three main application of the MP: 1) Body image, where MP scores have been significantly correlated to body dissatisfaction assessed through questionnaires; 2) Psychopathology, where MP scores were useful in discriminating individuals with personality disorders and internalizing, externalizing, dissociative, and disordered eating symptoms; 3) Attachment, with nonverbal expressions and narratives about relationships to important others distinguishable between secure, preoccupied, and dismissive speakers as classified in the Adult Attachment Interview. Limitations and future directions are discussed, suggesting the MP as an innovative technique and measure promising for further integration in research and clinical practice.
镜像范式（MP）是一种创新技术，探索了儿童、青少年和成年人的身体表征、情绪调节和非语言镜像行为的影响。MP的关键要素是使用一面全身镜，受访者被要求在镜子前回答有关他们对身体的看法和感受的问题，包括感知、父母和社会文化影响以及身心联系。尽管对MP的研究是有限的，并且主要集中在成年人身上，但它的许多优点是公认的。这篇叙述性综述旨在总结其在研究和临床环境中的广泛适用性、优势和弱点以及潜在用途。文献综述是通过对PsycArticles、PsycInfo、心理学与行为科学收藏、PubMed和Web of Science Scopus数据库以及谷歌学者和ResearchGate的研究进行的，包括相关的和提供定量或定性数据文件。在505份文件中，有7篇文章符合审查条件（占初始记录的1.4%）。结果揭示了MP的三个主要应用：1）身体形象，其中MP得分和通过问卷评估的身体不满显著相关；2） 心理病理学，MP评分有助于区分人格障碍患者以及内化、外化、解离和饮食紊乱症状；3） 依恋，包括关于与重要他人关系的非语言表达和叙事，可区分为安全、专注和轻蔑的说话者，在成人依恋访谈中被分类。讨论了其局限性和未来的发展方向，认为MP是一种创新的技术和措施，有望在研究和临床实践中进一步整合。
{"title":"A narrative review on clinical and research applications of The Mirror Paradigm: body image, psychopathology, and attachment","authors":"S. Muzi, Francesco Madera, Anthony Boiardo","doi":"10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3025","url":null,"abstract":"The Mirror Paradigm (MP) is an innovative technique that explores the influences of body representation, affect regulation, and nonverbal mirror behavior in children, adolescents and adults. The critical element of the MP is the use of a full-length mirror in front of which the interviewee is asked to answer questions about how they think and feel about their body, including perception, parental and sociocultural influences and the mind-body connection. Though research on MP is limited and focused mainly on adults, its many advantages are recognized. This narrative review aims to summarize its broad applicability, strengths and weakness and potential uses in both research and clinical settings. The review of the literature was performed through a research on PsycArticles, PsycInfo, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, PubMed and Web of Science Scopus databases, plus Google Scholar and ResearchGate, including pertinent and providing quantitative or qualitative data documents. Of 505 documents, 7 articles were eligible for this review (1.4% of initial records). \u0000Results revealed three main application of the MP: 1) Body image, where MP scores have been significantly correlated to body dissatisfaction assessed through questionnaires; 2) Psychopathology, where MP scores were useful in discriminating individuals with personality disorders and internalizing, externalizing, dissociative, and disordered eating symptoms; 3) Attachment, with nonverbal expressions and narratives about relationships to important others distinguishable between secure, preoccupied, and dismissive speakers as classified in the Adult Attachment Interview. Limitations and future directions are discussed, suggesting the MP as an innovative technique and measure promising for further integration in research and clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":18428,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49043227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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