Microsystem Technologies最新文献

Technology is developing at a very rapid rate. There is fierce rivalry. Therefore, creating a system that works effectively is imperative. We must create improved interactions between the various parts of the system in order to achieve this goal. The ARM AMBA protocol satisfies this set of criteria. The on-chip protocol used for interactions among parts of SoC or ASIC is called AMBA. Modern SoC architectures must integrate AHP and APB in order to maximize communication between high performance and low power peripherals. AHB 2 APB Bridge makes major contributions to improving the interconnectivity, performance, and functionality of SoC designs.The implementation of an AHP to APB bridge using Verilog is presented in this project, enabling smooth control signal and data transfer between these popular bus protocols. By enabling high-speed peripherals interfaced with the AHP bus to communicate effectively with lower-speed peripherals attached to the APB bus, the proposed AHP 2 APB bridge is intended to improve the flexibility and compatibility of SoC architectures. Hardware description language (HDL) constructs in Verilog are used to implement the bridge. Bridges are common bus-to-bus interconnections that make uniform interconnection across IP addresses belonging to various buses. we created a testbench and comprehensible design for the AHB to APB bridge in this project so that it could be functionally verified in Verilog HDL. Xilinx 14.7 ISE is the software tool that we have utilized.

This research has the objective to design an electrical circuit model which can compute the respiratory process. This analysis of the proposed electrical circuit model has been done in linear, non-linear, and hardware experimental processes. This work presents the electrical model realization of the respiratory system along with the introduction of a state space model under the nonlinear control domain to realize the same. Through dead and saturation zone nonlinearity, the output response of this model has been restored and its polar plot has been reexamined to determine the intersection of this characterizing function. The simulation's outcome suggests that the system is stable, based on the idea of a limit cycle in a nonlinear domain. The ExpEYES-17 development kit was used to implement the suggested circuit as proposed hardware implantable model and justified it as a reliable system. Various achieved output shows that within the lung frequency range 0.25 Hz–5 Hz, the generated output pressure is within the range of 25 to 33 Pa which resembles pressure of human lung.

Detecting dangerous gases is crucial for protecting human and environmental health. Industrial waste gases like CO, NO2, H2S, and NH3 have long been a concern for investigators. Gas sensors, particularly chemi-resistive sensors, are widely used in industries to detect leaks and manage gas concentrations. Traditional gas sensors have utilized semiconducting oxides such as SnO2, ZnO, Fe2O3, and In2O3. However, conducting polymers, like polyaniline, have emerged as ideal materials for gas sensors due to their ability to operate at room temperature. This paper investigates the simulation performance of gas sensors based on a polyaniline-graphene oxide (PANI/GO) nanocomposite, fabricated using inkjet printing. The study analyzes various factors that affect sensor performance, including responsivity, sensitivity, gas concentration, response time, and recovery time, using Atomistix ToolKit. The results show that the PANI/GO nanocomposite-based gas sensor outperforms existing nanomaterial-based sensors, demonstrating its potential as an effective candidate for detecting dangerous gases. To improve the behavior of the gas sensor, the chemicals are first synthesized, and then the composite is printed using inkjet technology. The simulation using Atomistix ToolKit allows for a comprehensive analysis of the sensor's performance, considering factors like responsivity, sensitivity, gas concentration, response time, and recovery time. Compared to existing nanomaterial-based sensors, the proposed gas sensor proves to be effective.

We describe the design and performance of a portable closed electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) system for digital microfluidics applications. The system is cost-effective and is capable of controlling the motion of one or more droplets under the influence of an asymmetric electric field. Using polypropylene (commercial cello tape) as a dielectric layer with Glaco^™ spray to create a hydrophobic surface lowers device fabrication cost. For the first time, a superhydrophobic Glaco^™ layer (equilibrium contact angle ~ 150°) is used for the EWOD device fabrication. The device has four modules that are designed to provide a high actuation voltage in the range of 5–300 V_DC over the array of electrode pads. Given a large enough electrode array over the lower surface, the effect of the applied potential of the top electrode on droplet motion is studied via numerical simulation and is shown to be insignificant. This result further helps in simplifying the fabrication process. The user-friendly interface that defines droplet motion is designed using Qt, a cross-platform framework that is used as a graphical toolkit and an open-source image processing software in Raspberry Pi. Two types of closed EWOD configurations are developed to demonstrate their features in terms of moving and merging multiple droplets. For the designs implemented, the greatest speed of droplet movement at 295 V_DC was measured to be 60 mm/s. Additional features of the device include calculation of the real-time mixing index and a thermal management module for temperature control. The simplicity of design and low-cost makes the device attractive for studying electrically induced drop motion on one end to a biomedical diagnostic test kit, on the other.

This paper introduces control algorithms aimed at improving the stability of a mobile cable-driven parallel robot (MCDPRs), consisting of four mobile platforms and eight cables during motion. The discussed algorithms include cable length control (CLC), addressing target cable length calculation through inverse kinematics, considering pulley influence; the tension distribution algorithm (TDA) for cable tension calculation to maintain static equilibrium at the end-effector and cable length control based on tension errors; path curvature-based localization (CBL) that estimates robot positions using curved path predictions from robot velocities and angular velocities; and adaptive velocity control(AVC), which sustains robot formation by providing feedback on robot positions. Experimental verification was conducted using a prototype MCDPRs. Results indicated that all algorithms reduced both position and tension errors. Notably, algorithms directly affecting cable control, especially CLC and TDA, had a more pronounced impact on tension errors. Failure to apply CLC, in particular, led to extremely high tensions, resulting in slip and tipping in each robot and larger position errors. These findings contribute to the advancement of MCDPRs technology, enhancing its stability and reliability for various applications.

This study focused on optimizing the stator and rotor shapes of a 30 kW electric vehicle interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) to enhance its torque characteristics. Twelve design variables for both stator and rotor were selected for the optimization process. Metamodels, generated using an optimal Latin hypercube design, were employed to obtain the optimal IPMSM solution. Parametric sensitivity analysis performed the adjustment of design variable ranges, leading to the optimal solution through the progressive quadratic response surface method (PQRSM). Verification was carried out through finite element analysis, encompassing electromagnetic, demagnetization, and structural analyses. The optimal model maintained the same rated torque and efficiency as the initial model but reduced torque ripple by 19.4% and peak-to-peak cogging torque by 40.2%. Fast Fourier transform analysis revealed an increased fundamental frequency component in the back electromotive force (back EMF) of the optimal model compared to that of the initial model. Furthermore, demagnetization analysis demonstrated that the IPMSM can be operated even at 150 °C. Structural analysis indicated a 26.1% reduction in von Mises stress on the barrier between two permanent magnets. Efficiency analysis under maximum torque per ampere control yielded an efficiency of 96.7% at a rated torque of 95.5 Nm and a rated speed of 3000 rpm. These results show that the proposed optimal design process significantly improve the torque characteristics of IPMSM.

Computer-assisted surgical navigation systems have gained popularity in surgical procedures that demand high amounts of precision. These systems aim to track the real-time positioning of surgical instruments in relation to anatomical structures. Typically, state-of-the-art methods involve tracking reflective 3D marker spheres affixed to both surgical instruments and patient anatomies with infrared cameras. However, these setups are expensive and financially impractical for small healthcare facilities. This study suggests that a fully optical navigation approach utilizing low-cost, off-the-shelf parts may become a viable alternative. We develop a stereoscopic camera setup, costing around $120, to track and monitor the translational movement of open-source based fiducial markers on a positioning platform. We evaluate the camera setup based on its reliability and accuracy. Using the optimal set of parameters, we were able to produce a root mean square error of 2 mm. These results demonstrate the feasibility of real-time, cost-effective surgical navigation using off-the-shelf optical cameras.

Now a days there is a dramatic increase in interest in next-generation biosensors for use in point-of-care (PoCT) devices. A potentiometric device is designed using semiconducting materials. It is gaining attention as a potential tool for creating advanced biosensors. The Classical Field Effect Transistor (CFET) based biosensors have some limitations because of short channel effects (SCEs). Thus, TFET based biosensor devices are required to resolve these issues. Comprehensive and systematic study of the junction-less and doping-less TFET-based biosensor is conducted to achieve label-free detection of biomolecules. Compared to junction-based TFET biosensors, the sensitivity of the junction-less TFET biosensors is better. Because the problem of excessive leakage current is eliminated. This review specially focused on the latest JLTFET device is studied to make the better understanding of the technology incubation to the upcoming researchers. Performance parameters like, ON current (I_ON), device sensitivity, switching current ratio (I_ON/I_OFF), and the subthreshold swing are compared.

Energy dissipation through support structures is one of the dominant loss mechanisms in MEMS resonators, which results in a very low quality (Q) factor. This paper aims to propose a one-dimensional phononic crystal (PnC) structure, namely a compound leaf-shaped phononic crystal (PnC) strip (TYPE_PROP), as anchor tethers to boost the anchor quality factor ((Q_{anchor})) of a thin-film aluminium nitride (AlN)-on-silicon (Si) MEMS resonator. Thus, its Q can achieve a superior value. The operating frequency and mode of the resonator are 123.49 MHz and a length extensional (LE) mode, respectively. This frequency falls into the band gap frequency range of 52 MHz of the TYPE_PROP. The (Q_{anchor}) of the resonator with unit cell number variation of the TYPE_PROP tether is studied. From these investigations, the effectiveness of the tether in reducing/eliminating the anchor energy loss is evaluated. Furthermore, this (Q_{anchor}) is also compared to the same resonator structure with two conventional tether types. Additionally, the variation of the band gaps’ properties versus the dimensional parameters of the TYPE_PROP are also evaluated. The COMSOL Multiphysics platform based numerical results demonstrate that the (Q_{anchor}) of the resonator with the TYPE_PROP based tethers achieves superior values compared to its counterparts. Specifically, this value is about 5.42 (times) (10^{12}) and 23.74 times higher than that of the TYPE_CON1 and TYPE_CON2, respectively. The (Q_{anchor}) improvement of the LE mode MEMS resonator using the TYPE_PROP achieves higher values than that using two conventional tether configurations.