This research investigated the corrosion behavior of standard current metal inert gas weld repair for 6082-T6 aluminum alloy using ER5356 filler metal. The new and repaired (NW and RW) welds were studied. The welds comprised the weld metal (WM), the heat affected zone (HAZ) (solid solution and softened zones), and the base metal (BM). The study focused on investigating electrochemical corrosion using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods in 3.5% NaCl solutions, especially in HAZ, including metallurgical and mechanical examinations. The BM containing an α-Al matrix with Al(Fe,Mn)Si and Mg2Si phases exhibited the maximum hardness (70–104 HV0.1). The WM hardness decreased (67–76 HV0.1) with the α-Al, β-Mg3Al2, and Mg2Si phases. Despite having comparable phases to BM, HAZs showed lower hardness (Solid HAZ: 70–82 HV0.1) due to more intermetallic phases. The RW’s softened HAZ revealed the minimum hardness (52–63 HV0.1) compared to that of the NW (55–70 HV0.1). Besides, the tensile strength of the RW (179.7 MPa) was also lower than that of the NW (174.4 MPa) because of the reheating effect. The electrochemical corrosion results indicated that the BM exhibited the maximum corrosion resistance (the lowest corrosion current density (icorr), the highest corrosion potential (Ecorr), and the charge transfer resistance (Rct)), followed by the HAZ and the WM, respectively. The softened HAZ demonstrated better corrosion resistance than the solid solution HAZ. Conversely, the over-aging effect reduced the softened zone’s pitting corrosion resistance (Ep) compared to the solid solution zone. The RW exhibited inferior corrosion resistance compared to the NW due to increased intermetallic phases, which was consistent with the mechanical results. However, the RW’s softened HAZ corrosion characteristics were inconsistent with its mechanical properties; its hardness and tensile strength were the lowest, but its corrosion resistance was not. Pitting corrosion was observed on the weld surfaces using the SEM.
{"title":"The electrochemical corrosion performance of aluminum alloys grade 6082-T6 weld repair","authors":"Porntep Sareekumtorn, Sasirat Chaideesungnoen, Prapas Muangjunburee, Hein Zaw Oo","doi":"10.1088/2053-1591/ad6ee3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad6ee3","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigated the corrosion behavior of standard current metal inert gas weld repair for 6082-T6 aluminum alloy using ER5356 filler metal. The new and repaired (NW and RW) welds were studied. The welds comprised the weld metal (WM), the heat affected zone (HAZ) (solid solution and softened zones), and the base metal (BM). The study focused on investigating electrochemical corrosion using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods in 3.5% NaCl solutions, especially in HAZ, including metallurgical and mechanical examinations. The BM containing an <italic toggle=\"yes\">α</italic>-Al matrix with Al(Fe,Mn)Si and Mg<sub>2</sub>Si phases exhibited the maximum hardness (70–104 HV<sub>0.1</sub>). The WM hardness decreased (67–76 HV<sub>0.1</sub>) with the <italic toggle=\"yes\">α</italic>-Al, <italic toggle=\"yes\">β</italic>-Mg<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>, and Mg<sub>2</sub>Si phases. Despite having comparable phases to BM, HAZs showed lower hardness (Solid HAZ: 70–82 HV<sub>0.1</sub>) due to more intermetallic phases. The RW’s softened HAZ revealed the minimum hardness (52–63 HV<sub>0.1</sub>) compared to that of the NW (55–70 HV<sub>0.1</sub>). Besides, the tensile strength of the RW (179.7 MPa) was also lower than that of the NW (174.4 MPa) because of the reheating effect. The electrochemical corrosion results indicated that the BM exhibited the maximum corrosion resistance (the lowest corrosion current density (i<sub>corr</sub>), the highest corrosion potential (E<sub>corr</sub>), and the charge transfer resistance (R<sub>ct</sub>)), followed by the HAZ and the WM, respectively. The softened HAZ demonstrated better corrosion resistance than the solid solution HAZ. Conversely, the over-aging effect reduced the softened zone’s pitting corrosion resistance (E<sub>p</sub>) compared to the solid solution zone. The RW exhibited inferior corrosion resistance compared to the NW due to increased intermetallic phases, which was consistent with the mechanical results. However, the RW’s softened HAZ corrosion characteristics were inconsistent with its mechanical properties; its hardness and tensile strength were the lowest, but its corrosion resistance was not. Pitting corrosion was observed on the weld surfaces using the SEM.","PeriodicalId":18530,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Express","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ad6ef0
Hani Korek, Khulud Habanjar, Sherif G Elsharkawy, R Awad
Fabrication of Cd0.5Zn0.5NdxFe2–xO4 nanoparticles, with x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08, has been carried out using a wet chemical co-precipitation method. The effect of the rare earth Nd3+ doping on the prepared ferrites was structurally investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD) along with Rietveld refinement. The results indicate great crystallinity in the FCC Fd3m spinel structure of Cd0.5Zn0.5NdxFe2–xO4 nanoparticles. The lattice parameter increases with the increase of doping concentration from 8.5378 until 8.5432 Å and the crystallite size obtained using Debye-Sherrer, Williamson–Hall, Size-strain plot (SSP), and Halder-Wagner (H-W) methods, decreases until the solubility limit of the materials is at x = 0.04. By using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the morphological analysis reveals the spherical shape of the samples with minor agglomeration with the aid of using a Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) capping agent. The grain size ranges from 14.37 to 15.24 nm. Raman spectroscopy verifies the incorporation of Nd3+ in the octahedral sites and the decrease in particle size. The elemental composition was verified using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The magnetic properties were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and it shows superparamagnetic behavior with a decrease in the saturation magnetization from 2.207 to 1.918 emu g−1 and an increase in coercivity from 7.194 to 14.397 G. The prepared materials were tested as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensors by studying their sensitivity, selectivity, optimum working temperature, response, and recovery times. Nd3+ doping shows a great increase in LPG sensing sensitivity 4 to 20 times than the pure samples. The doping concentration also decreases the response and recovery times.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and gas-sensing application of Cd0.5Zn0.5NdxFe2–xO4 nanoparticles","authors":"Hani Korek, Khulud Habanjar, Sherif G Elsharkawy, R Awad","doi":"10.1088/2053-1591/ad6ef0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad6ef0","url":null,"abstract":"Fabrication of Cd<sub>0.5</sub>Zn<sub>0.5</sub>Nd<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2–x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles, with x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08, has been carried out using a wet chemical co-precipitation method. The effect of the rare earth Nd<sup>3+</sup> doping on the prepared ferrites was structurally investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD) along with Rietveld refinement. The results indicate great crystallinity in the FCC Fd3m spinel structure of Cd<sub>0.5</sub>Zn<sub>0.5</sub>Nd<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2–x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles. The lattice parameter increases with the increase of doping concentration from 8.5378 until 8.5432 Å and the crystallite size obtained using Debye-Sherrer, Williamson–Hall, Size-strain plot (SSP), and Halder-Wagner (H-W) methods, decreases until the solubility limit of the materials is at x = 0.04. By using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the morphological analysis reveals the spherical shape of the samples with minor agglomeration with the aid of using a Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) capping agent. The grain size ranges from 14.37 to 15.24 nm. Raman spectroscopy verifies the incorporation of Nd<sup>3+</sup> in the octahedral sites and the decrease in particle size. The elemental composition was verified using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The magnetic properties were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and it shows superparamagnetic behavior with a decrease in the saturation magnetization from 2.207 to 1.918 emu g<sup>−1</sup> and an increase in coercivity from 7.194 to 14.397 G. The prepared materials were tested as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensors by studying their sensitivity, selectivity, optimum working temperature, response, and recovery times. Nd<sup>3+</sup> doping shows a great increase in LPG sensing sensitivity 4 to 20 times than the pure samples. The doping concentration also decreases the response and recovery times.","PeriodicalId":18530,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Express","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ad6ef3
Lina Liu, Kexin Wang, Xiuyun An, Yujun Wang, Feng Shan, Jia Liu, Chunjuan Tang, Jianfeng Su, Ruifei Qin
The combination of electrospun nanofibers and nanoparticles is opening up potential in the field of bifunctional materials. Herein, polystyrene (PS, Mw ≈ 260, 000), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP, Mw ≈1, 300, 000), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, Mw ≈ 350, 000) bifunctional fibers containing Tb(acac)3phen complexes (acac: acetylacetone, phen: 1,10-phenanthroline) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by single-fluid electrospinning method. The structure of bifunctional microfibers was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy spectrum (EDAX) and infrared spectrum (IR). The average diameters of PS, PVP and PMMA bifunctional fibers are 1.65, 0.313 and 0.571 μm, respectively. The TEM images indicated that Fe3O4 NPs were successfully incorporated into bifunctional fibers. No absorption peaks of terbium complexes and Fe3O4 NPs can be seen in the IR spectra of bifunctional fibers. The luminescent and magnetic properties of bifunctional fibers were also investigated. Due to the change of ligands environment, the main excitation peaks blue shifted about 5–8 nm in the bifunctional fibers. Bifunctional fibers exhibited characteristic emission of Tb3+ ions. The polymers have no effect on the fluorescence lifetimes of terbium complexes. All bifunctional fibers were soft ferromagnetic. In addition, mechanical performances of these nanofibers were also studied. The maximum stress, strain corresponding to the maximum stress and elastic modulus of sample PVP-Fe-Tb is the largest, which indicates that the tensile performance of sample PVP-Fe-Tb is the best.
{"title":"Syntheses, characterization, luminescent and magnetic properties of polymer bifunctional fibers containing terbium complexes and Fe3O4 nanoparticles","authors":"Lina Liu, Kexin Wang, Xiuyun An, Yujun Wang, Feng Shan, Jia Liu, Chunjuan Tang, Jianfeng Su, Ruifei Qin","doi":"10.1088/2053-1591/ad6ef3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad6ef3","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of electrospun nanofibers and nanoparticles is opening up potential in the field of bifunctional materials. Herein, polystyrene (PS, Mw ≈ 260, 000), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP, Mw ≈1, 300, 000), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, Mw ≈ 350, 000) bifunctional fibers containing Tb(acac)<sub>3</sub>phen complexes (acac: acetylacetone, phen: 1,10-phenanthroline) and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by single-fluid electrospinning method. The structure of bifunctional microfibers was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy spectrum (EDAX) and infrared spectrum (IR). The average diameters of PS, PVP and PMMA bifunctional fibers are 1.65, 0.313 and 0.571 μm, respectively. The TEM images indicated that Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs were successfully incorporated into bifunctional fibers. No absorption peaks of terbium complexes and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs can be seen in the IR spectra of bifunctional fibers. The luminescent and magnetic properties of bifunctional fibers were also investigated. Due to the change of ligands environment, the main excitation peaks blue shifted about 5–8 nm in the bifunctional fibers. Bifunctional fibers exhibited characteristic emission of Tb<sup>3+</sup> ions. The polymers have no effect on the fluorescence lifetimes of terbium complexes. All bifunctional fibers were soft ferromagnetic. In addition, mechanical performances of these nanofibers were also studied. The maximum stress, strain corresponding to the maximum stress and elastic modulus of sample PVP-Fe-Tb is the largest, which indicates that the tensile performance of sample PVP-Fe-Tb is the best.","PeriodicalId":18530,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Express","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ad6bf2
Hanh Thi Truong, Hai Bang Truong, Thuan Chi Nguyen
This study investigates ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites synthesized by the sol–gel method for their potential application in textile wastewater treatment. The physicochemical properties of these materials were comprehensively characterized using various analytical techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and UV–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. XRD and XRF analyses confirmed the formation of a ZnO/TiO2 heterostructure. TEM images revealed a quasi-spherical morphology with slight agglomeration. The ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite with a 1:5 molar ratio of Zn(II):Ti(IV) showed the highest BET surface area (91.345 m2 g−1) and the narrowest band gap (Eg = 3.06 eV). This composite demonstrated efficient degradation of methylene blue dye under sunlight irradiation and exhibited 100% antibacterial activity against S. typhi and S. aureus at concentrations ≥5 mg ml−1, indicating its potential for treating textile wastewater.
{"title":"ZnO/TiO2 photocatalytic nanocomposite for dye and bacteria removal in wastewater","authors":"Hanh Thi Truong, Hai Bang Truong, Thuan Chi Nguyen","doi":"10.1088/2053-1591/ad6bf2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad6bf2","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates ZnO/TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites synthesized by the sol–gel method for their potential application in textile wastewater treatment. The physicochemical properties of these materials were comprehensively characterized using various analytical techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and UV–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. XRD and XRF analyses confirmed the formation of a ZnO/TiO<sub>2</sub> heterostructure. TEM images revealed a quasi-spherical morphology with slight agglomeration. The ZnO/TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite with a 1:5 molar ratio of Zn(II):Ti(IV) showed the highest BET surface area (91.345 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) and the narrowest band gap (Eg = 3.06 eV). This composite demonstrated efficient degradation of methylene blue dye under sunlight irradiation and exhibited 100% antibacterial activity against <italic toggle=\"yes\">S. typhi</italic> and <italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus</italic> at concentrations ≥5 mg ml<sup>−1</sup>, indicating its potential for treating textile wastewater.","PeriodicalId":18530,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Express","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ad6afd
Zhichuan Lin, Rui Zhong, Yong Xu, Yan Wu, Chen Ru
The inflammatory reaction significantly impedes the neurogenic process during the restoration of peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Therefore, establishing a non-inflammatory environment is crucial for effective nerve regeneration. This study proposes the use of shell-core structured nanofibers with sequential anti-inflammatory and pro-neurogenic activities to repair PNI. Icariin (ICA), known for its anti-inflammatory effects, was blended with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to form the shell layer’s spinning solution. Concurrently, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was combined with graphene oxide (GO) to create the core layer’s spinning solution. These solutions were then subjected to co-axial electrospinning, resulting in shell-core structured GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers. Additionally, a control group of unordered GDNF/GO/ICA/PLGA nanofibers was prepared using conventional electrospinning. The resulting GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers exhibited distinct fibrous structures with a clear shell-core architecture and demonstrated mechanical properties similar to the control group. Notably, the shell-core structured GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers displayed unique staged release kinetics: over 90% ICA was released priorly within the first 0 to 13 days, followed by GDNF release from days 9 to 31. Furthermore, the GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers showed excellent biocompatibility with Schwann cells. In vitro results highlighted the potent anti-inflammatory capabilities of ICA released from the shell layer, while GDNF released from the core layer effectively induced neurogenic differentiation of Schwann cells. The GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers were then processed into a nerve conduit and applied to a 10 mm rat sciatic PNI model. The staged release of ICA and GDNF facilitated by the GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers created a non-inflammatory environment before initiating nerve regeneration, leading to improved PNI restoration. This study underscores the importance of shell-core structured nanofibers in sequentially mediating anti-inflammation and neurogenesis, offering a novel approach for addressing PNI.
{"title":"Shell-core structured nanofibers mediate staged anti-inflammatory and pro-neurogenic activities to repair peripheral nerve","authors":"Zhichuan Lin, Rui Zhong, Yong Xu, Yan Wu, Chen Ru","doi":"10.1088/2053-1591/ad6afd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad6afd","url":null,"abstract":"The inflammatory reaction significantly impedes the neurogenic process during the restoration of peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Therefore, establishing a non-inflammatory environment is crucial for effective nerve regeneration. This study proposes the use of shell-core structured nanofibers with sequential anti-inflammatory and pro-neurogenic activities to repair PNI. Icariin (ICA), known for its anti-inflammatory effects, was blended with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to form the shell layer’s spinning solution. Concurrently, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was combined with graphene oxide (GO) to create the core layer’s spinning solution. These solutions were then subjected to co-axial electrospinning, resulting in shell-core structured GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers. Additionally, a control group of unordered GDNF/GO/ICA/PLGA nanofibers was prepared using conventional electrospinning. The resulting GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers exhibited distinct fibrous structures with a clear shell-core architecture and demonstrated mechanical properties similar to the control group. Notably, the shell-core structured GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers displayed unique staged release kinetics: over 90% ICA was released priorly within the first 0 to 13 days, followed by GDNF release from days 9 to 31. Furthermore, the GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers showed excellent biocompatibility with Schwann cells. <italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro</italic> results highlighted the potent anti-inflammatory capabilities of ICA released from the shell layer, while GDNF released from the core layer effectively induced neurogenic differentiation of Schwann cells. The GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers were then processed into a nerve conduit and applied to a 10 mm rat sciatic PNI model. The staged release of ICA and GDNF facilitated by the GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers created a non-inflammatory environment before initiating nerve regeneration, leading to improved PNI restoration. This study underscores the importance of shell-core structured nanofibers in sequentially mediating anti-inflammation and neurogenesis, offering a novel approach for addressing PNI.","PeriodicalId":18530,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Express","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ad6afb
Juan Fu, Shuang-Ming Fang, Jie Luo, Zhu Peng, Zi-Ling Li, Jin-Ke Cheng
Mold on the phosphogypsum wallboard seriously hinders the resource utilization of phosphogypsum, and incorporating inorganic antibacterial materials can effectively inhibit mold growth. In this study, Escherichia coli and wallboard mold were used as experimental strains, and the antibacterial activity of antibacterial material-modified calcined gypsum from phosphogypsum (CPG) was determined using the inhibition zone method and mold surface growth area analysis. Characterization techniques such as XRF, XRD, and SEM were used to study the phase composition and microstructure of the samples, and an antibacterial model was constructed to explore the antibacterial mechanism. The results indicated that using E. coli as an indicator bacterium, ZnO-0.05TiO2-CPG exhibited the best bactericidal effect, while ZnO-CPG exhibited the best bacteriostatic effect. Against mold, ZnO contents of 2.5% or 5% demonstrated strong antibacterial properties, with compressive strengths of 10.1 MPa and 9.95 MPa, respectively, meeting the requirements of ≥3.50 MPa for compressive strength according to the ‘Lightweight Partition Plates for Building’ standard (GB/T 23451 2009). The superior antibacterial performance of ZnO compared to TiO2 is attributed to the slow release of Zn2+, which disrupts cell membranes and the generated reactive oxygen species inhibit cell growth.
{"title":"Study on antibacterial characteristics and mechanism of synergistic modification of calcined gypsum from phosphogypsum by inorganic antibacterial materials","authors":"Juan Fu, Shuang-Ming Fang, Jie Luo, Zhu Peng, Zi-Ling Li, Jin-Ke Cheng","doi":"10.1088/2053-1591/ad6afb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad6afb","url":null,"abstract":"Mold on the phosphogypsum wallboard seriously hinders the resource utilization of phosphogypsum, and incorporating inorganic antibacterial materials can effectively inhibit mold growth. In this study, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli</italic> and wallboard mold were used as experimental strains, and the antibacterial activity of antibacterial material-modified calcined gypsum from phosphogypsum (CPG) was determined using the inhibition zone method and mold surface growth area analysis. Characterization techniques such as XRF, XRD, and SEM were used to study the phase composition and microstructure of the samples, and an antibacterial model was constructed to explore the antibacterial mechanism. The results indicated that using <italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli</italic> as an indicator bacterium, ZnO-0.05TiO<sub>2</sub>-CPG exhibited the best bactericidal effect, while ZnO-CPG exhibited the best bacteriostatic effect. Against mold, ZnO contents of 2.5% or 5% demonstrated strong antibacterial properties, with compressive strengths of 10.1 MPa and 9.95 MPa, respectively, meeting the requirements of ≥3.50 MPa for compressive strength according to the ‘Lightweight Partition Plates for Building’ standard (GB/T 23451 2009). The superior antibacterial performance of ZnO compared to TiO<sub>2</sub> is attributed to the slow release of Zn<sup>2+</sup>, which disrupts cell membranes and the generated reactive oxygen species inhibit cell growth.","PeriodicalId":18530,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Express","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the MIG welding process is utilized to weld a 3 mm thick 5052 aluminum alloy plate by using ER5356 welding wire as filler. The effects of different welding speeds on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld are systematically studied utilizing a metallographic microscope, x-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, room temperature tensile, and microhardness. It was found that there were pore defects in the samples at lower or higher welding speeds, and there was no penetration at the maximum welding speed. When the welding speed is 650 mm min−1, the weld is well-formed, the surface is flat without pores, the fish scale is evenly distributed, and the weld shows good penetration. The intermetallic compounds of all the welds are mainly composed of α(Al), Mg2Si, Al3Fe, and Al3Mg2. The mechanical properties of the samples show that the hardness of the weld reaches the maximum value of 56.7HV at this welding speed, and the tensile strength and elongation are 210 MPa and 14.3%, respectively. The fracture is located at the junction of the base metal and the heat-affected zone, and the fracture type showed typical ductile fracture.
{"title":"Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of 5052 aluminum alloy MIG welded joint for high-speed train","authors":"Shuang Liu, Zhanqi Liu, Haijiang Wang, Jianhui Liang and Xiaoou Zhu","doi":"10.1088/2053-1591/ad6b01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad6b01","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the MIG welding process is utilized to weld a 3 mm thick 5052 aluminum alloy plate by using ER5356 welding wire as filler. The effects of different welding speeds on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld are systematically studied utilizing a metallographic microscope, x-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, room temperature tensile, and microhardness. It was found that there were pore defects in the samples at lower or higher welding speeds, and there was no penetration at the maximum welding speed. When the welding speed is 650 mm min−1, the weld is well-formed, the surface is flat without pores, the fish scale is evenly distributed, and the weld shows good penetration. The intermetallic compounds of all the welds are mainly composed of α(Al), Mg2Si, Al3Fe, and Al3Mg2. The mechanical properties of the samples show that the hardness of the weld reaches the maximum value of 56.7HV at this welding speed, and the tensile strength and elongation are 210 MPa and 14.3%, respectively. The fracture is located at the junction of the base metal and the heat-affected zone, and the fracture type showed typical ductile fracture.","PeriodicalId":18530,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Express","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141947052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-11DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ad695b
Qing Hui Wang and Xue Song Li
Traditional methods for surface pretreatment of carbon fibers often rely on the use of precious metals like palladium and silver as activators to enhance surface reactivity through redox reactions, achieving metallization. However, such approaches are costly and economically inefficient. This study employed a cost-effective copper (Cu)-nickel (Ni) colloid mixture as an activator and investigated its effectiveness in enhancing surface reactivity. Meanwhile, it examined the influence of various parameters, such as pH value, reducing agent (formaldehyde (HCHO) concentration, temperature, and deposition duration, on the morphology and structure of copper-electrodeposited carbon fibers. To characterize the treated samples, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) were adopted, shedding light on the mechanism underlying copper electrodeposition on the carbon fiber surface. The results indicate that Cu-Ni colloid mixture activation exhibits significant improvements. The optimal conditions for uniform and smooth copper electrodeposition on the carbon fiber surface identified as follows: a pH value of 13.5, a HCHO concentration of 15 ml L−1, a temperature of 50 °C, and a deposition duration of 5 min. Consequently, these results represent a cost-effective alternative to traditional precious metal-based activation methods, with promising applications in surface pretreatment for carbon fibers.
碳纤维表面预处理的传统方法通常依赖于使用钯和银等贵金属作为活化剂，通过氧化还原反应提高表面活性，从而实现金属化。然而，这种方法成本高昂，经济效益低。本研究采用了一种具有成本效益的铜（Cu）-镍（Ni）胶体混合物作为活化剂，并研究了其在提高表面活性方面的有效性。同时，研究了各种参数，如 pH 值、还原剂（甲醛 (HCHO) 浓度、温度和沉积持续时间）对铜电沉积碳纤维形貌和结构的影响。为了表征处理过的样品，采用了扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和 X 射线光电子能谱仪（XPS），以揭示铜在碳纤维表面电沉积的机理。结果表明，Cu-Ni 胶体混合物活化效果显著。在碳纤维表面进行均匀、平滑的铜电沉积的最佳条件是：pH 值为 13.5，HCHO 浓度为 15 ml L-1，温度为 50 °C，沉积持续时间为 5 分钟。因此，这些结果代表了一种替代传统贵金属活化方法的经济有效的方法，在碳纤维表面预处理中具有广阔的应用前景。
{"title":"Electroless plating of copper on carbon fiber surfaces and corresponding mechanism","authors":"Qing Hui Wang and Xue Song Li","doi":"10.1088/2053-1591/ad695b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad695b","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional methods for surface pretreatment of carbon fibers often rely on the use of precious metals like palladium and silver as activators to enhance surface reactivity through redox reactions, achieving metallization. However, such approaches are costly and economically inefficient. This study employed a cost-effective copper (Cu)-nickel (Ni) colloid mixture as an activator and investigated its effectiveness in enhancing surface reactivity. Meanwhile, it examined the influence of various parameters, such as pH value, reducing agent (formaldehyde (HCHO) concentration, temperature, and deposition duration, on the morphology and structure of copper-electrodeposited carbon fibers. To characterize the treated samples, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) were adopted, shedding light on the mechanism underlying copper electrodeposition on the carbon fiber surface. The results indicate that Cu-Ni colloid mixture activation exhibits significant improvements. The optimal conditions for uniform and smooth copper electrodeposition on the carbon fiber surface identified as follows: a pH value of 13.5, a HCHO concentration of 15 ml L−1, a temperature of 50 °C, and a deposition duration of 5 min. Consequently, these results represent a cost-effective alternative to traditional precious metal-based activation methods, with promising applications in surface pretreatment for carbon fibers.","PeriodicalId":18530,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Express","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141946987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-11DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ad6afa
Nader Amini, Kazhal Naderi, Abbas Ahmadi, Kambiz Hassanzadeh, Mohammad-Nazir Menbari, Mohammad Abdi, Ebrahim Ghaderi and Mohammad-Rezgar Zarehbin
In this study, the electrochemical properties of aqueous chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) in the presence of Fe (II) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry at a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. The results showed that an EC′ reaction mechanism occurs, where electrochemically generated CPZ species (cation radical) are reduced by Fe (II) back to the parent CPZ, and Fe (II) is oxidized to Fe (III). The detection limit, sensitivity, and dynamic concentration ranges were 2.8 μM, 0.0188 μA μM−1 and 10–166 μM. Based on the electrochemical results, the interaction of chlorpromazine (CPZ), a widely used antipsychotic tranquillizer, with the allosteric protein, hemoglobin, has been studied. First, four groups of six female rats weighing 400–450 g were selected. The rats were injected with different concentrations of chlorpromazine over a 3-week period, and the concentrations of hemoglobin, methemoglobin, red blood cells (RBCs), and hematocrit (HCT) were analyzed in the blood of each rat. After injection of different concentrations of the drug, the amount of hemoglobin) as a source of Fe (II)) decreased, but the amount of methemoglobin (as a source of Fe (III) increased. In addition, UV spectroscopic measurements in the range of 200–700 nm indicate the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin in chlorpromazine-treated rats compared to the normal sample, and there was a direct relationship between the increasing methemoglobin concentration of chlorpromazine. Furthermore, the amount of RBC and HCT was measured. The results showed that RBC (21.05%–56.52%) and HCT (10.04%–53.19%) decreased. Finally, this study demonstrates a new mechanism for the effects of CPZ on hemoglobin iron in rat blood based on electrochemical results.
本研究在掺硼金刚石（BDD）电极上通过循环伏安法研究了盐酸氯丙嗪（CPZ）水溶液在铁（II）存在下的电化学性质。结果表明发生了 EC′ 反应机制，即电化学生成的 CPZ 物种（阳离子自由基）被 Fe (II) 还原成 CPZ 母体，而 Fe (II) 被氧化成 Fe (III)。检测限、灵敏度和动态浓度范围分别为 2.8 μM、0.0188 μA μM-1 和 10-166 μM。根据电化学结果，研究了氯丙嗪（CPZ）这种广泛使用的抗精神病镇定剂与异构蛋白血红蛋白的相互作用。首先，研究人员选取了四组体重为 400-450 克的六只雌性大鼠。给大鼠注射不同浓度的氯丙嗪，为期 3 周，分析每只大鼠血液中血红蛋白、高铁血红蛋白、红细胞（RBC）和血细胞比容（HCT）的浓度。注射不同浓度的药物后，作为铁（II）来源的血红蛋白量减少，但作为铁（III）来源的高铁血红蛋白量增加。此外，200-700 纳米范围内的紫外光谱测量结果表明，与正常样本相比，氯丙嗪处理的大鼠血红蛋白转化为高铁血红蛋白，而高铁血红蛋白浓度的增加与氯丙嗪有直接关系。此外，还测量了 RBC 和 HCT 的数量。结果显示，RBC（21.05%-56.52%）和 HCT（10.04%-53.19%）均有所下降。最后，本研究根据电化学结果证明了 CPZ 对大鼠血液中血红蛋白铁影响的新机制。
{"title":"Electrochemical oxidation of Fe (II) using chlorpromazine drug at boron-doped diamond electrode: application to in vivo mechanism study interaction of chlorpromazine on hemoglobin iron and evaluation of some biomolecules","authors":"Nader Amini, Kazhal Naderi, Abbas Ahmadi, Kambiz Hassanzadeh, Mohammad-Nazir Menbari, Mohammad Abdi, Ebrahim Ghaderi and Mohammad-Rezgar Zarehbin","doi":"10.1088/2053-1591/ad6afa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad6afa","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the electrochemical properties of aqueous chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) in the presence of Fe (II) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry at a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. The results showed that an EC′ reaction mechanism occurs, where electrochemically generated CPZ species (cation radical) are reduced by Fe (II) back to the parent CPZ, and Fe (II) is oxidized to Fe (III). The detection limit, sensitivity, and dynamic concentration ranges were 2.8 μM, 0.0188 μA μM−1 and 10–166 μM. Based on the electrochemical results, the interaction of chlorpromazine (CPZ), a widely used antipsychotic tranquillizer, with the allosteric protein, hemoglobin, has been studied. First, four groups of six female rats weighing 400–450 g were selected. The rats were injected with different concentrations of chlorpromazine over a 3-week period, and the concentrations of hemoglobin, methemoglobin, red blood cells (RBCs), and hematocrit (HCT) were analyzed in the blood of each rat. After injection of different concentrations of the drug, the amount of hemoglobin) as a source of Fe (II)) decreased, but the amount of methemoglobin (as a source of Fe (III) increased. In addition, UV spectroscopic measurements in the range of 200–700 nm indicate the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin in chlorpromazine-treated rats compared to the normal sample, and there was a direct relationship between the increasing methemoglobin concentration of chlorpromazine. Furthermore, the amount of RBC and HCT was measured. The results showed that RBC (21.05%–56.52%) and HCT (10.04%–53.19%) decreased. Finally, this study demonstrates a new mechanism for the effects of CPZ on hemoglobin iron in rat blood based on electrochemical results.","PeriodicalId":18530,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Express","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141946986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ad68cd
Dun Wu, Nan Wang, Jiaming Zhao, Jiaqi Liu, Rudong Zhou, Junfeng Cheng and Chunlin Liu
Hydrogen production via electrocatalytic water splitting is generally considered as an efficient and eco-friendly strategy for energy storage. The exploration of novel electrocatalytic cathode material towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has never ended. Laser induced graphene (LIG), as a cheap and porous material with large surface area, not only can be used as a carrier of active substances for collaborative catalysis towards hydrogen evolution, but also can be directly used as catalytic electrode via heteroatoms doping. We synthesized Fe3O4 embedded LIG via laser ablation of polyimide (PI)/Fe(acac)3 film and tested its HER electrocatalytic performance. An overpotential of 269 mV was obtained under the current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a slight current decay in the 10 h chronoamperometric examination in 1 M KOH electrolyte. This work provides an insight into methods of optimizing electrochemical properties and improving catalytic activity of LIG based materials. The performance of our Fe3O4 embedded LIG demonstrates the potential of LIG based materials as next generation HER electrocatalyst.
人们普遍认为，通过电催化分水制氢是一种高效、环保的储能策略。针对氢进化反应（HER）的新型电催化阴极材料的探索从未停止过。激光诱导石墨烯（LIG）作为一种廉价且比表面积大的多孔材料，不仅可以作为活性物质的载体协同催化氢气进化，还可以通过掺杂杂原子直接用作催化电极。我们通过激光烧蚀聚酰亚胺（PI）/Fe(acac)3 薄膜合成了嵌入 Fe3O4 的 LIG，并测试了其 HER 电催化性能。在 1 M KOH 电解液中，电流密度为 10 mA cm-2 时，过电位为 269 mV，10 h 的计时电流测试中电流略有衰减。这项研究为优化基于 LIG 的材料的电化学特性和提高其催化活性的方法提供了启示。我们的嵌入式 Fe3O4 LIG 的性能证明了基于 LIG 的材料作为下一代 HER 电催化剂的潜力。
{"title":"Synthesis of Fe3O4 embedded LIG via laser ablation of PI/Fe(acac)3 film for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution","authors":"Dun Wu, Nan Wang, Jiaming Zhao, Jiaqi Liu, Rudong Zhou, Junfeng Cheng and Chunlin Liu","doi":"10.1088/2053-1591/ad68cd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad68cd","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen production via electrocatalytic water splitting is generally considered as an efficient and eco-friendly strategy for energy storage. The exploration of novel electrocatalytic cathode material towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has never ended. Laser induced graphene (LIG), as a cheap and porous material with large surface area, not only can be used as a carrier of active substances for collaborative catalysis towards hydrogen evolution, but also can be directly used as catalytic electrode via heteroatoms doping. We synthesized Fe3O4 embedded LIG via laser ablation of polyimide (PI)/Fe(acac)3 film and tested its HER electrocatalytic performance. An overpotential of 269 mV was obtained under the current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a slight current decay in the 10 h chronoamperometric examination in 1 M KOH electrolyte. This work provides an insight into methods of optimizing electrochemical properties and improving catalytic activity of LIG based materials. The performance of our Fe3O4 embedded LIG demonstrates the potential of LIG based materials as next generation HER electrocatalyst.","PeriodicalId":18530,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Express","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：