B. Straumal, A. Mazilkin, S. Protasova, D. Goll, B. Baretzky, A. Bakai, S. Dobatkin
It has been demonstrated for the first time that severe plastic deformation (SPD) permits to produce the metallic alloys containing two coexisting amorphous phases from the crystalline multiphase alloy. The as-cast Ni60Nb18Y22 alloy was coarse-grained and contained mainly NiY phase (grain size 25 µm) and also NbNi3 ,N i2Y, Ni7Y2 and Ni3Y phases (grain size 3–5 µm). High pressure torsion (4 GPa, 10 torsions) completely changed the structure. The sample after SPD contained two glassy phases and two other nanocrystalline NiY and Nb15Ni2 phases (grain size about 20 nm). The coarse-grained alloy was mainly ferromagnetic with a small paramagnetic component. After SPD the alloy becomes strongly diamagnetic with a small ferromagnetic component. Therefore, it has been revealed that severe plastic deformation allows one to produce the composite amorphous alloys. K e y w o r d s : severe plastic deformation, Y-Ni-Nb alloys, amorphous phases
本文首次证明了严重塑性变形(SPD)可以使结晶多相合金产生两种非晶态共存的金属合金。铸态Ni60Nb18Y22合金晶粒粗，主要含有NiY相(晶粒尺寸为25µm)和NbNi3、ni2y、Ni7Y2和Ni3Y相(晶粒尺寸为3 ~ 5µm)。高压扭转(4gpa, 10扭)完全改变了结构。SPD后的样品含有两个玻璃相和另外两个纳米晶NiY和Nb15Ni2相(晶粒尺寸约为20 nm)。粗晶合金以铁磁性为主，顺磁性成分较少。SPD后，合金具有很强的抗磁性和少量的铁磁成分。结果表明，剧烈的塑性变形可以制备复合非晶合金。y - ni - nb合金:剧烈塑性变形，非晶相
{"title":"Formation of two amorphous phases in the Ni60Nb18Y22 alloy after high pressure torsion","authors":"B. Straumal, A. Mazilkin, S. Protasova, D. Goll, B. Baretzky, A. Bakai, S. Dobatkin","doi":"10.4149/KM_2011_1_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/KM_2011_1_17","url":null,"abstract":"It has been demonstrated for the first time that severe plastic deformation (SPD) permits to produce the metallic alloys containing two coexisting amorphous phases from the crystalline multiphase alloy. The as-cast Ni60Nb18Y22 alloy was coarse-grained and contained mainly NiY phase (grain size 25 µm) and also NbNi3 ,N i2Y, Ni7Y2 and Ni3Y phases (grain size 3–5 µm). High pressure torsion (4 GPa, 10 torsions) completely changed the structure. The sample after SPD contained two glassy phases and two other nanocrystalline NiY and Nb15Ni2 phases (grain size about 20 nm). The coarse-grained alloy was mainly ferromagnetic with a small paramagnetic component. After SPD the alloy becomes strongly diamagnetic with a small ferromagnetic component. Therefore, it has been revealed that severe plastic deformation allows one to produce the composite amorphous alloys. K e y w o r d s : severe plastic deformation, Y-Ni-Nb alloys, amorphous phases","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74309917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of the heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of Tin Babbitt","authors":"B. Leszczyńska-Madej, M. Madej","doi":"10.4149/km_2013_2_101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2013_2_101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75762958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Zhang, Y. Teng, W. Liu, L. Lin, X. X. Hu, Y. H. Jiang, X. Ye, M. Zhou, J. Wang
{"title":"Mechanical testing and numercial simlayions on fatigue behavior of a cladded Al/Al-Mg alloy","authors":"C. Zhang, Y. Teng, W. Liu, L. Lin, X. X. Hu, Y. H. Jiang, X. Ye, M. Zhou, J. Wang","doi":"10.4149/km_2021_4_257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2021_4_257","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76243650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research article reports the metallurgical and mechanical properties of pulsed current gas tungsten arc welded AISI 4340 and AISI 304L by autogenous technique. This article investigates the detailed structure-property relationship of the weldments using optical and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Microstructure studies corroborated the formation of martensite at the weld zone and heat affected zone of AISI 4340, which contributed to higher hardness and strength at room temperature. Tensile studies inferred that the failure occurred at the parent metal and in the weld region when operated at ambient and high-temperature conditions (600◦C), respectively. The average tensile strength of the welded joint was found to be 708 MPa, 308 MPa in the ambient temperature and elevated temperature, respectively. Charpy V-notch studies revealed that the average impact energy of the weldments was found to be 6.2 J, due to the presence of martensitic structure at the weld. The outcomes of the study attested the use of autogenouspulsed current gas tungsten arc welding, eliminating the need for filler wire, which is cost effective welding technique for joining these dissimilar metal combinations. K e y w o r d s: aeronautical steel, austenitic stainless steel, pulsed current, microstructure, mechanical characterization
{"title":"Characterization of tensile strength and impact toughness of autogenous PCGTA weldments of aeronautical steel and austenitic stainless steel","authors":"M. Arivarasu, K. D. Ramkumar, N. Arivazhagan","doi":"10.4149/KM_2016_3_279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/KM_2016_3_279","url":null,"abstract":"This research article reports the metallurgical and mechanical properties of pulsed current gas tungsten arc welded AISI 4340 and AISI 304L by autogenous technique. This article investigates the detailed structure-property relationship of the weldments using optical and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Microstructure studies corroborated the formation of martensite at the weld zone and heat affected zone of AISI 4340, which contributed to higher hardness and strength at room temperature. Tensile studies inferred that the failure occurred at the parent metal and in the weld region when operated at ambient and high-temperature conditions (600◦C), respectively. The average tensile strength of the welded joint was found to be 708 MPa, 308 MPa in the ambient temperature and elevated temperature, respectively. Charpy V-notch studies revealed that the average impact energy of the weldments was found to be 6.2 J, due to the presence of martensitic structure at the weld. The outcomes of the study attested the use of autogenouspulsed current gas tungsten arc welding, eliminating the need for filler wire, which is cost effective welding technique for joining these dissimilar metal combinations. K e y w o r d s: aeronautical steel, austenitic stainless steel, pulsed current, microstructure, mechanical characterization","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73785237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Yan, M. Gao, G. Li, C. Zhang, M. Jiang, X. Zeng
This paper presents the effects of titanium addition and heat treatment on microstructure of 2A12 aluminum alloy joints by CO2 laser-metal inter gas hybrid welding. The 5 mm thick 2A12 aluminum alloy plates were welded by hybrid welding with and without titanium addition, respectively. The results showed that the oriented columnar dendrites were formed near the fusion boundary without titanium addition. However, the Al3Ti particles are formed to provide excellent nucleation sites for α-Al grains after titanium addition. Furthermore, a chill zone consisting of fine spherical grains was formed to prevent the growth of columnar dendrites between the base metal and fusion zone. Moreover, the grain size of the chill zone was much smaller than that of the weld center region. After heat treatment, the microstructure transited from columnar dendrites to fine equiaxed grains and the eutectics are believed as α-A1, θ phases, and some other inclusions. K e y w o r d s: laser welding, hybrid welding, aluminum alloy
{"title":"Microstructure characteristics of Laser-MIG hybrid welded 2A12 aluminum alloy joint with titanium addition and heat treatment conditions","authors":"J. Yan, M. Gao, G. Li, C. Zhang, M. Jiang, X. Zeng","doi":"10.4149/km_2013_5_291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2013_5_291","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the effects of titanium addition and heat treatment on microstructure of 2A12 aluminum alloy joints by CO2 laser-metal inter gas hybrid welding. The 5 mm thick 2A12 aluminum alloy plates were welded by hybrid welding with and without titanium addition, respectively. The results showed that the oriented columnar dendrites were formed near the fusion boundary without titanium addition. However, the Al3Ti particles are formed to provide excellent nucleation sites for α-Al grains after titanium addition. Furthermore, a chill zone consisting of fine spherical grains was formed to prevent the growth of columnar dendrites between the base metal and fusion zone. Moreover, the grain size of the chill zone was much smaller than that of the weld center region. After heat treatment, the microstructure transited from columnar dendrites to fine equiaxed grains and the eutectics are believed as α-A1, θ phases, and some other inclusions. K e y w o r d s: laser welding, hybrid welding, aluminum alloy","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79872154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Edalati, H. Iwaoka, Z. Horita, M. Tanaka, K. Higashida, H. Fujiwara, K. Ameyama
{"title":"Fabrication of ultrafine-grained Ti-(5-50 wt.%)Al2O3 composites using high-pressure torsion","authors":"K. Edalati, H. Iwaoka, Z. Horita, M. Tanaka, K. Higashida, H. Fujiwara, K. Ameyama","doi":"10.4149/km_2011_1_85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2011_1_85","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90601138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research was aimed at determining optimum Cu content for the alloy design of SUS 30411 austenitic steels having enhanced heat and corrosion resistance. Samples of the steel containing 1, 3, and 5 wt.% Cu were subjected to repeated heating and cooling to a temperature of 760 degrees C and to a maximum of 15 cycles. Hardness measurement and the corrosion behaviour in 1M NaCl solution were evaluated. The hardness increases with an increase in the number of heating cycles for the three compositions. The hardening response to the thermal cycles is however higher for the 1 wt.% Cu composition and decreases with an increase in the Cu wt.%. The SUS 30411 steel containing 3 wt.% Cu exhibited the least susceptibility to corrosion in the 1M NaCl solution irrespective of the number of heating cycles. The SUS 30411 steel containing 1 wt.% Cu was found to exhibit the highest susceptibility to corrosion for all heating cycles compared.
{"title":"Hardening and corrosion behaviour of copper added SUS 304H austenitic steels subjected to thermal cycling","authors":"K. Alaneme, U. Ramamurty, O. Bello","doi":"10.4149/km_2013_1_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2013_1_25","url":null,"abstract":"This research was aimed at determining optimum Cu content for the alloy design of SUS 30411 austenitic steels having enhanced heat and corrosion resistance. Samples of the steel containing 1, 3, and 5 wt.% Cu were subjected to repeated heating and cooling to a temperature of 760 degrees C and to a maximum of 15 cycles. Hardness measurement and the corrosion behaviour in 1M NaCl solution were evaluated. The hardness increases with an increase in the number of heating cycles for the three compositions. The hardening response to the thermal cycles is however higher for the 1 wt.% Cu composition and decreases with an increase in the Cu wt.%. The SUS 30411 steel containing 3 wt.% Cu exhibited the least susceptibility to corrosion in the 1M NaCl solution irrespective of the number of heating cycles. The SUS 30411 steel containing 1 wt.% Cu was found to exhibit the highest susceptibility to corrosion for all heating cycles compared.","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90922926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper the simultaneous laser melting and burnishing of a stainless steel is studied both experimentally and theoretically. A continuous CO2 laser beam is moving either along a straight line or criss-crossing it. It has been shown that the oscillatory movement of the laser source together with the burnishing results in a better surface topography comparing to the non-oscillatory process. A theoretical modelling is applied to calculate the temperature field during the process. The results of theoretical analysis are verified by analyzing microstructure changes of the material in laser heated zone. It has been found that a very good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is achieved when the change of the absorptivity of the laser beam with the temperature of the melted zone is taken into account. K e y w o r d s: laser treatment, hybrid treatment, surface structure, mathematical modelling
{"title":"Numerical simulation and experimental analysis of simultaneous melting and burnishing of 304 stainless steel with oscillatory laser heat source","authors":"T. Mościcki, J. Radziejewska","doi":"10.4149/km_2013_1_37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2013_1_37","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the simultaneous laser melting and burnishing of a stainless steel is studied both experimentally and theoretically. A continuous CO2 laser beam is moving either along a straight line or criss-crossing it. It has been shown that the oscillatory movement of the laser source together with the burnishing results in a better surface topography comparing to the non-oscillatory process. A theoretical modelling is applied to calculate the temperature field during the process. The results of theoretical analysis are verified by analyzing microstructure changes of the material in laser heated zone. It has been found that a very good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is achieved when the change of the absorptivity of the laser beam with the temperature of the melted zone is taken into account. K e y w o r d s: laser treatment, hybrid treatment, surface structure, mathematical modelling","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86262628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, aluminum metal matrix composite (AMC s ) containing Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 composite powder in different ratios (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) as a reinforcement material was produced using the powder metallurgy method. This paper aims to research the effect of the alumina-titanium oxide powder ratio on Al/Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 composite properties. An experimental study has been carried out on density, hardness, tensile strength, phase, and microstructure characterization of aluminum metal matrix composites. The findings of the experimental in-vestigation reveal that the AMC s with 20 wt.% Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 exhibited gradually increased mechanical properties, i.e., Vickers hardness of 56 HV and the tensile strength of 150 MPa. It has been concluded that the density of composites improved with the addition of Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 reinforcement. Microstructural observation indicates that the distribution of Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 particles is usually near-uniform and homogeneous in the aluminum matrix.
{"title":"Properties of Al/Al2O3-TiO2 composites prepared by powder metallurgy processing","authors":"H. Aydin, P. C. T. Birgin","doi":"10.4149/KM_2021_2_99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/KM_2021_2_99","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, aluminum metal matrix composite (AMC s ) containing Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 composite powder in different ratios (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) as a reinforcement material was produced using the powder metallurgy method. This paper aims to research the effect of the alumina-titanium oxide powder ratio on Al/Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 composite properties. An experimental study has been carried out on density, hardness, tensile strength, phase, and microstructure characterization of aluminum metal matrix composites. The findings of the experimental in-vestigation reveal that the AMC s with 20 wt.% Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 exhibited gradually increased mechanical properties, i.e., Vickers hardness of 56 HV and the tensile strength of 150 MPa. It has been concluded that the density of composites improved with the addition of Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 reinforcement. Microstructural observation indicates that the distribution of Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 particles is usually near-uniform and homogeneous in the aluminum matrix.","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87450588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Titanium alloy TA15 and aluminium alloy Al2024 were welded by tungsten inert-gas arc welding using AlSi12 filler wire. Microstructure and phase constituents of weld zone near Ti/Al interface were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Initiation and propagation of welding cracks near Ti/Al interface were investigated. Supplementary measures on controlling of cracking were clarified. Titanium and aluminium alloys were partially fusion welded in the upper part while brazed in the middle and bottom parts of the joint. In Ti/Al fusion zone, intermetallics Ti3Al + Ti5Si3, TiAl + Ti5Si3 and TiAl3 formed as three layers orderly from titanium side to weld metal. Near Ti/Al brazed interface, intermetallics Ti5Si3 and TiAl3 formed as two layers from titanium side to weld metal. Two kinds of cracks appeared near Ti/Al interface. One kind initiated in weld zone with high residual stress; the other initiated in brittle Ti-Al intermetallics. Preference propagation paths of cracks are along the interfaces between different intermetallic layers or cross micro-defects near Ti/Al interface. K e y w o r d s: titanium, aluminium, fusion welding, brazing, welding crack
{"title":"Research on cracking initiation and propagation near Ti/Al interface during TIG welding of titanium to aluminium","authors":"S. Wei, Y. Li, J. Wang, K. Liu","doi":"10.4149/km_2014_2_85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/km_2014_2_85","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium alloy TA15 and aluminium alloy Al2024 were welded by tungsten inert-gas arc welding using AlSi12 filler wire. Microstructure and phase constituents of weld zone near Ti/Al interface were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Initiation and propagation of welding cracks near Ti/Al interface were investigated. Supplementary measures on controlling of cracking were clarified. Titanium and aluminium alloys were partially fusion welded in the upper part while brazed in the middle and bottom parts of the joint. In Ti/Al fusion zone, intermetallics Ti3Al + Ti5Si3, TiAl + Ti5Si3 and TiAl3 formed as three layers orderly from titanium side to weld metal. Near Ti/Al brazed interface, intermetallics Ti5Si3 and TiAl3 formed as two layers from titanium side to weld metal. Two kinds of cracks appeared near Ti/Al interface. One kind initiated in weld zone with high residual stress; the other initiated in brittle Ti-Al intermetallics. Preference propagation paths of cracks are along the interfaces between different intermetallic layers or cross micro-defects near Ti/Al interface. K e y w o r d s: titanium, aluminium, fusion welding, brazing, welding crack","PeriodicalId":18519,"journal":{"name":"Metallic Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81880406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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