Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1177/00258024231206863
Silvia Marcó-García, Natalia Ribas-Muñoz, Georgina Guilera, Sol Balsells-Mejía, Elena Huerta-Ramos
In 2013, Spain aligned its capacity modification processes (CM) legislation with the UN Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities, specifically for individuals with severe mental disorders (SMD). The reforms replaced incapacity verdicts with support provision and introduced the term "CM". However, the social impact of these changes remains uncertain. The RECAPACITA project was initiated to generate knowledge on SMD and CM, and this study aims to investigate modifications in CM sentences and associated terminology. Using a qualitative-quantitative methodology, content analysis was conducted on 56 sentences from individuals with SMD. Terminology analysis utilized 19 sentences to achieve information saturation. A comparison was made between sentences prior to 2013 and those spanning 2014 to 2023, analyzing the data through ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (significance level: 0.05). The analysis revealed that psychiatric illness, its evolution, lack of self-governance, and economic management were frequently mentioned aspects in the sentences. However, no significant correlations were found. Qualitatively, mentions of self-governance were more prevalent in sentences before 2013. Conversely, after 2013, there was an increased focus on substances use, lack of insight and medical adherence, and the need for support in daily life. The term "incapable person" appeared in 100% of the sentences, indicating no differences in terminology. The study suggests that current CM sentences provide increasingly individualized information, addressing the specific support needs of individuals. To enhance future legal proceedings, incorporating neuroscience in studying SMD individuals and reconsidering terminology based on Convention guidelines is recommended.
{"title":"RECAPACITA PROJECT: Impact of the New York Convention on capacity modification judgments in persons with severe mental disorders: A comparative study using mixed methodology.","authors":"Silvia Marcó-García, Natalia Ribas-Muñoz, Georgina Guilera, Sol Balsells-Mejía, Elena Huerta-Ramos","doi":"10.1177/00258024231206863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024231206863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2013, Spain aligned its capacity modification processes (CM) legislation with the UN Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities, specifically for individuals with severe mental disorders (SMD). The reforms replaced incapacity verdicts with support provision and introduced the term \"CM\". However, the social impact of these changes remains uncertain. The RECAPACITA project was initiated to generate knowledge on SMD and CM, and this study aims to investigate modifications in CM sentences and associated terminology. Using a qualitative-quantitative methodology, content analysis was conducted on 56 sentences from individuals with SMD. Terminology analysis utilized 19 sentences to achieve information saturation. A comparison was made between sentences prior to 2013 and those spanning 2014 to 2023, analyzing the data through ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (significance level: 0.05). The analysis revealed that psychiatric illness, its evolution, lack of self-governance, and economic management were frequently mentioned aspects in the sentences. However, no significant correlations were found. Qualitatively, mentions of self-governance were more prevalent in sentences before 2013. Conversely, after 2013, there was an increased focus on substances use, lack of insight and medical adherence, and the need for support in daily life. The term \"incapable person\" appeared in 100% of the sentences, indicating no differences in terminology. The study suggests that current CM sentences provide increasingly individualized information, addressing the specific support needs of individuals. To enhance future legal proceedings, incorporating neuroscience in studying SMD individuals and reconsidering terminology based on Convention guidelines is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41204769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01Epub Date: 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1177/00258024231154220
Ken Inoue, Yasuyuki Fujita, Noriyuki Kawano, Tatsushige Fukunaga
In Japan, the first General Principles of Suicide Prevention (ver. 1.) was approved by the Cabinet in June 2007, and it has been reviewed every 5 years since, i.e., in August 2012 (ver. 2) and July 2017 (ver. 3). The latest/fourth version of the General Principles of Suicide Prevention (ver. 4) was approved by the Cabinet in October 2022. Suicide by women and young people has increased in recent years, and the fourth version of the General Principles proposes enhanced measures to prevent suicide among those populations. We have also cited the need to promote efforts measures to prevent suicide among people who live alone. All four versions of the General Principles of Suicide Prevention include a suggestion describing the need for "research to elucidate the circumstances of suicide. Since version 3, the category “promoting research to help promote general principles of suicide prevention” has included “in conjunction with a system to determine the cause of death.” The first Plan to Promote Determination of the Cause of Death was approved by the Cabinet in June 2014, and the latest version of this Plan was approved in June 2021. In order to promote the determination of causes of death, accurate cause-of-death statistics must be obtained. Several years have passed since the suggestionwasmade to ascertain the circumstances of suicide in conjunction with a system to determine causes of death; however, sufficient preparations are yet to be made, and apparently more time is necessary until such a system is definitively implemented. In order to implement preventive measures in accordance with the circumstances of suicide, studies of suicide prevention measures that are based on motives for suicide are necessary, as such motives would be closely associated with the determination of the circumstances of suicide. Two sets of suicide statistics are published in Japan: statistics reported by the National Police Agency (NPA), and the Vital Statistics reported by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Only the statistics reported by the NPA list the motive for suicide. Prior to 2006, the NPA statistics provided a presumed motive for each suicide based on a suicide note or other corroborating documents, and since 2007 the NPA has provided up to three motives for suicide. The current statistics better reflect the reasons for suicide compared to the previous statistics, but the main motive for many suicides cannot be ascertained. It would thus be helpful to refer to both the currently reported statistics on suicide motives and previous statistics indicating the main motive in order to devise effective measures for the prevention of suicide. Urgently needed measures to prevent suicide could be devised by compiling a statistical report on the motives for suicide as reported by the NPA, and this compilation could be done promptly. In order to implement truly effective measures to prevent suicide, the medical system (social medicine, basic medicine, and clinical
{"title":"Creating a system to quickly determine cause of death, and efforts that should be made to elucidate the circumstances of suicides.","authors":"Ken Inoue, Yasuyuki Fujita, Noriyuki Kawano, Tatsushige Fukunaga","doi":"10.1177/00258024231154220","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231154220","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, the first General Principles of Suicide Prevention (ver. 1.) was approved by the Cabinet in June 2007, and it has been reviewed every 5 years since, i.e., in August 2012 (ver. 2) and July 2017 (ver. 3). The latest/fourth version of the General Principles of Suicide Prevention (ver. 4) was approved by the Cabinet in October 2022. Suicide by women and young people has increased in recent years, and the fourth version of the General Principles proposes enhanced measures to prevent suicide among those populations. We have also cited the need to promote efforts measures to prevent suicide among people who live alone. All four versions of the General Principles of Suicide Prevention include a suggestion describing the need for \"research to elucidate the circumstances of suicide. Since version 3, the category “promoting research to help promote general principles of suicide prevention” has included “in conjunction with a system to determine the cause of death.” The first Plan to Promote Determination of the Cause of Death was approved by the Cabinet in June 2014, and the latest version of this Plan was approved in June 2021. In order to promote the determination of causes of death, accurate cause-of-death statistics must be obtained. Several years have passed since the suggestionwasmade to ascertain the circumstances of suicide in conjunction with a system to determine causes of death; however, sufficient preparations are yet to be made, and apparently more time is necessary until such a system is definitively implemented. In order to implement preventive measures in accordance with the circumstances of suicide, studies of suicide prevention measures that are based on motives for suicide are necessary, as such motives would be closely associated with the determination of the circumstances of suicide. Two sets of suicide statistics are published in Japan: statistics reported by the National Police Agency (NPA), and the Vital Statistics reported by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Only the statistics reported by the NPA list the motive for suicide. Prior to 2006, the NPA statistics provided a presumed motive for each suicide based on a suicide note or other corroborating documents, and since 2007 the NPA has provided up to three motives for suicide. The current statistics better reflect the reasons for suicide compared to the previous statistics, but the main motive for many suicides cannot be ascertained. It would thus be helpful to refer to both the currently reported statistics on suicide motives and previous statistics indicating the main motive in order to devise effective measures for the prevention of suicide. Urgently needed measures to prevent suicide could be devised by compiling a statistical report on the motives for suicide as reported by the NPA, and this compilation could be done promptly. In order to implement truly effective measures to prevent suicide, the medical system (social medicine, basic medicine, and clinical","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10215853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01Epub Date: 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1177/00258024231182604
Tracy Alexander
{"title":"Dr Ann Priston OBE.","authors":"Tracy Alexander","doi":"10.1177/00258024231182604","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231182604","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10218313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01Epub Date: 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1177/00258024231174820
Sepand Malek, Dave Hearn, Thomas Fahy, John Tully, Tim Exworthy
Electronic monitoring (EM) of individuals has been used by the criminal justice system for the past thirty years, and in the UK, use is on the increase. Its use has been justified as an alternative to prison to reduce recidivism and allowing early release of prisoners, however, the evidence base for this remains mixed. In 2010, it was employed for the first time in a forensic psychiatry setting. A study investigating the effects of EM on leave episodes concluded that EM may improve the speed of patient progress and reduce the length of admission, leading to reduced costs and increased public safety. However, the intervention generated considerable controversy and sparked discussion about ethical concerns. Here, we consider specifically legal and human rights issues that emerge from use of EM in forensic healthcare settings, scrutinising its use in the context of the Mental Health Act and the Human Rights Act. We conclude that EM is legal and justifiable, providing it is used judiciously and with due consideration of concerns for the individual and the given context.
{"title":"Legal and human rights issues in the use of electronic monitoring (using GPS 'tracking' technology) in forensic mental health settings in the UK.","authors":"Sepand Malek, Dave Hearn, Thomas Fahy, John Tully, Tim Exworthy","doi":"10.1177/00258024231174820","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231174820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electronic monitoring (EM) of individuals has been used by the criminal justice system for the past thirty years, and in the UK, use is on the increase. Its use has been justified as an alternative to prison to reduce recidivism and allowing early release of prisoners, however, the evidence base for this remains mixed. In 2010, it was employed for the first time in a forensic psychiatry setting. A study investigating the effects of EM on leave episodes concluded that EM may improve the speed of patient progress and reduce the length of admission, leading to reduced costs and increased public safety. However, the intervention generated considerable controversy and sparked discussion about ethical concerns. Here, we consider specifically legal and human rights issues that emerge from use of EM in forensic healthcare settings, scrutinising its use in the context of the Mental Health Act and the Human Rights Act. We conclude that EM is legal and justifiable, providing it is used judiciously and with due consideration of concerns for the individual and the given context.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10725617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10219718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We read with great interest the paper published by Satoh et al. on double suicides in Japan in the postwar period, comparing their findings with those of contemporary Japan. The authors addressed a phenomenon of great forensic interest by placing it in the context of a geographic reality in which the number of suicide pacts has been high since ancient times. We have also been dealing with this topic for some years. We agree that, although suicide pacts were more common in Asia than in the West, this difference is much less evident today. These cases also exist in Italy. In our recent retrospective analysis at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Milan (one of the main cities in northern Italy), six suicide pacts were recorded between 1993 and 2020. Our case history, although numerically smaller, is consistent with the suicide couples described by Satoh et al. Specifically, we recorded a young couple of lovers, two couples of older spouses, and two couples of friends. In addition, we also had a pair of identical twins. There were also similarities in the causes of death: acute carbon monoxide poisoning, drug ingestion, and inhalation of gas combined with plastic bag suffocation (these latter can be considered complex suicides). However, in two suicide pairs, the cause of death was gunshot injury. In light of these findings, it is very important to compare case histories from different geographic areas, as this may reveal differences related to different sociocultural settings and, at the same time, unexpected similarities. However, we would like to highlight an aspect that we believe plays an indispensable role in the proper framing of suicide pacts. Indeed, this terminology refers to all situations in which two people decide to end their lives by mutual consent. Thus, double suicides certainly fall under this definition, but so do cases of homicide–suicide with the explicit consent of the homicide victim. Therefore, the terms “double suicide” and “pact suicide” should not be understood as synonyms, but the former as a subcategory of the latter. Obviously, cases of murder–suicide without the victim’s consent are excluded. As a result, suicide pacts pose a real challenge from a medico-legal perspective, with significant interpretative problems. In this field, multidisciplinary skills are therefore required. The on-site inspection can provide essential information: the mutual position of the victims’ bodies, the condition of the clothing, the location of bloodstains, and the order and cleanliness of the room. Special attention should also be paid to the finding of a weapon near the bodies, which does not always necessarily indicate a suicide. Finally, information should be obtained about the personal background of the victims by interviewing family members and friends. Often they know about family problems, financial difficulties, or health problems that may have triggered the suicide pact. The victim’s medical history is also crucial, as it may in
{"title":"Letter to the Editor regarding the article \"Double suicide in Japan in the post-war reconstruction period, with reference to contemporary Japan\".","authors":"Tambuzzi Stefano, Gentile Guendalina, Galante Nicola, Zoja Riccardo","doi":"10.1177/00258024231152183","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231152183","url":null,"abstract":"We read with great interest the paper published by Satoh et al. on double suicides in Japan in the postwar period, comparing their findings with those of contemporary Japan. The authors addressed a phenomenon of great forensic interest by placing it in the context of a geographic reality in which the number of suicide pacts has been high since ancient times. We have also been dealing with this topic for some years. We agree that, although suicide pacts were more common in Asia than in the West, this difference is much less evident today. These cases also exist in Italy. In our recent retrospective analysis at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Milan (one of the main cities in northern Italy), six suicide pacts were recorded between 1993 and 2020. Our case history, although numerically smaller, is consistent with the suicide couples described by Satoh et al. Specifically, we recorded a young couple of lovers, two couples of older spouses, and two couples of friends. In addition, we also had a pair of identical twins. There were also similarities in the causes of death: acute carbon monoxide poisoning, drug ingestion, and inhalation of gas combined with plastic bag suffocation (these latter can be considered complex suicides). However, in two suicide pairs, the cause of death was gunshot injury. In light of these findings, it is very important to compare case histories from different geographic areas, as this may reveal differences related to different sociocultural settings and, at the same time, unexpected similarities. However, we would like to highlight an aspect that we believe plays an indispensable role in the proper framing of suicide pacts. Indeed, this terminology refers to all situations in which two people decide to end their lives by mutual consent. Thus, double suicides certainly fall under this definition, but so do cases of homicide–suicide with the explicit consent of the homicide victim. Therefore, the terms “double suicide” and “pact suicide” should not be understood as synonyms, but the former as a subcategory of the latter. Obviously, cases of murder–suicide without the victim’s consent are excluded. As a result, suicide pacts pose a real challenge from a medico-legal perspective, with significant interpretative problems. In this field, multidisciplinary skills are therefore required. The on-site inspection can provide essential information: the mutual position of the victims’ bodies, the condition of the clothing, the location of bloodstains, and the order and cleanliness of the room. Special attention should also be paid to the finding of a weapon near the bodies, which does not always necessarily indicate a suicide. Finally, information should be obtained about the personal background of the victims by interviewing family members and friends. Often they know about family problems, financial difficulties, or health problems that may have triggered the suicide pact. The victim’s medical history is also crucial, as it may in","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10566886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01Epub Date: 2023-06-22DOI: 10.1177/00258024231182590
Denise Syndercombe Court
{"title":"Alec Samuels (1930-2022).","authors":"Denise Syndercombe Court","doi":"10.1177/00258024231182590","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231182590","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10220175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01Epub Date: 2023-07-24DOI: 10.1177/00258024231186736
Paul Arnell, Olayinka Lewis, Erika Kalocsányiová, Andrew Forrester
{"title":"The UK's Illegal Migration Bill: Human rights violated.","authors":"Paul Arnell, Olayinka Lewis, Erika Kalocsányiová, Andrew Forrester","doi":"10.1177/00258024231186736","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231186736","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10219237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.1177/00258024231197914
Lilli Stephenson, Corinna Van Den Heuvel, Melissa Humphries, Christine Nash, Roger W Byard
Pesticides are used to kill, repel or control any animal or plant species which are considered pests, but have also been associated with intentional and unintentional human fatalities. A rapid increase in pesticide suicides was observed during 'The Green Revolution' after pesticides were introduced into low- and middle-income rural households without appropriate guidelines for safe use and storage. While national pesticide bans have contributed to a significant decrease in pesticide-related suicides, such cases still comprise a large proportion of all suicides around the world. The aim of the current study was to provide a profile of pesticide suicides in a high-income country as a point of comparison against studies from low- and middle-income countries. Statistical analyses were performed using R (version 4.2.3). Over the 20-year study period, there were a low, yet consistent number of pesticide suicides which were most common among males over the age of 40. Paraquat and methomyl pesticides collectively contributed to almost half (48.8%) of all fatalities. Consistent with the literature, such cases often occurred with little premeditation in response to an acute emotional crisis. While interpretation of autopsy findings was mostly limited, there were some pesticides that demonstrated findings consisted with previously reported characteristics (e.g., gastroesophageal erosions with paraquat). Given the high proportion of cases where paraquat and methomyl pesticides were implicated, it may be appropriate to review the availability and accessibility of such compounds to reduce the occurrence of pesticide suicides in South Australia and potentially the wider Australian population.
{"title":"Features of fatal pesticide ingestion in South Australia.","authors":"Lilli Stephenson, Corinna Van Den Heuvel, Melissa Humphries, Christine Nash, Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024231197914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024231197914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pesticides are used to kill, repel or control any animal or plant species which are considered pests, but have also been associated with intentional and unintentional human fatalities. A rapid increase in pesticide suicides was observed during 'The Green Revolution' after pesticides were introduced into low- and middle-income rural households without appropriate guidelines for safe use and storage. While national pesticide bans have contributed to a significant decrease in pesticide-related suicides, such cases still comprise a large proportion of all suicides around the world. The aim of the current study was to provide a profile of pesticide suicides in a high-income country as a point of comparison against studies from low- and middle-income countries. Statistical analyses were performed using R (version 4.2.3). Over the 20-year study period, there were a low, yet consistent number of pesticide suicides which were most common among males over the age of 40. Paraquat and methomyl pesticides collectively contributed to almost half (48.8%) of all fatalities. Consistent with the literature, such cases often occurred with little premeditation in response to an acute emotional crisis. While interpretation of autopsy findings was mostly limited, there were some pesticides that demonstrated findings consisted with previously reported characteristics (e.g., gastroesophageal erosions with paraquat). Given the high proportion of cases where paraquat and methomyl pesticides were implicated, it may be appropriate to review the availability and accessibility of such compounds to reduce the occurrence of pesticide suicides in South Australia and potentially the wider Australian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10146049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/00258024221142660
Ken Inoue, Yasuyuki Fujita, Tatsushige Fukunaga, Noriyuki Kawano
The General Principles of Suicide Prevention, which are Japanese guidelines on measures to prevent suicide, were devised in 2007 and then revised in 2012 and 2017. In addition, the Cabinet approved new general principles of suicide prevention on 14 October 2022. 1 The new general principles of suicide prevention include Enhanced Support for Women, Enhanced Measures to Prevent Suicide by Children and Young People, Enhanced Community Efforts to Prevent Suicide, and Enhanced General Measures to Prevent Suicide, indicating that efforts will be particularly directed at enhanced assistance to prevent suicide by women, children, and young people. 2,3 The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in 2020 and con-tinues at the time of writing, has had an effect. Suicides in Japan decreased annually from 32,845 in 2009 to 20,169
{"title":"Specific measures to enhance suicide prevention in Japan.","authors":"Ken Inoue, Yasuyuki Fujita, Tatsushige Fukunaga, Noriyuki Kawano","doi":"10.1177/00258024221142660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024221142660","url":null,"abstract":"The General Principles of Suicide Prevention, which are Japanese guidelines on measures to prevent suicide, were devised in 2007 and then revised in 2012 and 2017. In addition, the Cabinet approved new general principles of suicide prevention on 14 October 2022. 1 The new general principles of suicide prevention include Enhanced Support for Women, Enhanced Measures to Prevent Suicide by Children and Young People, Enhanced Community Efforts to Prevent Suicide, and Enhanced General Measures to Prevent Suicide, indicating that efforts will be particularly directed at enhanced assistance to prevent suicide by women, children, and young people. 2,3 The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in 2020 and con-tinues at the time of writing, has had an effect. Suicides in Japan decreased annually from 32,845 in 2009 to 20,169","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9915483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/00258024221140660
Benjamin Andoh
The "right" of an adult patient with capacity to refuse treatment has been very well recognized by the courts over the years. Recently, it was the central issue in this recent case, PH (by his litigation friend, the Official Solicitor) v Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board ([2022] EWCOP 16). This paper briefly reviews the case and goes on to present the author's views on the general "right" to refuse treatment and the meaning of "right" in the expression, "the right to refuse treatment". It then points out other relevant matters worth noting.
{"title":"The \"Right\" to refuse treatment.","authors":"Benjamin Andoh","doi":"10.1177/00258024221140660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024221140660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The \"right\" of an adult patient with capacity to refuse treatment has been very well recognized by the courts over the years. Recently, it was the central issue in this recent case, PH (by his litigation friend, the Official Solicitor) <i>v</i> Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board ([2022] EWCOP 16). This paper briefly reviews the case and goes on to present the author's views on the general \"right\" to refuse treatment and the meaning of \"right\" in the expression, \"the right to refuse treatment\". It then points out other relevant matters worth noting.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9632933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}