Microvascular research最新文献

Glial and blood-brain barrier cell-derived exosomes: Implications in stroke

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q2 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE

Microvascular research

Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104812

Khiany Mathias , Richard Simon Machado , Taise Petronilho , Victor Augusto Rodrigues Sulzbacher , Victoria Linden de Rezende , Josiane Somariva Prophiro , Fabricia Petronilho

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by cells that play a pivotal role in intercellular communication, significantly influencing both the pathophysiology and potential treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). This review examines exosomes derived from key brain cell types, including microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NG2+ cells), endothelial cells, and pericytes, emphasizing their molecular cargo and functional impact in IS. Microglia-derived exosomes regulate neuroinflammation, with M2-type exosomes exhibiting neuroprotective effects, while astrocyte-derived exosomes modulate pathways involved in pyroptosis and autophagy, influencing neuronal survival. Oligodendrocyte and NG2+ cell-derived exosomes contribute to remyelination, axonal growth, and inflammatory modulation. Endothelial and pericyte-derived exosomes play critical roles in BBB integrity, neurovascular remodeling, and drug transport across the BBB. This synthesis highlights recent advances in understanding how exosome-mediated communication impacts IS recovery and explores their translational potential for biomarker development and targeted therapies. By manipulating exosomal composition and delivery mechanisms, novel therapeutic strategies may emerge, offering hope for improved IS treatment outcomes.

{"title":"Glial and blood-brain barrier cell-derived exosomes: Implications in stroke","authors":"Khiany Mathias , Richard Simon Machado , Taise Petronilho , Victor Augusto Rodrigues Sulzbacher , Victoria Linden de Rezende , Josiane Somariva Prophiro , Fabricia Petronilho","doi":"10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by cells that play a pivotal role in intercellular communication, significantly influencing both the pathophysiology and potential treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). This review examines exosomes derived from key brain cell types, including microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NG2+ cells), endothelial cells, and pericytes, emphasizing their molecular cargo and functional impact in IS. Microglia-derived exosomes regulate neuroinflammation, with M2-type exosomes exhibiting neuroprotective effects, while astrocyte-derived exosomes modulate pathways involved in pyroptosis and autophagy, influencing neuronal survival. Oligodendrocyte and NG2+ cell-derived exosomes contribute to remyelination, axonal growth, and inflammatory modulation. Endothelial and pericyte-derived exosomes play critical roles in BBB integrity, neurovascular remodeling, and drug transport across the BBB. This synthesis highlights recent advances in understanding how exosome-mediated communication impacts IS recovery and explores their translational potential for biomarker development and targeted therapies. By manipulating exosomal composition and delivery mechanisms, novel therapeutic strategies may emerge, offering hope for improved IS treatment outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18534,"journal":{"name":"Microvascular research","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 104812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of cuff location on the oxygenation and reperfusion of the foot during ischemic preconditioning: A reliability study

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q2 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE

Microvascular research

Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104811

Chloe French , Dan Robbins , Marie Gernigon , Dan Gordon

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) involves the application of occlusion cycles, typically prior to exercise. IPC is commonly applied at the arm or thigh for improving exercise performance, which can be combined with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess the microcirculation and tissue oxygenation. Despite the use of NIRS during IPC, few studies have investigated the reliability of NIRS during lower limb IPC with no relevant publications investigating IPC at the ankle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the intra-session reliability in the NIRS measurements during repeated IPC at the thigh, ankle and arm. Eighteen participants volunteered. IPC was applied at the thigh (220 mmHg), ankle (individualized arterial occlusion pressure: 212 ± 24 mmHg) and arm (220 mmHg) in a randomized order involving 3 repeated cycles of 5-min occlusion and reperfusion, within a session. NIRS recorded tissue oxygen saturation (SO₂), oxygenated (O₂Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) at the abductor hallucis muscle. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. For all NIRS measurements assessed, there was excellent reliability (All ICC > 0.94) for the average, minimum and maximum values. The results indicate that IPC can successfully be applied at the ankle, offering reliable measures between three repeated occlusions within a session.

{"title":"The influence of cuff location on the oxygenation and reperfusion of the foot during ischemic preconditioning: A reliability study","authors":"Chloe French , Dan Robbins , Marie Gernigon , Dan Gordon","doi":"10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) involves the application of occlusion cycles, typically prior to exercise. IPC is commonly applied at the arm or thigh for improving exercise performance, which can be combined with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess the microcirculation and tissue oxygenation. Despite the use of NIRS during IPC, few studies have investigated the reliability of NIRS during lower limb IPC with no relevant publications investigating IPC at the ankle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the intra-session reliability in the NIRS measurements during repeated IPC at the thigh, ankle and arm. Eighteen participants volunteered. IPC was applied at the thigh (220 mmHg), ankle (individualized arterial occlusion pressure: 212 ± 24 mmHg) and arm (220 mmHg) in a randomized order involving 3 repeated cycles of 5-min occlusion and reperfusion, within a session. NIRS recorded tissue oxygen saturation (SO<sub>2</sub>), oxygenated (O<sub>2</sub>Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) at the abductor hallucis muscle. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. For all NIRS measurements assessed, there was excellent reliability (All ICC > 0.94) for the average, minimum and maximum values. The results indicate that IPC can successfully be applied at the ankle, offering reliable measures between three repeated occlusions within a session.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18534,"journal":{"name":"Microvascular research","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 104811"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Localized pulmonary vascular changes in a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage created by combining filament perforation and blood injection

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q2 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE

Microvascular research

Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104810

Ryota Tochinai , Takaya Suzuki , Kenji Tomita , Shin-ichi Sekizawa , Yoshinori Okada , Yasuyuki Taki , Masayoshi Kuwahara , Tatsushi Mutoh

Introduction

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE), a condition with a high mortality rate arising from increased hydrostatic pressure and vascular permeability. Two possible mechanisms of NPE are increased hydrostatic pressure and increased vascular permeability, and it is possible that increased permeability of capillaries in the lungs may contribute to the exacerbation of NPE. Recent research has highlighted the importance of the glycocalyx, a gel-like layer that lines blood vessels, in regulating vascular permeability in various diseases. However, its role in NPE after SAH has not been previously explored. This study investigated the involvement of the glycocalyx in the development of NPE by developing a mouse model of SAH.

Methods

The SAH model was developed by combining internal carotid artery (ICA) perforation and blood infusion into the cisterna magna of mice. The histological structure of the lungs was confirmed using micro-CT, histopathological examination, and scanning electron microscopy.

Results

Despite no obvious micro-CT findings indicating pulmonary edema, histopathological changes in hematoxylin and eosin-stained lung were detected. Scanning electron microscopy revealed glycocalyx exfoliation within the pulmonary microvascular wall. A trend toward higher plasma syndecan-1 levels was also observed.

Conclusion

The combination of ICA perforation and blood infusion into the cisterna magna can produce pulmonary findings in mice that mimic NPE after SAH. The results also suggest that glycocalyx loss is involved in the development of NPE after SAH.

{"title":"Localized pulmonary vascular changes in a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage created by combining filament perforation and blood injection","authors":"Ryota Tochinai , Takaya Suzuki , Kenji Tomita , Shin-ichi Sekizawa , Yoshinori Okada , Yasuyuki Taki , Masayoshi Kuwahara , Tatsushi Mutoh","doi":"10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE), a condition with a high mortality rate arising from increased hydrostatic pressure and vascular permeability. Two possible mechanisms of NPE are increased hydrostatic pressure and increased vascular permeability, and it is possible that increased permeability of capillaries in the lungs may contribute to the exacerbation of NPE. Recent research has highlighted the importance of the glycocalyx, a gel-like layer that lines blood vessels, in regulating vascular permeability in various diseases. However, its role in NPE after SAH has not been previously explored. This study investigated the involvement of the glycocalyx in the development of NPE by developing a mouse model of SAH.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The SAH model was developed by combining internal carotid artery (ICA) perforation and blood infusion into the cisterna magna of mice. The histological structure of the lungs was confirmed using micro-CT, histopathological examination, and scanning electron microscopy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite no obvious micro-CT findings indicating pulmonary edema, histopathological changes in hematoxylin and eosin-stained lung were detected. Scanning electron microscopy revealed glycocalyx exfoliation within the pulmonary microvascular wall. A trend toward higher plasma syndecan-1 levels was also observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The combination of ICA perforation and blood infusion into the cisterna magna can produce pulmonary findings in mice that mimic NPE after SAH. The results also suggest that glycocalyx loss is involved in the development of NPE after SAH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18534,"journal":{"name":"Microvascular research","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 104810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increase in endothelial microparticles is negatively correlated with decrease in renal microperfusion in septic rats

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q2 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE

Microvascular research

Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104809

Xinjie Guo , Jingfeng Liu , Meili Duan

Introduction

Endothelial dysfunction is an important pathophysiological mechanism of septic acute kidney injury, and endothelial microparticles (EMPs) can directly reflect the endothelial damage. However, the relationship between EMPs and renal microperfusion remains unclear. In this study, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging and side-stream dark field imaging were used to evaluate the renal microcirculatory perfusion in septic rats.

Methods

A cecal ligation and puncture model was established for inducing septic kidney injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Later, the changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), lactate level, renal artery blood flow (RBF) and mean renal artery velocity were measured. Flow cytometry was conducted to measure EMPs, CEUS imaging was performed to evaluate cortical and medullary perfusion enhancement, and side-stream dark-field imaging was carried out to detect the perfused small vessel density (PVD) and microvascular flow index of the renal cortex.

Results

In the sepsis group, EMPs and lactate levels increased at 12 h, macrohemodynamics (MAP and RBF) did not change, and the mean artery velocity (547.76 ± 28.40 mm/s) increased compared with the sham group (421.78 ± 34.58 mm/s). Meanwhile, cortical peak echointensity (PE), medullary PE, PVD, and microvascular flow index (MFI) decreased at 12 h. The decreases in pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) suggested the damage of vascular appearance. The pathological results revealed erythrocyte stasis in the capillaries. At 24 h, macrodynamics decreased compared with that at 12 h. The EMPs and lactate levels reached a peak at 24 h. Glomerular vascular endothelium was locally thickened. Moreover, EMPs were negatively correlated with the decreased renal microcirculatory perfusion.

Conclusions

This study shows that endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are closely associated with renal microcirculatory dysfunction in septic acute kidney injury (S-AKI). CEUS can sensitively reflect changes in renal microperfusion, providing earlier indications of kidney injury compared to macrocirculatory changes, and holds potential for early diagnosis of S-AKI.

{"title":"Increase in endothelial microparticles is negatively correlated with decrease in renal microperfusion in septic rats","authors":"Xinjie Guo , Jingfeng Liu , Meili Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Endothelial dysfunction is an important pathophysiological mechanism of septic acute kidney injury, and endothelial microparticles (EMPs) can directly reflect the endothelial damage. However, the relationship between EMPs and renal microperfusion remains unclear. In this study, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging and side-stream dark field imaging were used to evaluate the renal microcirculatory perfusion in septic rats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cecal ligation and puncture model was established for inducing septic kidney injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Later, the changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), lactate level, renal artery blood flow (RBF) and mean renal artery velocity were measured. Flow cytometry was conducted to measure EMPs, CEUS imaging was performed to evaluate cortical and medullary perfusion enhancement, and side-stream dark-field imaging was carried out to detect the perfused small vessel density (PVD) and microvascular flow index of the renal cortex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the sepsis group, EMPs and lactate levels increased at 12 h, macrohemodynamics (MAP and RBF) did not change, and the mean artery velocity (547.76 ± 28.40 mm/s) increased compared with the sham group (421.78 ± 34.58 mm/s). Meanwhile, cortical peak echointensity (PE), medullary PE, PVD, and microvascular flow index (MFI) decreased at 12 h. The decreases in pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) suggested the damage of vascular appearance. The pathological results revealed erythrocyte stasis in the capillaries. At 24 h, macrodynamics decreased compared with that at 12 h. The EMPs and lactate levels reached a peak at 24 h. Glomerular vascular endothelium was locally thickened. Moreover, EMPs were negatively correlated with the decreased renal microcirculatory perfusion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study shows that endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are closely associated with renal microcirculatory dysfunction in septic acute kidney injury (S-AKI). CEUS can sensitively reflect changes in renal microperfusion, providing earlier indications of kidney injury compared to macrocirculatory changes, and holds potential for early diagnosis of S-AKI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18534,"journal":{"name":"Microvascular research","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 104809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

KATP channel inhibition-induced hyporemia in skeletal muscle: No evidence for pre-capillary sphincter action KATP 通道抑制诱导的骨骼肌低血流量：没有证据表明毛细血管前括约肌起作用。

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q2 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE

Microvascular research

Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104808

Kiana M. Schulze , Daniel M. Hirai , Trenton D. Colburn , Jesse C. Craig , Timothy I. Musch , David C. Poole

Introduction

Whether pre-capillary sphincters are present and regulate red blood cell (RBC) flux at the individual capillary level, especially in skeletal muscle, is controversial. Recently, blockade of K_ATP channels using the sulphonylurea glibenclamide (GLI) was demonstrated to reduce muscle blood flow and lower vascular conductance. The present investigation tested the hypothesis that, if pre-capillary sphincters were involved in GLI-induced blood flow reductions, a defined luminal narrowing would be evident in the proximate region of the capillaries.

Methods

Videomicroscopy of the spinotrapezius capillary bed was performed under control (Krebs-Henseleit) and GLI (200 μM in Krebs-Henseleit) superfusion. Capillary RBC flux was measured within individual capillaries and their luminal diameter was measured using a calibrated digital ruler at the branch-point and subsequently downstream.

Results

GLI reduced capillary RBC flux by 31% (p = 0.004). Despite the presence of a reduced RBC flux, no detectable reduction or, indeed, any change in capillary luminal diameter was present at any measurement site. The average diameter at the branching point was 4.9 ± 0.3 μm, and at 5, 10, 20 and 50 μm downstream, the average diameters were 4.8 ± 0.4, 4.8 ± 0.5, 5.0 ± 0.7, and 5.2 ± 0.4 μm, respectively and were unchanged by GLI (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Accordingly, the absence of any evidence for capillary luminal narrowing or constriction in these data support that the GLI-induced reductions in capillary RBC flux and muscle blood flow occur via upstream effects within the arteriolar bed. Decreases in skeletal muscle microcirculatory RBC flux with this K_ATP channel blocker were not regulated by any detectable capillary structural alterations.

{"title":"KATP channel inhibition-induced hyporemia in skeletal muscle: No evidence for pre-capillary sphincter action","authors":"Kiana M. Schulze , Daniel M. Hirai , Trenton D. Colburn , Jesse C. Craig , Timothy I. Musch , David C. Poole","doi":"10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Whether pre-capillary sphincters are present and regulate red blood cell (RBC) flux at the individual capillary level, especially in skeletal muscle, is controversial. Recently, blockade of K<sub>ATP</sub> channels using the sulphonylurea glibenclamide (GLI) was demonstrated to reduce muscle blood flow and lower vascular conductance. The present investigation tested the hypothesis that, if pre-capillary sphincters were involved in GLI-induced blood flow reductions, a defined luminal narrowing would be evident in the proximate region of the capillaries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Videomicroscopy of the spinotrapezius capillary bed was performed under control (Krebs-Henseleit) and GLI (200 μM in Krebs-Henseleit) superfusion. Capillary RBC flux was measured within individual capillaries and their luminal diameter was measured using a calibrated digital ruler at the branch-point and subsequently downstream.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GLI reduced capillary RBC flux by 31% (<em>p</em> = 0.004). Despite the presence of a reduced RBC flux, no detectable reduction or, indeed, any change in capillary luminal diameter was present at any measurement site. The average diameter at the branching point was 4.9 ± 0.3 μm, and at 5, 10, 20 and 50 μm downstream, the average diameters were 4.8 ± 0.4, 4.8 ± 0.5, 5.0 ± 0.7, and 5.2 ± 0.4 μm, respectively and were unchanged by GLI (all <em>P</em> > 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Accordingly, the absence of any evidence for capillary luminal narrowing or constriction in these data support that the GLI-induced reductions in capillary RBC flux and muscle blood flow occur via upstream effects within the arteriolar bed. Decreases in skeletal muscle microcirculatory RBC flux with this K<sub>ATP</sub> channel blocker were not regulated by any detectable capillary structural alterations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18534,"journal":{"name":"Microvascular research","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 104808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to "Morphometrics of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy lesions and choroidal vascular associated with treatment response using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography" [Microvasc. Res. 157 (2025) 104759]. 多形性脉络膜血管病病变的形态计量学以及使用扫源光学相干断层血管造影与治疗反应相关的脉络膜血管》[Microvasc. Res. 157 (2025) 104759]的更正。

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q2 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE

Microvascular research

Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104807

Yue Zhang, Jianing Wang, Zhaoxia Zheng, Shuang Song, Xiaoya Gu, Xiaobing Yu

引用次数: 0

Lymphatics in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q2 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE

Microvascular research

Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104806

Domenico Ribatti

The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) has been used as an experimental in vivo model to study angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis. Moreover, due to the lack of a fully developed immunocompetent system, the CAM is suitable to study various aspects of tumor angiogenesis and metastatic potential. In this article, we emphasize the important role of the CAM also in the study of lymphangiogenesis and tumor lymphangiogenesis in vivo. This experimental model is more advantageous than other assays because it is a relatively simple, quick, and low-cost. Finally, it does not require administrative procedures to obtain ethics committee approval for animal experimentation.

引用次数: 0

Interplay between platelet and T lymphocyte after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): Evidence for platelet mediated post-CABG immunomodulation

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q2 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE

Microvascular research

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104805

Fateme Farhid , Ehteramolsadat Hosseini , Faranak Kargar , Mehran Ghasemzadeh

Background

On-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) triggers inflammatory responses as a result of surgical stress and extracorporeal circulation, which affect platelet and leukocyte activation while enhancing their intimate crosstalk. Given this, the study presented here aimed to investigate platelet-T cell interaction after CABG focusing on the changes in immunomodulatory subtypes of regulatory T Cells.

Methods

Blood samples were obtained from twenty patients undergoing on-pump CABG at 5 different time points of 24 h before, immediately, 2 h, 24 h, and one week after surgery. Total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were determined using an automatic cell counter. Platelet P-selectin expression, frequencies of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, platelet-T cell aggregates (PTCAs), and regulatory T cells derived from CD4⁺ (T4reg) and CD8⁺ (T8reg) cells, were assessed by flow cytometry.

Results

A significant increase in total leukocyte count occurred immediately after CABG, whereas, conversely, lymphocyte and CD4⁺ T cells but not CD8⁺ T cells decreased 2 h after surgery. However, all these changes returned to pre-CABG baseline levels within a week. Platelet P-selectin expression increased immediately after surgery, followed by a two-hour delay after PTCA, and both returned to baseline after one week. T4regs and T8regs showed a similar increase and decrease trend, where T8regs but not T4regs returned to baseline one week after surgery.

Conclusion

CABG surgery induces an inflammatory response that activates platelets and enhances P-selectin expression, facilitating PTCA formation. This mechanism is critical for the dynamics and differentiation of T cells, which play an essential role in post-CABG modulation of immune responses.

{"title":"Interplay between platelet and T lymphocyte after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): Evidence for platelet mediated post-CABG immunomodulation","authors":"Fateme Farhid , Ehteramolsadat Hosseini , Faranak Kargar , Mehran Ghasemzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>On-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) triggers inflammatory responses as a result of surgical stress and extracorporeal circulation, which affect platelet and leukocyte activation while enhancing their intimate crosstalk. Given this, the study presented here aimed to investigate platelet-T cell interaction after CABG focusing on the changes in immunomodulatory subtypes of regulatory T Cells.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Blood samples were obtained from twenty patients undergoing on-pump CABG at 5 different time points of 24 h before, immediately, 2 h, 24 h, and one week after surgery. Total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were determined using an automatic cell counter. Platelet P-selectin expression, frequencies of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, platelet-T cell aggregates (PTCAs), and regulatory T cells derived from CD4<sup>+</sup> (T4reg) and CD8<sup>+</sup> (T8reg) cells, were assessed by flow cytometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A significant increase in total leukocyte count occurred immediately after CABG, whereas, conversely, lymphocyte and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells but not CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells decreased 2 h after surgery. However, all these changes returned to pre-CABG baseline levels within a week. Platelet P-selectin expression increased immediately after surgery, followed by a two-hour delay after PTCA, and both returned to baseline after one week. T4regs and T8regs showed a similar increase and decrease trend, where T8regs but not T4regs returned to baseline one week after surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CABG surgery induces an inflammatory response that activates platelets and enhances P-selectin expression, facilitating PTCA formation. This mechanism is critical for the dynamics and differentiation of T cells, which play an essential role in post-CABG modulation of immune responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18534,"journal":{"name":"Microvascular research","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 104805"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level as a predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in patients undergoing catheterization

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q2 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE

Microvascular research

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104797

Fadia Mayyas

Background

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) represent a global health burden contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. The neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a small glycoprotein, is secreted by inflammatory neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, playing a role in inflammation. However, its relevance as a predictor of ASCVDs risk across patients from low to very high-risk, and correlation with the need for revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) remains largely unexplored. Our objective was to assess plasma NGAl levels in patients with low to very high risk of ASCVD and their relationship with the severity of CAD and the requirement for revascularization.

Methods

Outpatients and patients undergoing catheterization were categorized into low, moderate, high, and very high risk of ASCVD. Plasma levels of NGAL were measured using ELISA and analyzed in relation to CAD status and the need for revascularization by PCI or CABG.

Results

Plasma NGAl levels were elevated in CAD patients, with higher levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome compared to those with stable angina. A gradual increase in plasma NGAl levels was noted with the elevated risk of ASCVD and degree of coronary artery stenosis. Notably, plasma NGAl level was independently correlated with ASCVD risk and the need for revascularization by PCI.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that plasma NGAl levels are linked to the risk of ASCVD and may help predict the development and severity of CAD. Further research targeting NGAL could explore its potential to mitigate the risk of ASCVD.

{"title":"Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level as a predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in patients undergoing catheterization","authors":"Fadia Mayyas","doi":"10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) represent a global health burden contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. The neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a small glycoprotein, is secreted by inflammatory neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, playing a role in inflammation. However, its relevance as a predictor of ASCVDs risk across patients from low to very high-risk, and correlation with the need for revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) remains largely unexplored. Our objective was to assess plasma NGAl levels in patients with low to very high risk of ASCVD and their relationship with the severity of CAD and the requirement for revascularization.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Outpatients and patients undergoing catheterization were categorized into low, moderate, high, and very high risk of ASCVD. Plasma levels of NGAL were measured using ELISA and analyzed in relation to CAD status and the need for revascularization by PCI or CABG.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Plasma NGAl levels were elevated in CAD patients, with higher levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome compared to those with stable angina. A gradual increase in plasma NGAl levels was noted with the elevated risk of ASCVD and degree of coronary artery stenosis. Notably, plasma NGAl level was independently correlated with ASCVD risk and the need for revascularization by PCI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study indicates that plasma NGAl levels are linked to the risk of ASCVD and may help predict the development and severity of CAD. Further research targeting NGAL could explore its potential to mitigate the risk of ASCVD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18534,"journal":{"name":"Microvascular research","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 104797"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Imaging the microvasculature using nailfold capillaroscopy in patients with coronavirus disease-2019; A cross-sectional study

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q2 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE

Microvascular research

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104796

S. Wilkinson , J. Wilkinson , A. Grace , D. Lyon , M. Mellor , T. Yunus , J. Manning , G. Dinsdale , M. Berks , S. Knight , N. Bakerly , A. Gebril , P. Dark , A. Herrick , C. Taylor , M. Dickinson , A. Murray

Objectives

It is understood that microvascular dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of an automated, quantitative nailfold capillaroscopy system in identifying microvascular changes in those confirmed with or having had COVID-19.

Methods

Ninety-seven participants were enrolled into this study and grouped as follows: 52 participants with acute COVID-19 (further grouped by disease severity) and 45 participants with convalescent COVID-19 (further grouped into long COVID i.e. symptoms beyond 12 weeks, and fully recovered). Nailfold capillaroscopy images were obtained from the bilateral ring fingers using a Dino-Lite CapillaryScope 200 Pro, a small USB handheld microscope. Images were assessed quantitatively using bespoke automated measurement software and the number of haemorrhages noted for each participant.

Results

Capillaries were predominantly ‘normal’ in appearance with narrow capillary loops and evenly distributed, but with an increased number of haemorrhages (40 % in the convalescent group and 17 % in the acute group, p = 0.007). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean width of capillaries (20.9–21.8 μm) or vessel density (9.6–9.9 caps/mm; acute and convalescent group, respectively).

Conclusions

This study has demonstrated the feasibility of nailfold capillaroscopy at the critical care bedside. Capillary structure appeared normal across all groups of individuals affected by COVID-19. Although the small differences in the microvasculature in recovered patients compared to in acutely unwell patients may suggest delayed structural change due to COVID-19, these differences are unlikely to be clinically relevant. Longitudinal studies would be required to explore this in more detail.

研究目的据了解，微血管功能障碍在 SARS-CoV-2 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的发病机制中起着关键作用。本研究的目的是评估自动定量甲襞毛细血管镜系统在识别确诊为 COVID-19 或曾患 COVID-19 的患者的微血管变化方面的实用性：本研究共招募了 97 名参与者，并将其分组如下：52名参与者患有急性COVID-19（根据疾病严重程度进一步分组），45名参与者患有恢复期COVID-19（进一步分为长期COVID，即症状超过12周且完全恢复）。使用小型 USB 手持显微镜 Dino-Lite CapillaryScope 200 Pro 获取双侧无名指的甲沟毛细血管镜图像。使用定制的自动测量软件对图像进行定量评估，并记录每位参与者的出血数量：结果：毛细血管外观主要 "正常"，毛细血管环狭窄，分布均匀，但出血数量增加（康复组为 40%，急性组为 17%，P = 0.007）。毛细血管的平均宽度（20.9-21.8 μm）和血管密度（9.6-9.9 个/mm；急性组和康复组分别为 9.6-9.9 个/mm）在统计学上没有明显差异：这项研究证明了在重症监护床旁进行甲襞毛细血管镜检查的可行性。所有受 COVID-19 影响的人群的毛细血管结构均正常。虽然康复患者的微血管与急性不适患者的微血管相比存在微小差异，这可能表明 COVID-19 导致的结构延迟变化，但这些差异不太可能与临床相关。需要进行纵向研究来更详细地探讨这一问题。

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引用次数: 0