Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.2174/2210298103666221214165254
Haiyun Xu, Yali Cui, Linyun Ling, Qing-jun Huang
Clozapine (CLZ) is the only registered drug for treatment-resistant schizophrenia and is also associated with metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to examine the effects of CLZ on lipid metabolism in BRL-3A cells, measure possible effects of artesunate (ART) on the CLZ-induced alterations in lipid metabolism, and explore the molecular mechanism underlying the CLZ- and ART-induced changes in the cells. BRL-3A cells were cultured in DMEM at different conditions in the CLZ experiment (20, 30, or 40 μM CLZ), CLZ-ART experiment (40 μM CLZ followed by ART at 5, 10, or 20 μM), or CLZ-ART experiment consisting DMSO, CLZ, CLZ+ART, and ART groups. In addition to cell viability assessment, triglyceride, total and free cholesterol in BRL-3A cells were measured by biochemistry analyses, and levels of lipid metabolism-related genes and relevant proteins were evaluated by means of quantitative PCR and Western blot. CLZ in the used range increased levels of free and total cholesterol in BRL-3A while up-regulated mRNA levels of HMGCR, PPARα, and PPARγ. Moreover, the treatment increased SREBP-1c mRNA and protein levels in the cells, although it showed no impact on the phosphorylation of AMPK. ART treatment following CLZ exposure reversed the CLZ-induced high levels of free and total cholesterol in BRL-3A. ART effectively ameliorated or normalized the CLZ-induced changes in the HMGCR, PPARα, PPARγ, and SREBP-1c. Furthermore, ART increased AMPK phosphorylation in BRL-3A. These results suggest that ART exerts a cholesterol-lowering effect in BRL-3A by affecting the AMPK/SREBP-1c/PPARγ pathway.
{"title":"Artesunate Reverses Clozapine-induced Lipid Metabolism Disorder in BRL-3A Cells by Affecting AMPK Pathway","authors":"Haiyun Xu, Yali Cui, Linyun Ling, Qing-jun Huang","doi":"10.2174/2210298103666221214165254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210298103666221214165254","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Clozapine (CLZ) is the only registered drug for treatment-resistant schizophrenia and is also associated with metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aimed to examine the effects of CLZ on lipid metabolism in BRL-3A cells, measure possible effects of artesunate (ART) on the CLZ-induced alterations in lipid metabolism, and explore the molecular mechanism underlying the CLZ- and ART-induced changes in the cells.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000BRL-3A cells were cultured in DMEM at different conditions in the CLZ \u0000experiment (20, 30, or 40 μM CLZ), CLZ-ART experiment (40 μM CLZ followed by ART at 5, 10, or 20 μM), or CLZ-ART experiment consisting DMSO, CLZ, CLZ+ART, and ART groups. In addition to cell viability assessment, triglyceride, total and free cholesterol in BRL-3A cells were measured by biochemistry analyses, and levels of lipid metabolism-related genes and relevant proteins were evaluated by means of quantitative PCR and Western blot.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000CLZ in the used range increased levels of free and total cholesterol in BRL-3A while up-regulated mRNA levels of HMGCR, PPARα, and PPARγ. Moreover, the treatment increased SREBP-1c mRNA and protein levels in the cells, although it showed no impact on the phosphorylation of AMPK. ART treatment following CLZ exposure reversed the CLZ-induced high levels of free and total cholesterol in BRL-3A. ART effectively ameliorated or normalized the CLZ-induced changes in the HMGCR, PPARα, PPARγ, and SREBP-1c. Furthermore, ART increased AMPK phosphorylation in BRL-3A.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These results suggest that ART exerts a cholesterol-lowering effect in BRL-3A by affecting the AMPK/SREBP-1c/PPARγ pathway.\u0000","PeriodicalId":184819,"journal":{"name":"Current Chinese Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129730275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.2174/2210298103666221130101950
S. Dolgikh
Representations play an essential role in learning artificial and biological systems by producing informative structures associated with characteristic patterns in the sensory environment. In this work, we examined unsupervised latent representations of images of basic geometric shapes with neural network models of unsupervised generative self-learning. Unsupervised concept learning with generative neural network models. Investigation of structure, geometry and topology in the latent representations of generative models that emerge as a result of unsupervised self-learning with minimization of generative error. Examine the capacity of generative models to abstract and generalize essential data characteristics, including the type of shape, size, contrast, position and orientation. Generative neural network models, direct visualization, density clustering, and probing and scanning of latent positions and regions. Structural consistency of latent representations; geometrical and topological characteristics of latent representations examined and analysed with unsupervised methods. Development and verification of methods of unsupervised analysis of latent representations. Generative models can be instrumental in producing informative compact representations of complex sensory data correlated with characteristic patterns.
{"title":"Geometry and Topology of Conceptual Representations of Simple Visual Data","authors":"S. Dolgikh","doi":"10.2174/2210298103666221130101950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210298103666221130101950","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Representations play an essential role in learning artificial and biological systems by producing informative structures associated with characteristic patterns in the sensory environment. In this work, we examined unsupervised latent representations of images of basic geometric shapes with neural network models of unsupervised generative self-learning.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Unsupervised concept learning with generative neural network models.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Investigation of structure, geometry and topology in the latent representations of generative models that emerge as a result of unsupervised self-learning with minimization of generative error. Examine the capacity of generative models to abstract and generalize essential data characteristics, including the type of shape, size, contrast, position and orientation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Generative neural network models, direct visualization, density clustering, and probing and scanning of latent positions and regions.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Structural consistency of latent representations; geometrical and topological characteristics of latent representations examined and analysed with unsupervised methods. Development and verification of methods of unsupervised analysis of latent representations.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Generative models can be instrumental in producing informative compact representations of complex sensory data correlated with characteristic patterns.\u0000","PeriodicalId":184819,"journal":{"name":"Current Chinese Science","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132381369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.2174/2210298103666221125162959
Yingqi Tian, Hai-bo Ma
In the last decades, many algorithms have been developed to use high-performance computing (HPC) techniques to accelerate the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method, an effective method for solving large active space strong correlation problems. In this article, the previous DMRG parallelization algorithms at different levels of the parallelism are introduced. The heterogeneous computing acceleration methods and the mixed-precision implementation are also presented and discussed. This mini-review concludes with some summary and prospects for future works.
{"title":"High-Performance Computing for Density Matrix Renormalization Group","authors":"Yingqi Tian, Hai-bo Ma","doi":"10.2174/2210298103666221125162959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210298103666221125162959","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In the last decades, many algorithms have been developed to use high-performance computing (HPC) techniques to accelerate the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method, an effective method for solving large active space strong correlation problems. In this article, the previous DMRG parallelization algorithms at different levels of the parallelism are introduced. The heterogeneous computing acceleration methods and the mixed-precision implementation are also presented and discussed. This mini-review concludes with some summary and prospects for future works.\u0000","PeriodicalId":184819,"journal":{"name":"Current Chinese Science","volume":"231 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116855703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.2174/2210298103666221123090912
Dingyu Yang, Haoduo Jia, Xin Tang, Ming Li, Dai Wu, Peng Li, Jianxin Wang, Xing-hua Zhu
Absorbers are devices that internally consume electromagnetic waves to partially or completely attenuate them. The basic idea is to absorb electromagnetic radiation by resonating the intended surface with the incident electromagnetic waves. This article focuses on the development of the absorber. (from single-band to multi-band, narrow to broadband, non-tunable to tunable, and so on). The basic absorption principle of the current popular and excellent metamaterial graphene absorber is provided, as is the theoretical explanation of impedance matching and how to attain critical performance metrics like tunability, as well as prospects for terahertz（THz） absorber applications. Finally, numerous innovative absorbers are shown as examples, providing new ideas for future researchers.
{"title":"Review on terahertz metamaterial absorbers","authors":"Dingyu Yang, Haoduo Jia, Xin Tang, Ming Li, Dai Wu, Peng Li, Jianxin Wang, Xing-hua Zhu","doi":"10.2174/2210298103666221123090912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210298103666221123090912","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Absorbers are devices that internally consume electromagnetic waves to partially or completely attenuate them. The basic idea is to absorb electromagnetic radiation by resonating the intended surface with the incident electromagnetic waves. This article focuses on the development of the absorber. (from single-band to multi-band, narrow to broadband, non-tunable to tunable, and so on). The basic absorption principle of the current popular and excellent metamaterial graphene absorber is provided, as is the theoretical explanation of impedance matching and how to attain critical performance metrics like tunability, as well as prospects for terahertz（THz） absorber applications. Finally, numerous innovative absorbers are shown as examples, providing new ideas for future researchers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":184819,"journal":{"name":"Current Chinese Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122962295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accurate description of strongly correlated systems, also known as multireference systems, requires a balanced treatment of static and dynamic correlations and is an important target for developing quantum chemical methods. An appealing treatment to economically describe strongly correlated systems is the multireference density function theory (MRDFT) approach, in which the static correlation is included in the multiconfigurational wave function, while the density function includes the dynamic correlation. This mini-review focuses on the recent progress and applications of the density functional methods based on valence bond theory. A series of density functional valence bond (DFVB) methods are surveyed, including the dynamic correlation correction-based and Hamiltonian matrix correction-based DFVB methods, the hybrid one-parameter DFVB methods, the block-localized density functional theory and the multistate density functional theory. These methods have been applied to various chemical and physical property calculations of strongly correlated systems, including resonance energies, potential energy curves, spectroscopic constants, atomization energies, spin state energy gaps, excitation energies, and reaction barriers. Most of the test results show that the density functional methods based on VB theory give comparable accuracy but require lower computational cost than high-level quantum computational methods and thus provide a promising strategy for studying strongly correlated systems.
{"title":"Ab initio Valence Bond Theory with Density Functional","authors":"Wei Wu, Chen Zhou, Xun Wu, Peikun Zheng, Fuming Ying, Peifeng Su","doi":"10.2174/2210298103666221115115507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210298103666221115115507","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The accurate description of strongly correlated systems, also known as multireference systems, requires a balanced treatment of static and dynamic correlations and is an important target for developing quantum chemical methods. An appealing treatment to economically describe strongly correlated systems is the multireference density function theory (MRDFT) approach, in which the static correlation is included in the multiconfigurational wave function, while the density function includes the dynamic correlation. This mini-review focuses on the recent progress and applications of the density functional methods based on valence bond theory. A series of density functional valence bond (DFVB) methods are surveyed, including the dynamic correlation correction-based and Hamiltonian matrix correction-based DFVB methods, the hybrid one-parameter DFVB methods, the block-localized density functional theory and the multistate density functional theory. These methods have been applied to various chemical and physical property calculations of strongly correlated systems, including resonance energies, potential energy curves, spectroscopic constants, atomization energies, spin state energy gaps, excitation energies, and reaction barriers. Most of the test results show that the density functional methods based on VB theory give comparable accuracy but require lower computational cost than high-level quantum computational methods and thus provide a promising strategy for studying strongly correlated systems.\u0000","PeriodicalId":184819,"journal":{"name":"Current Chinese Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127848989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.2174/2210298103666221102092735
Hui Wang, Min Wang, Jingjing Wang
The correct method of using different reference electrodes and the stability after using for a long time were determined by experiments. We hope this work will help researchers correctly use reference electrodes to obtain more accurate results. some other reference electrodes are often used to calculate reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) potential in place of SHE potential because of the cumbersome process of making and testing a SHE. Notably, even in the same electrolyte, using different reference electrodes results in different results. For example, Ji et al. and Jiang et al. used a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method to prepare high-performance supercapacitors composed of Ni(OH)2 and 3D graphene composite materials. In their work, a platinum plate counter electrode and a 6 M KOH electrolyte were used. While the former measured a specific capacitance of 166 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g using an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, the latter obtained a specific capacitance of 1346 F/g at 0.5 A/g using a Hg/HgO reference electrode. The specific capacitance obtained by the two experiments was clearly different. Obviously, the difference between the two is caused by the use of different reference electrodes. In addition to the selection of the reference electrode, electrochemical test results are also related to the stability of the reference electrode itself, which affects the reliability of results obtained. However, this issue has not attracted the attention of researchers. Three commonly used reference electrodes (Hg/HgO, SCE, Ag/AgCl) were applied to different water-based electrolytes. Then, a long-term test for electrode stability was conducted. Finally, experiments were conducted that the influence of different reference electrodes on the characterization performance of the same material. In this study, three commonly used reference electrodes (Hg/HgO, Hg/Hg2Cl2 (SCE) and Ag/AgCl) are evaluated in electrochemical experiments with different solutions. First, experimental potentials of these reference electrodes are compared with their theoretically calculated potentials. Understanding the deviations of these electrodes will help the most suitable reference electrode be chosen. Second, reference electrodes with a double salt bridge were used to elucidate the specific mechanism of the stable potential of reference electrodes. Furthermore, the stability of reference electrodes was tested over time to investigate the life of reference electrodes and to ensure the correctness of their potentials. Finally, different electrodes were applied to analysis of the same real-life material to compare the results obtained. (i) In an aqueous alkaline electrolyte, the result was more accurate using the Hg/HgO electrode with a double salt bridge and a 6 M KOH electrolyte. In the aqueous acidic electrolyte, the SCE with the double salt bridge was suitable, and the electrolyte could be at relatively low concentrations of H2SO4 (0.1 M or 0.5 M).
{"title":"How to Choose Suitable Reference Electrode and Aqueous Electrolyte to Avoid Error in Electrochemical Measurements.","authors":"Hui Wang, Min Wang, Jingjing Wang","doi":"10.2174/2210298103666221102092735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210298103666221102092735","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The correct method of using different reference electrodes and the stability after using for a long time were determined by experiments. We hope this work will help researchers correctly use reference electrodes to obtain more accurate results.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000some other reference electrodes are often used to calculate reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) potential in place of SHE potential because of the cumbersome process of making and testing a SHE. Notably, even in the same electrolyte, using different reference electrodes results in different results. For example, Ji et al. and Jiang et al. used a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method to prepare high-performance supercapacitors composed of Ni(OH)2 and 3D graphene composite materials. In their work, a platinum plate counter electrode and a 6 M KOH electrolyte were used. While the former measured a specific capacitance of 166 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g using an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, the latter obtained a specific capacitance of 1346 F/g at 0.5 A/g using a Hg/HgO reference electrode. The specific capacitance obtained by the two experiments was clearly different. Obviously, the difference between the two is caused by the use of different reference electrodes. In addition to the selection of the reference electrode, electrochemical test results are also related to the stability of the reference electrode itself, which affects the reliability of results obtained. However, this issue has not attracted the attention of researchers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Three commonly used reference electrodes (Hg/HgO, SCE, Ag/AgCl) were applied to different water-based electrolytes. Then, a long-term test for electrode stability was conducted. Finally, experiments were conducted that the influence of different reference electrodes on the characterization performance of the same material.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study, three commonly used reference electrodes (Hg/HgO, Hg/Hg2Cl2 (SCE) and Ag/AgCl) are evaluated in electrochemical experiments with different solutions. First, experimental potentials of these reference electrodes are compared with their theoretically calculated potentials. Understanding the deviations of these electrodes will help the most suitable reference electrode be chosen. Second, reference electrodes with a double salt bridge were used to elucidate the specific mechanism of the stable potential of reference electrodes. Furthermore, the stability of reference electrodes was tested over time to investigate the life of reference electrodes and to ensure the correctness of their potentials. Finally, different electrodes were applied to analysis of the same real-life material to compare the results obtained.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000(i) In an aqueous alkaline electrolyte, the result was more accurate using the Hg/HgO electrode with a double salt bridge and a 6 M KOH electrolyte. In the aqueous acidic electrolyte, the SCE with the double salt bridge was suitable, and the electrolyte could be at relatively low concentrations of H2SO4 (0.1 M or 0.5 M).","PeriodicalId":184819,"journal":{"name":"Current Chinese Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124766513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.2174/2210298102666220928153358
D. Lu
Professor Bin Xu was a pioneer pharmacologist of People’s Republic of China, especially anti-cancer drug pharmacology. His expertise ranged from drug efficacy screening, molecular biology, drug targeting and clinical applications. As one of the legendary figures (highest-ranking scientist of pharmacology in China), his contributions to the Chinese pharmacology and pharmaceutical industry were enormous and far-reaching. His long scientific career has greatly contributed and has a strong impact on People’s Republic of China. This article describes the engagement and major contributions of Prof Xu (including childhood history, medical experience, experimental work, pharmacology investigations, graduate education, clinical studies, major scientific contributions, social engagements, and global influence). It is necessary to review his invaluable contributions to China and find new light for the Chinese pharmaceutical industry.
{"title":"Professor Bin Xu, a Legendary Pharmacologist in People’s Republic of China","authors":"D. Lu","doi":"10.2174/2210298102666220928153358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210298102666220928153358","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Professor Bin Xu was a pioneer pharmacologist of People’s Republic of China, especially anti-cancer drug pharmacology. His expertise ranged from drug efficacy screening, molecular biology, drug targeting and clinical applications. As one of the legendary figures (highest-ranking scientist of pharmacology in China), his contributions to the Chinese pharmacology and pharmaceutical industry were enormous and far-reaching. His long scientific career has greatly contributed and has a strong impact on People’s Republic of China. This article describes the engagement and major contributions of Prof Xu (including childhood history, medical experience, experimental work, pharmacology investigations, graduate education, clinical studies, major scientific contributions, social engagements, and global influence). It is necessary to review his invaluable contributions to China and find new light for the Chinese pharmaceutical industry.\u0000","PeriodicalId":184819,"journal":{"name":"Current Chinese Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128864563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.2174/2210298102666220927100443
Cui Zhang, Liya Liu, Siying Guo, Benyao Duan
The shoot apical meristem of seed plants gives rise to the above-ground parts of the plants during development, including leaves, stems, and lateral meristems. Among them, two types of meristems, axillary meristem and vascular cambium, support the main lateral growth. In this review, we will discuss the regulatory network of lateral growth focusing on recent progress made mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato and maize, including the identification of genes and their roles in controlling lateral meristems. In addition, we will summarize the latest evidence about how meristem affects yield related traits, and discuss the strategies of modulating meristem regulatory genes, so as to increase crop yield in agriculture.
{"title":"Axillary Meristem Development in Plants","authors":"Cui Zhang, Liya Liu, Siying Guo, Benyao Duan","doi":"10.2174/2210298102666220927100443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210298102666220927100443","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The shoot apical meristem of seed plants gives rise to the above-ground parts of the plants during development, including leaves, stems, and lateral meristems. Among them, two types of meristems, axillary meristem and vascular cambium, support the main lateral growth. In this review, we will discuss the regulatory network of lateral growth focusing on recent progress made mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato and maize, including the identification of genes and their roles in controlling lateral meristems. In addition, we will summarize the latest evidence about how meristem affects yield related traits, and discuss the strategies of modulating meristem regulatory genes, so as to increase crop yield in agriculture.\u0000","PeriodicalId":184819,"journal":{"name":"Current Chinese Science","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124104062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.2174/2210298102666220921111851
Ruquan Liang, Aiying Zhang
The pellet shaft furnace is widely used to roast pellets which is essential to the blast furnace burden structure, while the study on the roasting process in the pellet shaft furnace is very critical for obtaining the high quality pellets. A theoretical model of pellet roasting process in the pellet furnace (8 m2) has been developed on the basis of the reaction engineering. The present study aims at investigating the roasting process in the pellet shaft furnace by taking into account of gas flow and heat transfer so that a reasonable structural design for the shaft furnace can be reached. A numerical model for a 8m2 pellet shaft furnace has been developed on the basis of the reaction engineering by taking into account of gas flow, heat exchange between pellets and gas, and oxidation reaction of pellets. The results show that four reaction zones (preheating, roasting, soaking, and cooling) exist obviously in the pellet shaft furnace. About 80% coolant gas flows through the gas coolant passage in the roasting zone, and the non-uniformity of coolant gas in the cooling zone exists under normal operative conditions. Furthermore, effects of some operation conditions on the distributions of process variables in the furnace are also examined. The numerical results are in agreement with industrial experiment results. The results reveals that the nonuniform flow of gas occurs in the cooling zone. The nonuniform flow of gas affects greatly cooling effect. The present results can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of furnace process, the optimization of operation and the rational design of furnace shape. At the same time, The present work is helpful to realize the automatic control and computer management of furnace production. In the future, the movement of pellets should be observed by means of visualized model experiment to verify that the desending movement of pellets is approximately a potential flow in the furnace and piston flow except for the cooling zone. In addition, the experimental study of a single pellet under a widely varying range of conditions should be carried out to investigate the controlling step of oxidation reaction for pellets in the furnace.
{"title":"Roasting process in a pellet shaft furnace","authors":"Ruquan Liang, Aiying Zhang","doi":"10.2174/2210298102666220921111851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210298102666220921111851","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The pellet shaft furnace is widely used to roast pellets which is essential to the blast furnace burden structure, while the study on the roasting process in the pellet shaft furnace is very critical for obtaining the high quality pellets.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A theoretical model of pellet roasting process in the pellet furnace (8 m2) has been developed on the basis of the reaction engineering. The present study aims at investigating the roasting process in the pellet shaft furnace by taking into account of gas flow and heat transfer so that a reasonable structural design for the shaft furnace can be reached.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A numerical model for a 8m2 pellet shaft furnace has been developed on the basis of the reaction engineering by taking into account of gas flow, heat exchange between pellets and gas, and oxidation reaction of pellets.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results show that four reaction zones (preheating, roasting, soaking, and cooling) exist obviously in the pellet shaft furnace. About 80% coolant gas flows through the gas coolant passage in the roasting zone, and the non-uniformity of coolant gas in the cooling zone exists under normal operative conditions. Furthermore, effects of some operation conditions on the distributions of process variables in the furnace are also examined. The numerical results are in agreement with industrial experiment results.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results reveals that the nonuniform flow of gas occurs in the cooling zone. The nonuniform flow of gas affects greatly cooling effect. The present results can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of furnace process, the optimization of operation and the rational design of furnace shape. At the same time, The present work is helpful to realize the automatic control and computer management of furnace production. In the future, the movement of pellets should be observed by means of visualized model experiment to verify that the desending movement of pellets is approximately a potential flow in the furnace and piston flow except for the cooling zone. In addition, the experimental study of a single pellet under a widely varying range of conditions should be carried out to investigate the controlling step of oxidation reaction for pellets in the furnace.\u0000","PeriodicalId":184819,"journal":{"name":"Current Chinese Science","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125869869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.2174/2210298102666220920104702
M. Zheng, Jie Yu
Many drug research problems are multi-objective optimization ones, such as drug efficacy evaluation, etc. The new concept of preferable probability was introduced in the probability based multi – attribute optimization (PMAO) to reflect the preferable degree of the candidate, which aimed to solve the inherent problems of subjective factors and additive algorithms in other methods. Furthermore, some medical prolems including optimizations of prescriptions of drug extraction are dealt with by using PMAO impersonally. The optimizations of prescriptions of drug extraction and the compatibility of the traditional Chinese medicine design, and the schemes chosen in medical treatment for the cure of non-small cell lung cancer are conducted by means of PMAO. All performance utility indicators of candidates are divided into beneficial or unbeneficial types, and consistently treated in the scheme selection; each performance utility indicator contributes a partial preferable probability quantitatively, and the product of all partial preferable probabilities makes the total preferable probability of a candidate, which thus transfers the multi – object optimization problem into a single – object optimization one and is the uniquely decisive index in the selection process. 1. The drug extraction conditions from schisandra fruit are at 526.79w microwave power, 75.89% ethanol concentration, 5min extraction time, 12 times ethanol consumption, and 80 mesh pulverization degree; 2. The optimal compatibility of Lingguishugan Decoction is with Poria 18g, Guizhi 13.5g, Atractylodes 13.5g, and Licorice 3g; 3. The pemetrexed is the appropriate treatment for the commonly used chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma comparatively. This study indicates the applicability of the PMAO in scheme selection of formulation of prescription and medical treatment.
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