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The psychological impact of the lockdown on Italian university students during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic: psychological experiences, health risk perceptions, distance learning, and future perspectives 在第一波新冠肺炎大流行期间,封锁对意大利大学生的心理影响:心理体验、健康风险认知、远程学习和未来展望
IF 2.6 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/mjcp-3009
Elena Commodari, V. Rosa, Giulia Carnemolla, J. Parisi
Background: This study aimed to explore the lockdown experience on a sample of university students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, focusing on the degree of confidence in the information received about the pandemic, the perceived health risk related to COVID-19, the psychological experiences related to quarantine, and the opinions regarding distance learning and the measures to adopt after the total lockdown. More specifically, we hypothesized that living in an area with more restrictions significantly contributes to accentuating the negative psychological impact of the quarantine experience. Furthermore, we assumed that a high perception of risk and a high fear of contracting the virus are significantly associated with more negative feelings during the lockdown. Conversely, adherence to pandemic containment measures and confidence in the information received on COVID-19 are predictors of positive emotions. Methods: 655 university students completed a battery of standardized questionnaires between April 22 and May 1, 2020. The data was analyzed through univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Results : The students showed to be highly informed about the pandemic and confident regarding the information received about the virus. Furthermore, they had a good perception of their risk of contracting COVID-19. Overall, the results highlighted a significant psychological impact of the lockdown. Students reported greater feelings of sadness (51.3%), nervousness (64.6%), and irritability (57%) than usual, with increased ruminations (70.9%). Furthermore, difficulty concentrating (55.9%), sleeping (54.5%), eating disorders (73.6%), tachycardia (65%), and a tendency to cry (65%) were also reported. Multiple regression suggests that female and younger students who lived in areas with a higher rate of contagion ("red zones") experienced more negative feelings related to quarantine. Moreover, high levels of perceived susceptibility and less compliance with government measures were associated with negative psychological experiences. Conclusions: These results show that university students represent a vulnerable population, and specific interventions are needed to protect their psychological wellbeing during the pandemic. It would be interesting to evaluate the psychological impact of the subsequent waves of contagion due to the persistence of the pandemic's stressful event.
背景:本研究旨在探讨意大利第一波COVID-19大流行期间大学生的封锁体验,重点关注对大流行信息的信心程度,与COVID-19相关的健康风险感知,与隔离相关的心理体验,以及对远程学习的意见和全面封锁后采取的措施。更具体地说,我们假设生活在一个限制更多的地区会大大加剧隔离经历的负面心理影响。此外,我们假设,在封锁期间,对风险的高度感知和对感染病毒的高度恐惧与更多的负面情绪显著相关。相反,遵守流行病控制措施和对收到的COVID-19信息的信心是积极情绪的预测因素。方法:655名大学生在2020年4月22日至5月1日期间完成了一系列标准化问卷调查。通过单因素、双因素和多因素分析对数据进行分析。结果:学生表现出对大流行的高度了解,并对所收到的有关病毒的信息充满信心。此外,他们对感染COVID-19的风险有很好的认识。总体而言,调查结果凸显了封锁带来的重大心理影响。学生们报告的悲伤(51.3%)、紧张(64.6%)和烦躁(57%)的感觉比平时更强烈,沉思(70.9%)也增加了。此外,集中注意力困难(55.9%)、睡眠(54.5%)、饮食失调(73.6%)、心动过速(65%)和倾向于哭泣(65%)也被报道。多元回归表明,生活在传染率较高的地区(“红色区域”)的女性和年轻学生对隔离有更多的负面情绪。此外,高水平的感知易感性和较少遵守政府措施与消极的心理体验有关。结论:这些结果表明,大学生是一个弱势群体,需要采取具体的干预措施来保护他们在大流行期间的心理健康。由于大流行的压力事件持续存在,评估随后的传染浪潮对心理的影响将是一件有趣的事情。
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引用次数: 28
Forms of psychological abuse in heterosexual and homosexual romantic relationships 异性恋和同性恋恋爱关系中的心理虐待形式
IF 2.6 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-2989
Simon Ghinassi, L. Ponti, F. Tani
Background: Psychological abuse is a widespread form of Intimate Partner Violence and has harmful consequences for the wellbeing of the victim. Despite the theoretical and clinical relevance of this form of abuse, few studies have taking into consideration its multidimensional nature together with one of its defining essential characteristics, which is the systematic nature of abuse behaviors. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of perpetrated and suffered psychological abuse in heterosexual and homosexual men and women, considering its multidimensional nature and repetitiveness, in the following terms: absent, occasional, and repeated abuse. Methods: Our sample included 1026 participants (406 heterosexual men, 488 heterosexual women, 65 homosexual men, 67 homosexual women), aged 18–30 years (M = 23.93; SD = 2.75), involved in a romantic relationship. A series of chi-squared tests were performed to explore differences between the four groups. Results: In line with previous studies, results showed that most of participants reported to have perpetrated (95%) and suffered (94%) at least one behavior of psychological abuse. However, considering the repetitiveness of the acts, the prevalence of repeated abuse is around 14%, with no significant differences among groups. However, significant differences emerged considering the different forms of psychological abuse and their repetitiveness. Conclusion: Overall, these results highlight the forms of abuse most commonly perpetrated and suffered in relation to gender and sexual orientation. The distinction between less frequent and systematic cases of abuse provides important implications for clinicians dealing with couples and victims. These results are relevant for the implementation of possible supportive intervention policies.
背景:心理虐待是亲密伴侣暴力的一种普遍形式,对受害者的健康产生有害影响。尽管这种形式的虐待具有理论和临床相关性,但很少有研究考虑到其多维性及其定义的基本特征之一,即虐待行为的系统性。本研究的目的是分析异性恋和同性恋男女实施和遭受心理虐待的普遍性,考虑到其多维性和重复性,从以下方面来看:缺席、偶尔和重复虐待。方法:我们的样本包括1026名参与者(406名异性恋男性,488名异性恋女性,65名同性恋男性,67名同性恋女性),年龄在18-30岁(M=23.93;SD=2.75),参与了一段浪漫关系。进行了一系列卡方检验来探讨四组之间的差异。结果:与之前的研究一致,结果显示,大多数参与者报告称(95%)和遭受过(94%)至少一种心理虐待行为。然而,考虑到行为的重复性,重复虐待的发生率约为14%,各组之间没有显著差异。然而,考虑到不同形式的心理虐待及其重复性,出现了显著的差异。结论:总的来说,这些结果突出了与性别和性取向有关的最常见的虐待形式。不太频繁的虐待案件和系统性虐待案件之间的区别为临床医生处理夫妇和受害者提供了重要的启示。这些结果与实施可能的支持性干预政策有关。
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引用次数: 1
The moderating role of body image inflexibility in the relation between weight concerns and symptoms of eating disorders in Cypriot University students 身体形象不灵活性在体重问题与饮食失调症状之间的关系中的调节作用
IF 2.6 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-2977
Maria Koushiou, Alexandros Kapatais, Eleni Iasonidou, Marios N. Adonis, N. Ferreira
Objectives: Eating Disorder symptoms are highly prevalent and persistent among university students, especially in societies that place high emphasis on body image and in countries where the weather conditions result in body revealing clothing such as Cyprus. The aim of this study is to investigate whether body image inflexibility moderates the relationship between weight concerns and eating disorder symptoms in a sample of Cypriot University students. Methodology: 440 students responded to a survey including measures of weight concerns, (WCS), body image inflexibility (BIIAAQ) and symptoms of eating disorders (EAT-26). Moderation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS Macro for SPSS. Results: The moderation model showed a significant interaction between weight concerns and body image inflexibility (95% CI .004 - .007). Discussion: Higher body image inflexibility seems to exacerbate the risk from weight concerns augmenting the experience of eating disorders symptoms. The findings suggest that interventions targeting body image inflexibility might help prevent and alleviate eating disorders symptoms.
目标:饮食失调症状在大学生中非常普遍和持续存在,特别是在高度重视身体形象的社会和天气条件导致身体暴露的国家,如塞浦路斯。本研究的目的是调查身体形象不灵活性是否调节体重问题和饮食失调症状之间的关系在塞浦路斯大学的学生样本。方法:440名学生参与了一项调查,包括体重问题(WCS)、身体形象缺乏灵活性(BIIAAQ)和饮食失调症状(EAT-26)。使用SPSS的PROCESS Macro进行适度分析。结果:调节模型显示体重关注与身体形象不灵活性之间存在显著的相互作用(95% CI为0.004 - 0.007)。讨论:较高的身体形象缺乏灵活性似乎加剧了体重担忧的风险,增加了饮食失调症状的经历。研究结果表明,针对身体形象缺乏灵活性的干预措施可能有助于预防和减轻饮食失调症状。
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引用次数: 0
Loneliness or isolation due to Covid 19 pandemic 新冠肺炎19大流行导致的孤独或隔离
IF 2.6 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/mjcp-3183
S. Settineri
More than 18 months have passed since the editorial dedicated to fear of contamination (Settineri & Merlo, 2020a) which, like all public health editorials, has reflected on current events. Reflections on the relationship with that special object that is the disease characterized by its time and its spaces (today minor due to its global characteristics). The disease object is "special" for its complexity value that we can summarize in a multifactoriality that involves both intellectual and emotional processing. This involves risks of dispersion, a concept that is well suited to the word identity both individual and social.
自致力于对污染的恐惧的社论(Settineri & Merlo, 2020a)以来,已经过去了18个多月,这篇社论像所有公共卫生社论一样,反映了当前的事件。反思与以时间和空间为特征的疾病这一特殊对象的关系(由于其全球特征,今天次要)。疾病对象是“特殊的”,因为它的复杂性价值,我们可以用涉及智力和情感处理的多因素来总结。这涉及到分散的风险,这是一个非常适合个人和社会身份这个词的概念。
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引用次数: 2
Quality of life, distrust in health care system and adherence to medical recommendations in patients with fibromyalgia: a latent profile analysis 纤维肌痛患者的生活质量、对医疗保健系统的不信任和对医疗建议的依从性:潜在特征分析
IF 2.6 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-2953
K. Gana, M. Cuvelier, M. Koleck
Introduction:  Fibromyalgia is a very heterogeneous disorder. This heterogeneity is one of the reasons why researchers have tried to analyze different patient profiles and their relationship with quality of life. The aim of the present study was to identify: (1) latent profiles based on the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire’s scores, and (2) possible differences between them in quality of life, distrust in healthcare system, and adherence to medical recommendations. Methods : 707 FM patients (aged 18-85 years, 95% women) completed the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey, the Patient Adherence Scale, and the Health Care System Distrust Scale. Data were analyzed using latent profile analysis. Results : Three profiles were identified: (1)  Low fibromyalgia impact  profile (2)  Moderate fibromyalgia impact  profile, and (3)  High fibromyalgia impact  profile. Significant differences between these profiles were found in quality of life, adherence to medical recommendations, and distrust in healthcare system. Poor-sleep quality emerged as a significant high important symptom in the three profiles. Conclusion : The greater the fibromyalgia impact, the lower the quality of life, and the adherence to medical recommendations and the greater the mistrust in the healthcare system. Self-perceived sleep quality in fibromyalgia patients should require special attention from clinicians.
简介:纤维肌痛是一种异质性疾病。这种异质性是研究人员试图分析不同患者档案及其与生活质量关系的原因之一。本研究的目的是确定:(1)基于修订的纤维肌痛影响问卷评分的潜在特征,以及(2)他们在生活质量、对医疗系统的不信任和对医疗建议的遵守方面的可能差异。方法:707名FM患者(年龄18-85岁,95%为女性)完成了修订的纤维肌痛影响问卷、12项简式健康调查、患者依从性量表和医疗保健系统不信任量表。使用潜在剖面分析对数据进行分析。结果:确定了三种情况:(1)低纤维肌痛影响情况(2)中度纤维肌痛冲击情况和(3)高纤维肌痛撞击情况。这些情况在生活质量、对医疗建议的遵守以及对医疗系统的不信任方面存在显著差异。在这三种情况下,睡眠质量差是一个重要的症状。结论:纤维肌痛的影响越大,生活质量就越低,对医疗建议的遵守程度就越高,对医疗系统的不信任也就越大。纤维肌痛患者的自我感知睡眠质量需要临床医生的特别关注。
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引用次数: 1
The impact of clinical and psychological characteristics on alexithymia in type 1 diabetes 临床和心理特征对1型糖尿病述情障碍的影响
IF 2.6 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-2584
B. Pintaudi, G. Vieste, A. Nicolucci, A. Bruno, G. Genovese, M. Muscatello, C. Cedro, R. Zoccali, A. Benedetto
Background: Alexithymia is a psychological construct characterized by inability to express emotions, poor imagination and operational thinking. It is well known its association with several chronic disease such as Diabetes type 2, little is known about diabetes type 1. We examined the association of alexithymia with clinical and psychological outcomes in subjects with type 1 diabetes. Methods: The study was conducted in a single diabetes center. The patients fully completed a protocol composed of the following instruments: the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y (STAI-Y), and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). TAS-20 scores were subdivided into tertiles, Correlations and two linear regression analyses, adjusted for only clinical and clinical plus psychological characteristics, were performed. Overall, 75 patients were enrolled (mean age 41.0±11.4 years, diabetes duration 19.9±11.9 years, 49.3% males, 30.7% treated with CSII). Results: People with diabetes of the upper TAS-20 tertile had the greatest rate of depression (with the highest degree of severity) and the higher levels of anger and anxiety. There was a significant correlation between TAS-20 scores with BMI (r=0.26; p=0.03), HAMD (r=0.38; p=0.001), STAXI-2 (r=0.34; p=0.003) and STAI-Y (r=0.48; p<0.0001).  Further regression analysis showed TAS-20 scores were associated with BMI (beta=0.29; p=0.02). The association with BMI was confirmed (beta=0.28; p=0.007) when psychological variables are considered; furthermore, a strong association with STAI-2 (beta=0.48; p<0.0001) was detected, while the analysis did reveal any significant correlation between alexithymia and HbA1c levels. Conclusions: Alexithymia is strongly associated both with clinical and psychological characteristics, notably with BMI and anxiety traits. People with diabetes type 1 should be assessed for alexithymia. Future studies on the current topic are therefore required in order to elucidate the role of alexithymia in diabetes type 1. We believe that patients with diabetes and alexithymia could take advantage of psychological counseling.
背景:述情障碍是一种以不能表达情感、缺乏想象力和操作思维为特征的心理结构。众所周知,它与2型糖尿病等几种慢性疾病有关,但对1型糖尿病知之甚少。我们研究了1型糖尿病患者述情障碍与临床和心理结果的关系。方法:本研究在一个糖尿病中心进行。患者完全完成了由以下工具组成的方案:多伦多述情障碍量表-20(TAS-20)、状态特质愤怒表达量表-2(STAXI-2)、状态特征焦虑量表Y(STAI-Y)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)。TAS-20评分被细分为三分位数,进行相关性和两次线性回归分析,仅根据临床和临床加心理特征进行调整。总共有75名患者入选(平均年龄41.0±11.4岁,糖尿病持续时间19.9±11.9岁,49.3%为男性,30.7%接受CSII治疗)。结果:TAS-20三分位以上的糖尿病患者抑郁发生率最高(严重程度最高),愤怒和焦虑程度较高。TAS-20评分与BMI(r=0.26;p=0.03)、HAMD(r=0.38;p=0.001)、STAXI-2(r=0.34;p=0.003)和STAI-Y(r=0.48;p<0.0001)之间存在显著相关性。进一步的回归分析显示,TAS-20分与BMI(β=0.29;p=0.02)相关。当考虑心理变量时,证实了与BMI的相关性(β=0.28;p=0.007);此外,检测到与STAI-2有很强的相关性(β=0.48;p<0.0001),而分析确实揭示了述情障碍与HbA1c水平之间的任何显著相关性。结论:述情障碍与临床和心理特征密切相关,尤其与BMI和焦虑特征密切相关。1型糖尿病患者应进行述情障碍评估。因此,需要对当前主题进行进一步的研究,以阐明述情障碍在1型糖尿病中的作用。我们相信糖尿病和述情障碍患者可以利用心理咨询。
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引用次数: 0
Children and Families' mental health during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Italy 意大利首次COVID-19封锁期间儿童和家庭的心理健康
IF 2.6 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/mjcp-2984
L. Ferraro, C. Cascia, M. Daino, G. Tripoli, G. Maniaci, Crocettarachele Santorio, F. Seminerio, R. Baido, D. Barbera
Background: This study aimed to screen a wide range of emotional and behavioural variables emerging during the first COVID-19 pandemic-lockdown in a sample of parents and children, residents in the southern part of Italy, and explore which variables could predict children’s wellbeing. We hypothesised that difficulties in adapting routines to pandemic restrictions, parents’ emotional wellbeing, and attitude towards the pandemic could influence the children’s behavioural attitudes. Methods: 221 parents completed the survey and gave information about 246 children. Ad hoc questionnaires were created and then exploratory reduced in factors.  Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)  for parents assessed positive and negative behavioural attitudes in children.  Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (Italian DASS-21) scored depression, anxiety and stress in parents. Results: Children presented higher emotional distress (Mean difference (M diff )=0.6, 95% C.I. 0.2, 0.9, p=0.013) and better prosocial behaviour (M diff =0.5, 95% C.I. 0.1, 0.9, p=0.011) than the Italian normative sample. Parents were more depressed than expected in the general population (M diff =1.0, 95% C.I. 0.3, 1.6, p=0.005). Having developed a morbid attachment to an adult (B=0.37, 95% CI 0.05, 0.69, p=0.024), a higher parental depression (B=0.1, 95% CI 0.02, 0.18, p=0.014), and children’s suffering from nightmares (B=0.35, 95% CI 0.03, 0.67, p=0.032) explained the 31.9% of the total variance in children’s emotional distress. Children’s anxiety was related to parents’ fear of the pandemic effects (r=0.32, p=0.001) and avoiding communicative approach (r=0.24, p=0.011). Conclusion:  The first lockdown determined emotional distress and regressive mechanisms in children in the contest of higher parental discomfort, fear of the infection and avoidant communication. Following parents’ indications, it could be helpful to provide families with informative and age-appropriate support.
背景:这项研究旨在从意大利南部的父母和儿童、居民样本中筛选第一次新冠肺炎大封锁期间出现的各种情绪和行为变量,并探索哪些变量可以预测儿童的健康状况。我们假设,在适应疫情限制、父母的情绪健康和对疫情的态度方面的困难可能会影响孩子的行为态度。方法:221名家长完成调查,提供246名儿童的相关信息。创建了临时问卷,然后探索性地减少因素。针对父母的优势和困难问卷(SDQ)评估了儿童的积极和消极行为态度。抑郁-焦虑-压力量表(意大利DAS-21)对父母的抑郁、焦虑和压力进行评分。结果:与意大利标准样本相比,儿童表现出更高的情绪困扰(平均差异(M diff)=0.6,95%CI 0.2,0.9,p=0.013)和更好的亲社会行为(M diff=0.5,95%CI 0.1,0.9,p=0.011)。在普通人群中,父母比预期的更抑郁(M diff=1.0,95%CI 0.3,1.6,p=0.005)。对成年人产生病态依恋(B=0.37,95%CI 0.05,0.69,p=0.024)后,父母抑郁程度更高(B=0.1,95%CI 0.02,0.18,p=0.014),儿童遭受噩梦的痛苦(B=0.35,95%CI 0.03,0.67,p=0.032)解释了儿童情绪困扰总方差的31.9%。儿童的焦虑与父母对疫情影响的恐惧(r=0.32,p=0.001)和回避沟通方式(r=0.24,p=0.011)有关。结论:第一次封锁决定了儿童在父母更高的不适感、对感染的恐惧和回避沟通的竞争中的情绪困扰和倒退机制。根据父母的指示,为家庭提供信息和适龄的支持可能会有所帮助。
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引用次数: 3
The impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the treatment of cancer patients: the first steps in this fight 2019冠状病毒病大流行对癌症患者治疗的影响:这场斗争的第一步
IF 2.6 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/mjcp-3011
Gabriela Rahnea-Nita, D. Badiu, Cristian G. Popescu, V. Grigorean, D. Serban, C. Smarandache, Roxana-Andreea Rahnea-Niţă, A. Ciuhu, M. Mandu, -. Liliana, Florina Andronache, A. Stoian
Background: The new Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents a global threat due to its increased mortality, especially among the elderly and people with severe comorbidities, such as cancer. Objectives: Through the specific measures that have been imposed to reduce the risk of infection and death, the working hypothesis is prepared: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has drastically decreased the hospital admissions of cancer patients, the frequency of hospitalizations and determined an increased mortality rate through the infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus in cancer patients. Methods: For a period of 16 weeks, the hospitalizations of patients to the Chronic Oncology-Palliative Care Department of “St. Luke” Hospital for Chronic Diseases, Bucharest, were analyzed, being compared to the same period of the previous year and, also, there were patients with symptoms specific to COVID-19 infection, tested for SARS-CoV-2 by means of RT-PCR. Results: The data analysis shows a 53.7% decrease among hospitalized patients – with 51.4 for day hospitalization and 50.2% for inpatient hospitalization, during the COVID-19 pandemic. 4 patients out of the 477 admitted to the Oncology Department in this period had a positive RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 test during their hospitalization and 5 patients with symptoms common for both cancer and COVID-19 had a negative result through specific testing (Table I, Table II). Two other patients recorded on the unit were infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus and required admission and treatment in the COVID-19 Department. The willingness of the cancer patient to consult a physician for admission has greatly decreased in the first 16 weeks from the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Cancer patients, although at an increased risk of being infected, did not exhibit severe symptoms, and the evolution of the symptoms and the performance state after the discharge from the COVID-19 department was influenced by the age and the associated comorbidities.
背景:新型严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)因其死亡率增加而成为全球威胁,尤其是在老年人和患有癌症等严重合并症的人群中。目的:通过为降低感染和死亡风险而采取的具体措施,准备了工作假设:2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)大流行大幅减少了癌症患者的住院人数,确定了癌症患者因感染SARS-CoV-2病毒而增加的死亡率。方法:在为期16周的时间里,对布加勒斯特“圣卢克”慢性病医院慢性肿瘤姑息治疗部的住院患者进行分析,并与前一年同期进行比较,此外,还对有新冠肺炎感染特异性症状的患者进行了SARS-CoV-2的RT-PCR检测。结果:数据分析显示,在新冠肺炎大流行期间,住院患者减少了53.7%,其中每日住院51.4%,住院50.2%。在此期间,在肿瘤科住院的477名患者中,有4名患者在住院期间的RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性,5名癌症和新冠肺炎常见症状的患者通过特异性检测结果呈阴性(表I,表II)。该病房记录的另外两名患者感染了SARS-CoV-2病毒,需要在新冠肺炎科入院治疗。自宣布新冠肺炎大流行以来的前16周,癌症患者咨询医生入院的意愿大幅下降。结论:癌症患者虽然感染风险增加,但没有表现出严重症状,新冠肺炎科出院后症状和表现状态的演变受到年龄和相关合并症的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Problematic Internet Use among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review of scholars’ conceptualisations after the publication of DSM5 青少年和年轻人的互联网使用问题:DSM5出版后学者概念的系统回顾
IF 2.6 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3016
Lucrezia Ferrante, C. Venuleo
Scholars’ opinions vary considerably regarding many different aspects of Problematic Internet Use (PIU), including whether it should be conceptualised as an addiction, whether it has to be seen as a discrete category or as the pole of a “normal” to pathological continuum, and whether and how the relationship between a person’s characteristics and socio-cultural environment needs to be considered. The aim of the present study is to qualitatively review the evolving body of literature on PIU among adolescents in relation to the three above-mentioned issues, in order to examine how far existing research has progressed since the publication of DSM-5. Following PRISMA guidelines, studies from 2014 to 2019 identified by a search on SCOPUS and Google Scholar were collected. The PIU conceptualisations employed in studies among adolescents and young adults were analysed. Results showed that the debate on PIU as a form of addiction or a distinct clinical disorder is far from over; nonetheless, in the scientific literature about PIU among adolescents and young adults the idea of Internet use as a way to compensate for unsatisfied needs is growing, calling for a better appreciation of what happens in the life-contexts to explain how youths move to/away from PIU over time.
学者们对问题网络使用(PIU)的许多不同方面的看法差异很大,包括是否应该将其概念化为成瘾,是否必须将其视为一个独立的类别或作为“正常”到病态连续体的极点,以及是否以及如何考虑一个人的特征与社会文化环境之间的关系。本研究的目的是定性地回顾与上述三个问题有关的青少年PIU文献的演变,以检查自DSM-5出版以来现有研究的进展程度。根据PRISMA指南,收集了在SCOPUS和谷歌Scholar上检索到的2014年至2019年的研究。在青少年和年轻人的研究中使用的PIU概念进行了分析。结果表明,关于PIU是一种成瘾形式还是一种明显的临床障碍的争论远未结束;尽管如此,在关于青少年和年轻人的PIU的科学文献中,互联网使用作为一种补偿未满足需求的方式的想法正在增长,呼吁更好地了解生活环境中发生的事情,以解释年轻人如何随着时间的推移而转向/离开PIU。
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引用次数: 5
Initial validation of the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales Q-sort: A Comparison of Trained and Untrained Raters 防御机制评定量表Q-sort的初步验证:训练和未训练评定者的比较
IF 2.6 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.13129/2282-1619/MJCP-3107
V. Békés, Tracy A. Prout, Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, L. Ammar, Thomas Kui, Giulia Arsena, C. Conversano
Objectives: Defense mechanisms underlie a range of healthy and pathological psychological phenomena and are important mechanisms of change in psychotherapy. Thus, the identification of defense mechanisms in clinical work is crucial, however, measures commonly used for their assessment have various limitations. The Defense Mechanisms Rating Scale Q-set (DMRS-Q; Di Giuseppe, 2014) was developed to address these problems, and to provide an easy-to-use, valid, and reliable tool for the assessment of defense mechanisms. The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the DMRS-Q when used by trained versus untrained coders, and to examine the criterion validity of the DMRS-Q in relation to its original observer-rated version, the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scale (DMRS; Perry, 1990). Methods: Collateral sessions ( n = 13) with parents of children with externalizing problems were coded with the DMRS-Q by trained and untrained raters, and on the DMRS by an expert rater. Results: We found that both trained and untrained coders were able to assess most defense categories and levels with moderate to excellent reliability on the DMRS-Q, and that untrained coders’ reliability was comparable although slightly lower than untrained coders’ reliability. Moreover, our results indicate the generally good criterion validity of the DMRS-Q when compared to the original DMRS. Discussion: These findings suggest that the DMRS-Q is a promising measure that can be used by clinicians and researchers at all levels of training and with minimal knowledge of defense mechanisms as a reliable and valid method to assess defense mechanisms in clinical settings.
目的:防御机制是一系列健康和病理心理现象的基础,也是心理治疗变化的重要机制。因此,在临床工作中识别防御机制至关重要,然而,通常用于评估防御机制的措施有各种局限性。防御机制评级量表Q集(DMRS-Q;Di Giuseppe,2014)旨在解决这些问题,并为评估防御机制提供一个易于使用、有效和可靠的工具。本研究旨在评估DMRS-Q在受过训练和未受过训练的编码人员使用时的可靠性,并检查DMRS-Q相对于其原始观察者评级版本——防御机制评级量表(DMRS;Perry,1990)的标准有效性。方法:由受过训练和未受过训练的评分员使用DMRS-Q对与有外化问题的儿童的父母进行的并列会话(n=13)进行编码,并由专家评分员在DMRS上进行编码。结果:我们发现,受过训练和未受过训练的编码人员都能够在DMRS-Q上以中等至优秀的可靠性评估大多数防御类别和级别,并且未受过训练编码人员的可靠性是可比的,尽管略低于未受过训练编码人员的可靠性。此外,我们的结果表明,与原始DMRS相比,DMRS-Q的准则有效性总体良好。讨论:这些发现表明,DMRS-Q是一种很有前途的测量方法,可供各级培训的临床医生和研究人员使用,并且对防御机制知之甚少,是在临床环境中评估防御机制的可靠有效方法。
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引用次数: 4
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Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology
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