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Human Elements in Pedagogical Assistants that Aid in English Language Teaching & Learning: An Offline Study 辅助英语教学的教学助理中的人为因素:离线研究
Bhagya Prabhashini Cheeli
Technological development continuously advances with additional innovations added to the existing account. Yesterday’s apps, today’s ChatGPT, and tomorrow’s extended reality applications are proof of continuous innovation in the Information Technology (IT) sector. During the 2020 pandemic, the world’s education system shifted to online teaching. By then, Artificial Intelligence (AI) had already invested in introducing pedagogical agents (PAs) in teaching through multimedia learning. There are multiple attributable studies about human-comparable on-screen agents that support teaching and improve learning performance with their human characteristics like bodily moments, spoken narration, emotional expression, and gestures. Besides, AI provided pedagogical agents with an exuberant quality of surveilling students during classes. Foreign or second language teachers typically observe emotionality in the classrooms to motivate, encourage, and provide feedback. Thus, the current study aims to investigate and compare the characteristic features of pedagogical agents with those of on-screen teachers. It will explore to what extent the features stimulate the learning process in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) / English as a second language (ESL) learning. Additionally, the present study attempts to cover the classification of emotionality and agents’ contextual appearance in teaching English classes. The study will compare the pedagogical agents’ characteristics with human screen teachers’ characteristics using one-tailed, right-tailed F-test variance. The study proves that pedagogical agents are considered equal partners with on-screen teachers based on the available characteristics. Additionally, the study signals the need for future teachers to acquire technical skills.
技术发展在不断进步,现有开户绑定手机领体验金也在不断创新。昨天的应用程序、今天的 ChatGPT 和明天的扩展现实应用都证明了信息技术(IT)领域的不断创新。在 2020 年大流行期间,世界教育系统转向了在线教学。当时,人工智能(AI)已经在通过多媒体教学引入教学代理(PA)方面进行了投资。有多项研究表明,与人类相媲美的屏幕代理可以支持教学,并以其人类特征(如身体瞬间、口语叙述、情感表达和手势)提高学习成绩。此外,人工智能还为教学代理提供了在课堂上观察学生的强大功能。外语或第二语言教师通常会在课堂上观察学生的情绪,以激励、鼓励和提供反馈。因此,本研究旨在调查和比较教学代理与屏幕教师的特征。本研究将探讨这些特征在多大程度上促进了英语作为外语(EFL)/英语作为第二语言(ESL)的学习过程。此外,本研究还试图涵盖英语课堂教学中的情感分类和代理的情境外观。本研究将使用单尾、右尾 F 检验方差对教学代理的特征与人类屏幕教师的特征进行比较。研究证明,根据现有的特征,教学代理被视为与屏幕教师平等的合作伙伴。此外,研究还表明,未来的教师需要掌握技术技能。
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引用次数: 0
Challenges and Stress While Teaching Problem Solving in Mathematics 数学解题教学中的挑战和压力
Ivana-Marija Pavković, Nikola Marangunić
The purpose of our research is to examine what challenges and stressors teachers face when teaching problem solving in mathematics classes, whether they do problem solving mostly with gifted or better students than with other students in the class. We used a quantitative research method through a survey questionnaire that teachers filled out online. Hypotheses were tested with the Kruskal-Wallis’s test to determine differences between groups of teachers. The results showed that teachers, regardless of the university they graduated from and the average number of students in the class, define the same challenges that students and teachers face when solving problems, and that they try to implement problem solving with all students in the class, not only with the gifted. Teachers report that problem-solving teaching takes a lot of time and preparation, and that problem-solving take time during class. Such teaching itself is demanding in preparation. For the challenges faced by students, teachers state students' quick withdrawal, lack of self-confidence, and lack of prior knowledge and problem-solving skills. It is difficult for teachers to achieve the outcomes by solving problems in mathematics classes, but they are aware that solving problems gives students better skills. It is important to understand the impact of teacher stress and reduce the stressors that teachers face when solving problems in class, because teacher stress affects student success in problem solving, which is related to student success in mathematics.
我们的研究目的是探讨教师在数学课上教授问题解决时面临哪些挑战和压力,他们主要是针对资优生还是优等生而不是班上的其他学生进行问题解决。我们通过教师在线填写的调查问卷,采用定量研究方法。我们用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验法对假设进行了检验,以确定各组教师之间的差异。结果显示,无论教师毕业于哪所大学,也无论班级平均学生人数多少,他们都认为学生和教师在解决问题时面临着同样的挑战,而且他们会尝试对班级所有学生而不仅仅是资优生实施问题解决方法。教师们表示,解决问题的教学需要大量的时间和准备,解决问题需要在课堂上花时间。这种教学本身的准备工作要求很高。对于学生面临的挑战,教师指出学生退缩快、缺乏自信、缺乏已有知识和解决问题的能力。教师很难在数学课上通过解决问题达到教学效果,但他们知道解决问题能让学生掌握更好的技能。了解教师压力的影响并减少教师在课堂上解决问题时所面临的压力因素非常重要,因为教师压力会影响学生解决问题的成功率,而学生解决问题的成功率又与学生数学学习的成功率息息相关。
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引用次数: 0
Taking up Artificial Intelligence as Teaching and Learning Content in the Digital Humanities – Topics, Categorisations, and Examples 将人工智能作为数字人文领域的教学内容--主题、分类和示例
Katrin Fritsche, Sander Münster
In this article the topic of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a teaching and learning content for the field of the Digital Humanities (DH) in higher education is examined in more detail. For this purpose, a definition of AI in the context of the DH is given first. Areas of the application of AI topics in European DH degree programme descriptions (Master and Bachelor) are scanned to show whether and how the topic of AI is reflected in course descriptions for prospective students with a focus on Digital Humanities. In addition to focusing the term AI, descriptions are analysed for word frequencies and existing correlations. The results show that AI is not explicitly included as a subject of study in DH course descriptions. Nevertheless, central related themes and methods are highlighted therein. Areas such as languages, literature, cultural studies, and history as well as creative and production areas that have references to digital processes and semi- and fully automated computer-aided methods are mentioned. Overall, the teaching of effective digitally supported and collaborative working methods is an essential part of the degree programs (or is aimed at in the degree program descriptions and thus in the respective degree programs), which addresses core competencies of the learners in the future working world. AI topics are finally categorised and converted into a compact overview with areas of application and two possible exemplary implementation scenarios.
本文将更详细地探讨人工智能(AI)作为高等教育数字人文领域(DH)的教学内容这一话题。为此,本文首先给出了人工智能在数字人文领域的定义。扫描了欧洲数字人文学位课程(硕士和学士)中人工智能主题的应用领域,以显示人工智能主题是否以及如何在面向数字人文专业未来学生的课程描述中得到反映。除了关注人工智能一词外,还分析了课程描述中的词频和现有相关性。结果表明,在数字人文课程描述中,人工智能并未被明确列为研究主题。不过,其中强调了相关的核心主题和方法。其中提到了语言、文学、文化研究和历史等领域,以及涉及数字流程和半自动及全自动计算机辅助方法的创意和生产领域。总之,有效的数字支持和协作工作方法教学是学位课程的重要组成部分(或在学位课程描述中,从而在各自的学位课程中都有目标),它解决了学习者在未来工作世界中的核心能力问题。最后,对人工智能主题进行了分类,并将其转化为一个紧凑的概述,包括应用领域和两个可能的示范实施方案。
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引用次数: 0
A Short Paper about Fundamental Pedagogical Concepts of Constructivism Theory in Relation to TPACK Framework 关于建构主义理论的基本教学概念与 TPACK 框架关系的短文
Serafeim Triantafyllou
The influence of constructivism as a pedagogical theory is mainly concentrated on adult education. Its main concepts stem from significant conclusions coming from other theories related to pedagogical and philosophical school practice. The key point is that knowledge is the desired learning outcome that can be accomplished through active learning participation which is closely related to construct. Also, some basic ideas of constructivism rely on idea-based interactions and ideas produced by learners. Certain aspects of the above-mentioned theory in learning and teaching seem to be very helpful for learners to develop their ideas and achieve learning outcomes. The basic aim of this paper is to examine the influence of Constructivism on adult education by utilising Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Framework’s (TPACK) dimensions in learning and teaching everyday practice. A mixed method analysis was conducted which contains a theoretical analysis, and experimentation through a quiz game. Our experimental approach through the quiz game was to study Newtonian physics and specifically the Law of Gravitation and the 2nd Law of Motion, finding that the mass terms cancel, and ending up making a prediction that all objects fall at the same rate. The experiment would then involve verifying the prediction and explaining any deviations from the prediction in terms of the intuitive idea of air resistance. The findings showed that students after answering the quizzes of the quiz game, were able to discuss their results using logical argument as opposed to when they did the experiment before the theory and their discussion was little more than guesswork. Thus, we could see how students performed on each question and use that information to figure out what needs to be readdressed or retaught.
建构主义作为一种教学理论,其影响主要集中在成人教育上。其主要概念源自与教学和学校哲学实践相关的其他理论的重要结论。其要点是,知识是通过积极的学习参与可以实现的理想学习成果,而积极的学习参与与建构密切相关。此外,建构主义的一些基本观点也依赖于以想法为基础的互动和学习者产生的想法。上述理论在学习和教学中的某些方面似乎非常有助于学习者形成自己的想法并取得学习成果。本文的基本目的是利用技术教学内容知识框架(TPACK)在日常学与教实践中的维度,研究建构主义对成人教育的影响。我们采用了混合方法进行分析,包括理论分析和通过问答游戏进行实验。通过问答游戏,我们的实验方法是研究牛顿物理学,特别是万有引力定律和第二运动定律,发现质量项相互抵消,并最终做出所有物体以相同速度下落的预测。然后,实验将涉及验证预测,并用空气阻力的直观概念解释与预测的任何偏差。研究结果表明,学生在回答完问答游戏的问答后,能够用逻辑论证的方式讨论他们的结果,而在理论之前做实验时,他们的讨论只是猜测。因此,我们可以看到学生在每个问题上的表现,并利用这些信息找出需要重新解决或重新教授的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Legato: Recap, Reassess, Reload 连奏:回顾,重新评估,重新装填
P. Oliveira
— Legato is an active learning strategy where a given theme is treated by two small groups of students, in succession. The first group explores the theme and assembles the materials to be used by the second group, for the development of an in-depth treatment of the theme, according to the guidelines rendered by the teacher. An additional specification is to randomize the groups for the final phase. The original description, made in 2015, highlighted the untapped potential of committing the students in a work that was prepared by their peers, but also its potential shortcomings. At the time an experienced comparison with other active learning strategies was not possible. The present communication proposes a new description of the procedures, analyzes the dynamics of Legato and common obstacles, and discusses its application in a landscape of other learning strategies. Legato provides the option of a rich experience with building knowledge, emulating the legacy processes common to all scientific inquiry.
-连奏是一种积极的学习策略,其中一个给定的主题是由两个小组的学生,连续处理。第一组探索主题,并根据教师提供的指导方针,将第二组使用的材料组合起来,对主题进行深入的处理。另一个规范是在最后阶段随机分组。最初的描述是在2015年发布的,强调了让学生参与由同龄人准备的工作的潜力尚未开发,但也强调了其潜在的缺点。当时,与其他主动学习策略进行经验比较是不可能的。本文提出了一种新的程序描述,分析了连奏的动态和常见障碍,并讨论了其在其他学习策略中的应用。Legato提供了丰富的经验与建设知识的选择,模仿所有科学探究共同的遗产过程。
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引用次数: 0
A Research Study On Capacity Building for E-District Project Implementation in Delhi 德里e区项目实施能力建设研究
Dr. Harshita Bhatnagar, Dr. R S P Singh
—: e-District Delhi is a Mission Mode Project under e-Kranti component of Digital India program. In Delhi, its implementation started in late 2015. This paper analysis the results of a survey conducted by the authors in May 2016 on the training received by the employees who deliver online Government to Citizen (G2C) services in Delhi under e-District Delhi Project. The employees were attached to District Magistrate office in each of the 6 selected districts. District Magistrate is the administrative head of a district in Delhi. The vocational skills of employees were studied in detail through the survey. The important outcome derived from results is that the training provided was inadequate for the employees. As many as 75% reported not receiving proper training and 25% received no training at all. Their vocational skills were inadequate to manage day-to-day job responsibilities in the newly adopted online workflow for providing important citizen services. This paper discusses in details the various parameters and their impact on the dependent variable (output of each employee per day) through empirical analysis and hypothesis testing. An interesting outcome of this research is that communication skills training was demanded by employees at all hierarchy levels, 41% of senior professionals also demanded more training on communication skills.
-: e区德里是数字印度计划e-Kranti组件下的任务模式项目。在德里,它于2015年底开始实施。本文分析了作者在2016年5月进行的一项调查结果,该调查是针对在德里e区德里项目下提供在线政府对公民(G2C)服务的员工所接受的培训。这些雇员分别隶属于6个选定地区的地方行政长官办公室。地方长官是德里一个地区的行政首长。通过调查对员工的职业技能进行了详细的研究。从结果中得出的重要结果是,为员工提供的培训不足。多达75%的人没有接受过适当的培训,25%的人根本没有接受过培训。他们的职业技能不足以在新采用的提供重要公民服务的在线工作流程中管理日常工作职责。本文通过实证分析和假设检验,详细讨论了各种参数及其对因变量(每位员工每天的产出)的影响。这项研究的一个有趣的结果是,沟通技巧培训是所有层级的员工都要求的,41%的高级专业人员也要求更多的沟通技巧培训。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of the Student in The English to Speakers of Other Languages Learning Process 学生在英语向其他语言学习者学习过程中的角色
Maria José Lisboa Antunes
: This study main objective is to analyse the role of the student during the learning process of a foreign language. For this we did a needs analysis to students of the higher education level and further on we analysed the data that we collected in order to understand how to increase the student’s ability to communicate in a foreign language, more specifically in English. The methodology used, needs analysis, allowed us to assess the students’ necessities in this area of expertise and, later on, to implement new strategies and use new materials in the classroom so their needs might be fulfilled and our goals might be achieved. This paper is divided into four parts, in the first one we present the theoretical framework, in the second one we focused on the methodology used, which was a needs analysis, in the third we show the results and in the fourth one we present the main conclusions of this study and its limitations. With this paper we came up to some relevant developments and progresses in what concerns the importance of the student’s attitude during the learning process of a foreign language.
本研究的主要目的是分析学生在外语学习过程中的角色。为此,我们对高等教育水平的学生进行了需求分析,进一步分析了我们收集的数据,以了解如何提高学生用外语交流的能力,更具体地说,是用英语交流。使用的方法,需求分析,使我们能够评估学生在这一专业领域的需求,然后在课堂上实施新的策略和使用新的材料,这样他们的需求可能会得到满足,我们的目标可能会实现。本文分为四个部分,在第一部分,我们提出了理论框架,在第二部分,我们专注于使用的方法,这是一个需求分析,在第三部分,我们展示了结果,在第四部分,我们提出了本研究的主要结论及其局限性。本文就学生态度在外语学习过程中的重要性这一问题提出了一些相关的发展和进展。
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引用次数: 0
A Case Study of Team-Based Learning for Evolutionary Biology Classes in Biology Majors 生物专业进化生物学课堂团队学习的案例研究
Paulo Oliveira, D. Figueiredo
The authors describe the experience with a partial implementation of Team-Based Learning strategy, as was carried out in the context of the Evolutionary Biology course, an obligate part of the undergraduate Biology curriculum at the University of Évora. In contrast to previous attempts at turning the students attending this course from their notorious inertia, this strategy finally accomplished a significant unfolding of the students’ immediate interest and thence helped them attain a richer learning experience. The recommendations by the developers of Team-Based Learning served as basis for this implementation, which is laid out in protocol format for the present article and illustrated with examples from the themes proposed. The results from a survey on this implementation of Team-Based Learning, made available to the students, gave an important feedback for discussion of the strengths and weaknesses in the experience so far. Although this implementation arguably fulfils most of the core elements of the recommended Team-Based Learning procedure, considerations are made on the possible need to upgrade to a full implementation of Team-Based Learning in this course.
作者描述了部分实施基于团队的学习策略的经验,这是在进化生物学课程的背景下进行的,这是Évora大学本科生物学课程的必修部分。与之前试图让学生们从臭名昭著的惰性中解脱出来的尝试不同,这种策略最终极大地激发了学生们的直接兴趣,从而帮助他们获得了更丰富的学习经验。基于团队的学习(Team-Based Learning)开发人员提出的建议是这一实现的基础,本文以协议格式列出了这一实现,并通过所提出主题的示例进行了说明。一项针对团队学习实施情况的调查结果提供给了学生,为讨论迄今为止经验中的优缺点提供了重要反馈。虽然这种实现可以说满足了推荐的基于团队的学习过程的大部分核心要素,但在本课程中,考虑到可能需要升级到完全实现基于团队的学习。
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引用次数: 0
The Experiences of Foreign Faculty Working in Japanese Higher Education 外国教师在日本高等教育工作的经验
James P. Lassegard, M. Tajima
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引用次数: 0
Agricultural Higher Education and Training in Europe 欧洲农业高等教育与培训
L. Movchan, N. Komisarenko
{"title":"Agricultural Higher Education and Training in Europe","authors":"L. Movchan, N. Komisarenko","doi":"10.33422/icate.2019.04.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33422/icate.2019.04.269","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184797,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The International Conference on Advanced Research in Teaching and Education","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121790188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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Proceedings of The International Conference on Advanced Research in Teaching and Education
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