Metabolic engineering最新文献

{"title":"Metabolic flux and resource balance in the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides","authors":"Eric J. Mooney ,&nbsp;Patrick F. Suthers ,&nbsp;Wheaton L. Schroeder ,&nbsp;Hoang V. Dinh ,&nbsp;Xi Li ,&nbsp;Yihui Shen ,&nbsp;Tianxia Xiao ,&nbsp;Catherine M. Call ,&nbsp;Heide Baron ,&nbsp;Arjuna M. Subramanian ,&nbsp;Daniel R. Weilandt ,&nbsp;Felix C. Keber ,&nbsp;Martin Wühr ,&nbsp;Joshua D. Rabinowitz ,&nbsp;Costas D. Maranas","doi":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The yeast <em>Rhodotorula toruloides</em> is a promising bioproduction organism due to its high lipid yields and ability to grow on cheap and abundant substrates. Quantitative, systems-level assessment of its metabolic activity is accordingly merited. Resource-balance analysis (RBA) models capture not only reaction stoichiometry but also enzyme requirements for catalysis, providing valuable tools for understanding metabolic trade-offs and optimizing metabolic engineering strategies. Here, we present systems-level measurements of <em>R. toruloides</em> metabolic flux based on isotope tracing and metabolic flux analysis. In combination with new proteomic measurements, these flux data are used to parameterize a genome-scale resource balance model rtRBA. We find that <em>S. cerevisiae</em> and <em>R. toruloides</em> grow at nearly indistinguishable rates using similar biosynthetic but dramatically different central metabolic programs. <em>R. toruloides</em> consumes one-fifth as much glucose, which it metabolizes primarily via the pentose phosphate pathway and TCA cycle unlike primarily glycolysis in <em>S. cerevisiae.</em> Overall, across these two divergent yeasts, protein abundances aligned more closely than metabolic flux. Resource balance modeling of these metabolic programs predicts superior theoretical yields but lower productivities in <em>R. toruloides</em> than <em>S. cerevisiae</em> for industrial chemicals, highlighting the value of rapid glucose uptake for productivity but respiratory metabolism for yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18483,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic engineering","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 169-181"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the itaconic acid pathway dynamics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","authors":"Roy Eerlings ,&nbsp;Tobias Karmainski ,&nbsp;Andreas Müsgens ,&nbsp;Philipp Demling ,&nbsp;Samira van den Bogaard ,&nbsp;Makarius Baier ,&nbsp;Alexander Deitert ,&nbsp;Amila Vejzovic ,&nbsp;Vanessa Veccari ,&nbsp;Lillith Yöndem ,&nbsp;Tobias Alter ,&nbsp;Lars M. Blank","doi":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Itaconic acid, a versatile platform chemical, has garnered significant attention due to its broad use in polymers, resins, and bio-based materials. Although fungi, especially <em>Aspergillus</em> and <em>Ustilago</em>, are the main producers of itaconic acid, reprogramming yeast species like <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> and <em>Yarrowia lipolytica</em> as alternative production platforms offers advantages for industrial bioproduction, including rapid growth, accessible genetic tools, and well-established fermentation methods. In this study, we systematically investigated the fungal itaconic acid pathway dynamics in <em>S. cerevisiae</em>, identifying the <em>Ustilago</em> metabolic route and mitochondrial transport mechanism as the most efficient. Notably, the heterologous produced itaconic acid was predominantly secreted by the yeast transformants. With <em>in silico</em> methods, we confirmed the role of Aqr1p, Dtr1p, and Qdr3p in itaconic acid transport in <em>S. cerevisiae</em>. Significant increases in itaconic acid biosynthesis were obtained when the main promiscuous itaconic acid transporter Dtr1p was swapped with the specialized <em>Ustilago</em> itaconic acid transporter Itp1, reaching titers of up to 1.3 g/L in shake flask cultivations. Transferring to 3.8 L bioreactor fermentations achieved a final titer of 4.7 g/L, the highest itaconic acid titer reported in <em>S. cerevisiae</em> to date. Although current yeast production levels are still below those of natural fungal producers, the molecular and mechanistic insights gained here are useful for improving itaconic acid biosynthesis, both in yeast and in the existing fungal production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18483,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic engineering","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 110-123"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145559771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model-guided metabolic engineering of 2-phenylethanol in Arabidopsis","authors":"Joseph H. Lynch ,&nbsp;Shaunak Ray ,&nbsp;Clint Chapple ,&nbsp;Natalia Dudareva ,&nbsp;John A. Morgan","doi":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is a natural aromatic compound with properties that make it a potential biological oxygenate for petroleum-derived gasoline. In plants, 2-PE biosynthesis competes with the phenylpropanoid pathway for the common precursor, phenylalanine (Phe). The phenylpropanoid pathway directs significant carbon flux towards the formation of lignin, a major biopolymer in plant cell walls that impedes the process of biofuel production. Prior genetic engineering in Arabidopsis used acetaldehyde synthase (AAS) in tandem with phenylacetaldehyde reductase (PAR) to redirect part of the carbon flux from lignin towards 2-PE production as a value-added product. To identify the bottleneck(s) in 2-PE biosynthesis, we established a baseline by generating transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing AAS and PAR. Next, fluxes to 2-PE and lignin were calculated based on the time course of isotopic enrichment of downstream metabolites after feeding with ¹³C₆-ring labeled Phe, which revealed a limitation in Phe precursor availability. To increase substrate availability in plants, we tested two independent strategies by crossing lines with the highest <em>AAS/PAR</em> expression to: (1) Arabidopsis overexpressing a feedback-insensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase known to increase Phe production, and (2) the <em>pal1/pal2</em> double mutant known to reduce the activity of the competing enzyme, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). Although both strategies increased 2-PE production in both Arabidopsis stem and leaves, the second strategy had a higher impact. To identify additional metabolic targets, we performed a metabolic control analysis, which revealed that the plastidial Phe transporter limits flux towards 2-PE formation. To avoid this transport step, the PAR/AAS tandem construct was fused to a sequence encoding a chloroplast signal peptide to target 2-PE biosynthesis to plastids. The direct availability of Phe to AAS in plastids combined with the lack of competition with cytosolic PAL resulted in significantly elevated 2-PE levels. Thus, integrating metabolic control analysis with experimental validation of model predictions establishes a foundation for the rational engineering of 2-PE in plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18483,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic engineering","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 124-135"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145567417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing arabinose-based bioproduction in Yarrowia lipolytica by integrating metabolic engineering and adaptive laboratory evolution","authors":"Razieh Rafieenia ,&nbsp;Jing Fu ,&nbsp;Piotr Hapeta ,&nbsp;Marko Storch ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro","doi":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oleaginous yeast, <em>Yarrowia lipolytica</em> has gained interest as a biotechnological chassis to produce foods, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. To reduce production costs and sustainability, inexpensive and abundant feedstocks such as lignocellulose must be used for bioproduction. Since lignocellulosic biomass contains components that cannot be utilised by <em>Y. lipolytica</em>, it is important to use engineering biology to enable their utilisation. L-arabinose is the second most abundant pentose in lignocellulose after xylose. However, it has received much less attention than xylose as a bioresource. In the present study, we first engineered <em>Y. lipolytica</em> to grow on L-arabinose as the sole carbon source. We used several wild-type and engineered strains to express the multigene arabinose cassette. Second, we used adaptive laboratory evolution to improve the utilisation of arabinose by the engineered strains. Third, we enabled the production of β-carotene from arabinose by expressing a β-carotene cassette in the evolved strain. Using minimal YNB medium supplemented with 20 g/l of arabinose as the sole carbon source resulted in the complete utilisation of L-arabinose within 120 h. In bioreactors, a β-carotene production of 418.89 mg/l was achieved with the complete utilisation of 60 g/l of L-arabinose. This study is the first to engineer L-arabinose utilisation in <em>Y. lipolytica</em>, opening new avenues for biomanufacturing using alternative carbon sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18483,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic engineering","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining HexR regulatory landscape in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 through integrative systems biology","authors":"Linh Khanh Nong,&nbsp;Chandran Sathesh-Prabu,&nbsp;Sung Kuk Lee,&nbsp;Donghyuk Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pseudomonas putida</em> strains are prized biocatalysts, renowned for their versatility in degrading diverse chemicals, tolerating organic solvents, and withstanding environmental stressors. Central to their adaptive success is the precise regulation of primary carbon metabolism, with HexR emerging as a key regulator. While previous research has explored HexR binding through <em>in vitro</em> assays and comparative transcriptomics, the <em>in vivo</em> binding sites and genome-scale regulon remain uncharted. This study presents a comparative analysis of <em>P. putida</em> KT2440, comparing expression profiles of wild-type and <em>hexR</em> deletion mutant strains across distinct growth substrates: glucose (glycolytic), acetate, succinate (gluconeogenic), and glycerol (inducing both metabolic responses). Our findings revealed an extensive regulatory role of HexR in acetate metabolism, simultaneously suppressing the glycolytic pathway while enhancing pyruvate metabolism, glyoxylate shunt, and gluconeogenesis to support growth. Integration of ChIP-exo data identified 29 HexR binding locations in the KT2440 strain grown on acetate, directly regulating 75 genes. Complementing these findings, model-based <em>in silico</em> simulations provided contextual insight into metabolic flux states, deepening our understanding of carbon metabolism orchestrated by this transcription factor. This study thus offers a holistic view of the HexR regulatory landscape, highlighting its relevance in <em>P. putida</em> KT2440 metabolism and laying the groundwork for future metabolic engineering efforts in this versatile organism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18483,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic engineering","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 77-89"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145536219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteome constrained metabolic modeling of Sus scrofa muscle stem cells for cultured meat production","authors":"Sizhe Qiu ,&nbsp;Eliska Kratochvilova ,&nbsp;Wei E. Huang ,&nbsp;Zhanfeng Cui ,&nbsp;Tom Agnew ,&nbsp;Aidong Yang ,&nbsp;Hua Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.ymben.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymben.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cultured meat has recently emerged as a sustainable alternative to traditional livestock farming and gained attention as a promising future protein source. Herein, the <em>Sus scrofa</em> muscle stem cell is a commonly used cell source in the cell proliferation step of cultured meat production. However, a major bottleneck of large-scale cultivation is the inhibition by secreted and accumulated lactate and ammonium in the process of <em>S. scrofa</em> cell proliferation. To simulate the growth and metabolism of <em>S. scrofa</em> muscle stem cells under different lactate and ammonium concentrations, this study constructed the first proteome constrained metabolic model for the core metabolism of <em>S. scrofa</em> muscle stem cells, pcPigMNet 2025. The relationship of lactate and ammonium levels with cellular metabolism was derived from growth and metabolomics data of two culture conditions with low and high initial ammonium concentrations, and then incorporated into metabolic flux simulation. Metabolic flux simulations for experimental conditions, along with perturbation simulations considering stressed non-growth associated maintenance and oxygen supply, demonstrated that pcPigMNet2025 could effectively characterize the response of the <em>S. scrofa</em> muscle stem cell's growth and metabolism to varying environmental conditions, shedding light on model-aided control and optimization of the cultured meat production process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18483,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic engineering","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 252-263"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-driven optimization of metabolic balance for β-carotene production","authors":"Weiming Tu ,&nbsp;Jiabao Xu ,&nbsp;Yongshuo Ma ,&nbsp;Constantinos Katsimpouras ,&nbsp;Gregory Stephanopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Balancing metabolic pathways is critical for engineering microbial platforms to efficiently and robustly synthesize value-added bioproducts. In the oleaginous yeast <em>Yarrowia lipolytica</em> engineered for β-carotene production, lipid synthesis supports carotenoid storage but also competes with carotenoid synthesis for cellular resources, necessitating precise regulation for optimal resource allocation. In this study, we establish a machine learning framework that captures the complex interactions among three key metabolic modules for β-carotene synthesis: the mevalonate pathway (precursor supply for β-carotene), lipid synthesis (storage capacity), and the β-carotene synthetic cluster (product formation). This computational framework enables the prediction of β-carotene output based on gene combinations and guides iterative gene integration strategies across these interconnected pathways to optimize production. Using this approach, the best-performing strain YLT226 achieved a 7-fold increase in β-carotene titer compared to the initial strain YLT001 through nine rounds of guided gene integration. This work provides a promising strategy for understanding and engineering metabolic flux distributions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18483,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic engineering","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 192-201"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of unique genes in cyanobacterial alkane synthesis","authors":"Humaira Parveen ,&nbsp;Vineesha Garg ,&nbsp;Piyush Pachauri ,&nbsp;Mohd Azeem Khan ,&nbsp;Syed Shams Yazdani","doi":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Alkanes are considered among the most promising candidates for next-generation biofuels. Amongst various pathways discovered for alkane production, the cyanobacterial AAR (acyl ACP reductase) - ADO (aldehyde deformylating oxygenase) pathway has been the most studied pathway. Considering that cyanobacteria have the innate ability to produce alkanes, they can serve as an excellent chassis for sustainable biofuel production. In the first report of the AAR-ADO pathway, it was recorded that there are 17 unique genes present in the genome of only alkane-producing cyanobacteria. However, except for the role of AAR and ADO, none of the other genes have been implicated in alkane production so far. In this study, we performed overexpression and/or deletion of all 17 unique genes in &lt;em&gt;Synechococcus elongatus&lt;/em&gt; PCC7942 and evaluated their role in growth, photosynthetic efficiency and alkane production. Based on the essentiality feature of genes in the cell survival of PCC7942, 9 essential genes were overexpressed, and 8 non-essential genes were knocked out in PCC7942. Among the essential genes that made a significant impact on alkane production, the overexpression of &lt;em&gt;Synpcc7942_1772&lt;/em&gt; (encoding small subunit ribosomal protein) and &lt;em&gt;Synpcc7942_2212&lt;/em&gt; (encoding large subunit ribosomal protein) led to ∼3.3-fold and ∼4.1-fold increased alkane production, respectively, suggesting a previously unrecognized link between translational machinery and metabolic pathway, while co-expression of &lt;em&gt;aar&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ado&lt;/em&gt; together increased alkane production by ∼5-fold. For the non-essential genes, the deletion of &lt;em&gt;Synpcc7942_0452&lt;/em&gt; (encoding hypothetical protein), &lt;em&gt;Synpcc7942_1223&lt;/em&gt; (encoding DevC), and &lt;em&gt;Synpcc7942_1918&lt;/em&gt; (encoding UDP‐glucose: tetrahydro biopterin glucosyltransferase) led to the complete abolition of alkane production, indicating their critical roles. On the other hand, the deletion of &lt;em&gt;Synpcc7942_0544&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Synpcc7942_0619,&lt;/em&gt; both encoding hypothetical proteins, led to a ∼5.6-fold and ∼4.4-fold increase in intracellular alkane production, respectively. Measurement of photosynthetic efficiency via Dual PAM (Pulse-Amplitude Modulated) fluorometry revealed a correlation between higher alkane production and increased photosynthetic efficiency, which the genome-scale metabolic model of PCC7942 also validated. Upon further detailed investigation of the genes making a large impact on alkane production, we identified &lt;em&gt;Synpcc7942_0619&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Synpcc7942_1223&lt;/em&gt; gene products as potential transporters based on the AlphaFold structure model and TMHMM (Transmembrane Hidden Markov Model) plot. The &lt;em&gt;Synpcc7942_0619&lt;/em&gt; encodes a DedA family transporter whose overexpression led to ∼1.5-fold higher extracellular alkane production, while deletion had a reverse effect. On the other hand, &lt;em&gt;Synpcc7942_1223&lt;/em&gt; encodes the DevC component of the tripartite efflux system, whose overexpression inc","PeriodicalId":18483,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic engineering","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 136-152"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145611806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De novo production of 1,3-olein-2-palmitin (OPO) and 1-olein-2-palmitin-3-linolein (OPL) by multiplexed reconstruction of lipid metabolism in yeasts","authors":"Chenyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Jiahui Yu ,&nbsp;Yaokang Wu ,&nbsp;Yanfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Jianghua Li ,&nbsp;Guocheng Du ,&nbsp;Jian Chen ,&nbsp;Tongcheng Xu ,&nbsp;Xueqin Lv ,&nbsp;Xianhao Xu ,&nbsp;Long Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human milk fats (HMFs) could facilitate nutrient absorption in the infant gut, with 1,3-olein-2-palmitin (OPO) and 1-olein-2-palmitin-3-linolein (OPL) being the most abundant components. The construction of microbial cell factories has garnered significant interest due to their potential to synthesize HMFs from cheap raw materials. However, the substrate preference of endogenous triglyceride (TAG) synthases and the complex fatty acid (FA) composition limit OPO and OPL synthesis. This study developed a microbial cell factory for OPO and OPL production by reconstructing and fine-tuning the lipid metabolic network in <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>. First, the TAG biosynthesis pathway of <em>S</em>. <em>cerevisiae</em> was reconstructed, resulting in more than 70 % of palmitic acid (C16:0) in TAG being esterified to the <em>sn</em>-2 position, while simultaneously achieving <em>de novo</em> OPO synthesis. Further optimization of intracellular FA composition improved the OPO proportion in TAG to 26.59 %. <em>De novo</em> synthesis of OPL was achieved by introducing a heterologous synthesis pathway of linoleic acid (C18:2). A push-pull strategy was employed to promote FA and TAG synthesis, resulting in a 3.86-fold increase in TAG production and reaching 81.2 mg/g dry cell weight in shake flask. In a 3-L bioreactor, the engineered strain HF-35 achieved OPO and OPL titers of 85.68 mg/L and 162.30 mg/L, respectively, representing the highest reported titers of OPO and OPL using glucose as the substrate to date. This study demonstrated that regulating lipid metabolism is an effective strategy for specific TAG synthesis and lays the foundation for large-scale production of OPO and OPL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18483,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic engineering","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145447230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An automated platform for accelerating and focusing adaptive laboratory evolution","authors":"Peter Ruppen ,&nbsp;Maximilian Ole Bahls ,&nbsp;Michael Sebastian Gerlt ,&nbsp;Martin Peter Edelmann ,&nbsp;Tania Michelle Roberts ,&nbsp;Philippe Marlière ,&nbsp;Sven Panke","doi":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymben.2025.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rate of change in adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE), in which a population of microorganisms is continuously cultivated under a specific selective pressure, is controlled by the cellular mutagenesis rate and the randomness of where in the genetic material mutations are introduced. The constant selection pressure makes it a crucial, yet slow, method in developing microorganisms with novel phenotypes for which a rational engineering pathway is either too complex or unknown.</div><div>A variety of targeted genome editing methods to accelerate evolution and facilitate the engineering of complex novel traits are available. However, these protocols require (nearly) as many successive transformation steps as loci they target, leaving the actual engineering process quite labor-intense, cumbersome, and at odds with the continuous nature of ALE. Here, we provide a fully integrated microfluidic platform that automates and accelerates bacterial transformation by electroporation to the mere push of a button. We demonstrate the functionality and effect by using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis in an ALE experiment to accelerate the engineering of riboflavin prototrophy into <em>Escherichia coli</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18483,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic engineering","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 241-251"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145845093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}