Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.23919/WONS.2019.8795495
Sebastian Boehm, H. Koenig
Low-rate and low-power wireless communications are still the main drivers for innovative industrial automation and the Internet of Things (IoT). Physical mobility is one of the most important challenges for them. Common wireless technologies and protocols, e.g., WirelessHART and ISA100.11a Wireless for industrial process plants, ZigBee for building automation, or 6LoWPAN and 6TiSCH in context of the IoT, are based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Event-based simulation is the method of choice for analyzing network protocols and algorithmic applications of such distributed sensor applications. Performance measurements and holistic evaluations, however, are greatly influenced by the underlying hardware resources, physical layer protocols, and radio channel conditions, which are usually not considered or highly abstracted in network simulations. In this paper we present SEmulate, a hybrid system for seamless (network) simulation and hardware-based emulation for wireless sensor networks based on the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol standard, which takes the hardware aspects into account by applying an Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) approach.
{"title":"SEmulate: Seamless Network Protocol Simulation and Radio Channel Emulation for Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Sebastian Boehm, H. Koenig","doi":"10.23919/WONS.2019.8795495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/WONS.2019.8795495","url":null,"abstract":"Low-rate and low-power wireless communications are still the main drivers for innovative industrial automation and the Internet of Things (IoT). Physical mobility is one of the most important challenges for them. Common wireless technologies and protocols, e.g., WirelessHART and ISA100.11a Wireless for industrial process plants, ZigBee for building automation, or 6LoWPAN and 6TiSCH in context of the IoT, are based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Event-based simulation is the method of choice for analyzing network protocols and algorithmic applications of such distributed sensor applications. Performance measurements and holistic evaluations, however, are greatly influenced by the underlying hardware resources, physical layer protocols, and radio channel conditions, which are usually not considered or highly abstracted in network simulations. In this paper we present SEmulate, a hybrid system for seamless (network) simulation and hardware-based emulation for wireless sensor networks based on the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol standard, which takes the hardware aspects into account by applying an Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) approach.","PeriodicalId":185451,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116853492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.23919/WONS.2019.8795476
E. Maher, A. El-Mahdy
Heterogeneous wireless networks (HetNets) are becoming an integral part of future generation networks, where the macro-cell base stations (MBSs), small cell base stations (SCBSs), and device-to-device (D2D) enabled links coexist together. Frequency reuse is employed to maximize capacity gains. However one major challenge is introducing the fundamental problem of interference management in the network caused by the sharing of the spectrum among the different tiers of the HetNet. Power control (PC) is one technique for interference management which can also be used to enhance the overall system efficiency. The objective of this paper is to study the problem of cross-tier interference management for underlay D2D users in a heterogeneous macro-small cell network assuming imperfect Channel State Information (CSI). The network consists of one macro-cell with a centered MBS and one small-cell cellular user equipment (SUE) linked to its SCBS. Fractional programming (FP) is used to solve the optimization problem of power allocation in the network to find the optimal power that maximizes the sum rate of D2D and small cellular users while guaranteeing a minimum quality of service (QoS) of the macro cellular user.
{"title":"Uplink Power Control for D2D-enabled HetNet with Partial CSI via Fractional Programming","authors":"E. Maher, A. El-Mahdy","doi":"10.23919/WONS.2019.8795476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/WONS.2019.8795476","url":null,"abstract":"Heterogeneous wireless networks (HetNets) are becoming an integral part of future generation networks, where the macro-cell base stations (MBSs), small cell base stations (SCBSs), and device-to-device (D2D) enabled links coexist together. Frequency reuse is employed to maximize capacity gains. However one major challenge is introducing the fundamental problem of interference management in the network caused by the sharing of the spectrum among the different tiers of the HetNet. Power control (PC) is one technique for interference management which can also be used to enhance the overall system efficiency. The objective of this paper is to study the problem of cross-tier interference management for underlay D2D users in a heterogeneous macro-small cell network assuming imperfect Channel State Information (CSI). The network consists of one macro-cell with a centered MBS and one small-cell cellular user equipment (SUE) linked to its SCBS. Fractional programming (FP) is used to solve the optimization problem of power allocation in the network to find the optimal power that maximizes the sum rate of D2D and small cellular users while guaranteeing a minimum quality of service (QoS) of the macro cellular user.","PeriodicalId":185451,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130122296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.23919/WONS.2019.8795491
R. C. A. Alves, C. Margi, F. Kuipers
The Internet of Things (IoT) has and will continue to permeate many aspects of everyday life. However, IoT devices often use wireless communication to transfer their data, which may experience ambient noise and multipath fading. This, together with the wide heterogeneity in types of devices, leads to the emergence of unidirectional links in IoT networks. Surprisingly, many routing protocols for wireless networks either do not account for such links or employ radical mechanisms, like blacklisting. In this paper, we leverage the features of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to develop a network discovery algorithm that is able to cope with unidirectional links, while containing the control overhead. We provide a proof-of-concept implementation of an SDN protocol for constrained devices that uses our algorithm and perform experiments. The experiment results show that our solution is scalable and performs well both for unidirectional links as well as for fully bidirectional networks.
{"title":"No way back? An SDN protocol for directed IoT networks","authors":"R. C. A. Alves, C. Margi, F. Kuipers","doi":"10.23919/WONS.2019.8795491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/WONS.2019.8795491","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) has and will continue to permeate many aspects of everyday life. However, IoT devices often use wireless communication to transfer their data, which may experience ambient noise and multipath fading. This, together with the wide heterogeneity in types of devices, leads to the emergence of unidirectional links in IoT networks. Surprisingly, many routing protocols for wireless networks either do not account for such links or employ radical mechanisms, like blacklisting. In this paper, we leverage the features of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to develop a network discovery algorithm that is able to cope with unidirectional links, while containing the control overhead. We provide a proof-of-concept implementation of an SDN protocol for constrained devices that uses our algorithm and perform experiments. The experiment results show that our solution is scalable and performs well both for unidirectional links as well as for fully bidirectional networks.","PeriodicalId":185451,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121839931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.23919/WONS.2019.8795490
Mehdi Salehi Heydar Abad, Emre Ozfatura, Özgür Erçetin, Deniz Gündüz
Content storage at the network edge is a promising solution to mitigate excessive content traffic. To this end, cache-enabled cellular architectures can be utilized to reduce the network cost. However, content storage strategies should be able to take into account user satisfaction, which depends on the age of a dynamic content. The ratio of satisfied users can be increased with more frequent cache refreshment, albeit at an increased network cost. In this paper, we introduce a cache refreshment strategy that strikes a balance between user satisfaction and the infrastructure cost.
{"title":"Dynamic Content Updates in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks","authors":"Mehdi Salehi Heydar Abad, Emre Ozfatura, Özgür Erçetin, Deniz Gündüz","doi":"10.23919/WONS.2019.8795490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/WONS.2019.8795490","url":null,"abstract":"Content storage at the network edge is a promising solution to mitigate excessive content traffic. To this end, cache-enabled cellular architectures can be utilized to reduce the network cost. However, content storage strategies should be able to take into account user satisfaction, which depends on the age of a dynamic content. The ratio of satisfied users can be increased with more frequent cache refreshment, albeit at an increased network cost. In this paper, we introduce a cache refreshment strategy that strikes a balance between user satisfaction and the infrastructure cost.","PeriodicalId":185451,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128184465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.23919/WONS.2019.8795504
Felix Ngobigha, S. Walker, G. Koczian, G. Howell, John Prentice
From the clients' side, future generations of railway passenger services should deliver on-board data rate that exceed customer expectations. From the infrastructure perspective safety, security, maintenance and crime prevention must be enhanced in line with reduced journey times even on international services. At present, the gross information capacity of intra-train guided media at 100s Mbit/s is already inadequate ($< mathbf{200}$ Kbit/s per user) even as the roll-out of 5G technologies continues apace. This paper presents a new approach to providing higher data rates ($approx mathbf{100}$ Mbit/s per user) with rail-approved assemblies of media, such as twisted-pair copper cables and enhanced connectors. We present experimental throughput results on realworld railway rolling stock showing that standard Cat 5e and higher specification twisted-pair copper cable assemblies offer 40 Gbit/s data capacity between present-day train carriages.
{"title":"Demonstration of 40 Gbit/s conducting media data capacity on international rolling stock","authors":"Felix Ngobigha, S. Walker, G. Koczian, G. Howell, John Prentice","doi":"10.23919/WONS.2019.8795504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/WONS.2019.8795504","url":null,"abstract":"From the clients' side, future generations of railway passenger services should deliver on-board data rate that exceed customer expectations. From the infrastructure perspective safety, security, maintenance and crime prevention must be enhanced in line with reduced journey times even on international services. At present, the gross information capacity of intra-train guided media at 100s Mbit/s is already inadequate ($< mathbf{200}$ Kbit/s per user) even as the roll-out of 5G technologies continues apace. This paper presents a new approach to providing higher data rates ($approx mathbf{100}$ Mbit/s per user) with rail-approved assemblies of media, such as twisted-pair copper cables and enhanced connectors. We present experimental throughput results on realworld railway rolling stock showing that standard Cat 5e and higher specification twisted-pair copper cable assemblies offer 40 Gbit/s data capacity between present-day train carriages.","PeriodicalId":185451,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131349258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.23919/WONS.2019.8795451
Mahsa Sadeghi Ghahroudi, A. Shahrabi, T. Boutaleb
Node deployment is one of the fundamental issues in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) which has not only a direct impact on the effectiveness of other operations, such as routing and data fusion, but also on the appropriateness of the provided coverage expected in many applications such as national security, surveillance, military, health care, and environmental monitoring. In mobile sensor networks, the resource-constrained move-assisted sensor nodes are used in an area to maximise the coverage within a reasonable time and energy cost. Recently, a family of algorithms, inspired by the equilibrium of molecules, have been proposed to address the coverage issue. However, these solutions lead to high energy cost and latency due to two major issues. First, almost all the nodes in the network try to move to a new position at each stage. Even worse, the decision made at each node on to which point to move at each stage is purely based on obsolete information, i.e. the current locations of moving neighbouring nodes. In this paper, we propose a new distributed algorithm, called SSND, to efficiently provide the maximum coverage for WSNs that use mobile nodes. SSND avoids to collectively, and blindly, move sensor nodes at each step but to apply an eligibility function to elect a few nodes to move using the valid information to obtain the maximum effect. Our extensive simulation study under various operational conditions shows not only a higher percentage of area coverage by SSND but with much lower power consumption and latency than those of the other protocols recently reported in the literature.
{"title":"A Smart Self-Organizing Node Deployment Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Mahsa Sadeghi Ghahroudi, A. Shahrabi, T. Boutaleb","doi":"10.23919/WONS.2019.8795451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/WONS.2019.8795451","url":null,"abstract":"Node deployment is one of the fundamental issues in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) which has not only a direct impact on the effectiveness of other operations, such as routing and data fusion, but also on the appropriateness of the provided coverage expected in many applications such as national security, surveillance, military, health care, and environmental monitoring. In mobile sensor networks, the resource-constrained move-assisted sensor nodes are used in an area to maximise the coverage within a reasonable time and energy cost. Recently, a family of algorithms, inspired by the equilibrium of molecules, have been proposed to address the coverage issue. However, these solutions lead to high energy cost and latency due to two major issues. First, almost all the nodes in the network try to move to a new position at each stage. Even worse, the decision made at each node on to which point to move at each stage is purely based on obsolete information, i.e. the current locations of moving neighbouring nodes. In this paper, we propose a new distributed algorithm, called SSND, to efficiently provide the maximum coverage for WSNs that use mobile nodes. SSND avoids to collectively, and blindly, move sensor nodes at each step but to apply an eligibility function to elect a few nodes to move using the valid information to obtain the maximum effect. Our extensive simulation study under various operational conditions shows not only a higher percentage of area coverage by SSND but with much lower power consumption and latency than those of the other protocols recently reported in the literature.","PeriodicalId":185451,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128910648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.23919/WONS.2019.8795499
K. Mehmood, M. T. Niaz, H. Kim
Machine type communications (MTC) unleashes a broad range of applications ranging from mission-critical services to massively connected autonomous nodes. The cellular systems will help in enabling such nodes to play a critical role in future networks. A coexisting cellular scenario for traditional and MTC devices is considered and the need for an energy efficient power control mechanism for MTC nodes is investigated. Reliability is a major requirement for MTC devices (MTCDs) which is the prime utility to be considered along with the power consumed by each user device. For a dense network environment, the MTC power control problem is modeled as a mean field game (MFG) and system utility is modeled in terms of the interference and reliability condition. The proposed MFG is solved using the finite difference method to obtain an optimal power control policy for MTCDs. Simulation results identify the considered scheme a low complexity alternative for a transmit power control mechanism for MTC devices in the coexisting network.
{"title":"Game-Theoretic Power Control for Energy Constrained Machine Type Communications","authors":"K. Mehmood, M. T. Niaz, H. Kim","doi":"10.23919/WONS.2019.8795499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/WONS.2019.8795499","url":null,"abstract":"Machine type communications (MTC) unleashes a broad range of applications ranging from mission-critical services to massively connected autonomous nodes. The cellular systems will help in enabling such nodes to play a critical role in future networks. A coexisting cellular scenario for traditional and MTC devices is considered and the need for an energy efficient power control mechanism for MTC nodes is investigated. Reliability is a major requirement for MTC devices (MTCDs) which is the prime utility to be considered along with the power consumed by each user device. For a dense network environment, the MTC power control problem is modeled as a mean field game (MFG) and system utility is modeled in terms of the interference and reliability condition. The proposed MFG is solved using the finite difference method to obtain an optimal power control policy for MTCDs. Simulation results identify the considered scheme a low complexity alternative for a transmit power control mechanism for MTC devices in the coexisting network.","PeriodicalId":185451,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115389708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.23919/WONS.2019.8795496
Max Schettler, Agon Memedi, F. Dressler
Platooning is one of the most promising Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) applications, which is set to reduce the negative aspects of road traffic, by improving safety, fuel efficiency, and road efficiency. Reliable data communication is the key to such applications, besides better and smarter local sensors (e.g., radar or video). Current platooning solutions primarily build upon vehicular networking technologies such as Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) and cellular V2X. However, high communication reliability is still a concern, particularly with high vehicle densities due to increasing interference levels. In order to alleviate this, the use of Visible Light Communication (VLC) instead of, or in addition to Radio Frequency (RF), has been proposed. We explore the capabilities of RF and VLC based communication protocols for platooning with a strong focus on reliability. Additionally, we propose and explore heterogeneous solutions using RF and VLC together complementing each other. By means of extensive simulations, we analyze the performance of all these solutions. Based on realistic simulation models, we show that significant improvements in terms of reliability can be achieved by integrating VLC. In this initial study, we also show that deeply integrated heterogeneous communication with RF and VLC can bring platooning one step closer to large-scale real-world deployment.
{"title":"Deeply Integrating Visible Light and Radio Communication for Ultra-High Reliable Platooning","authors":"Max Schettler, Agon Memedi, F. Dressler","doi":"10.23919/WONS.2019.8795496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/WONS.2019.8795496","url":null,"abstract":"Platooning is one of the most promising Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) applications, which is set to reduce the negative aspects of road traffic, by improving safety, fuel efficiency, and road efficiency. Reliable data communication is the key to such applications, besides better and smarter local sensors (e.g., radar or video). Current platooning solutions primarily build upon vehicular networking technologies such as Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) and cellular V2X. However, high communication reliability is still a concern, particularly with high vehicle densities due to increasing interference levels. In order to alleviate this, the use of Visible Light Communication (VLC) instead of, or in addition to Radio Frequency (RF), has been proposed. We explore the capabilities of RF and VLC based communication protocols for platooning with a strong focus on reliability. Additionally, we propose and explore heterogeneous solutions using RF and VLC together complementing each other. By means of extensive simulations, we analyze the performance of all these solutions. Based on realistic simulation models, we show that significant improvements in terms of reliability can be achieved by integrating VLC. In this initial study, we also show that deeply integrated heterogeneous communication with RF and VLC can bring platooning one step closer to large-scale real-world deployment.","PeriodicalId":185451,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124223315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.23919/WONS.2019.8795482
S. K. Ghosh, Sasthi C. Ghosh
The next generation heterogeneous networks are envisioned as multi-tier networks consisting of macro-cells, providing ubiquitous coverage and small cells, providing high data rate at hotspot areas to improve system capacity. In such heterogeneous networks, mobile terminals (MTs) experience frequent handovers causing high control overhead and link failure probability. To reduce control overhead and to ensure seamless mobility, logical separation between control plane and data plane has been evolved as a promising solution. In control/user-plane (C/U) split network architecture, macro-cell base stations provide control coverage using a low frequency band signal, whereas small cells provide high data rate transmissions to the MTs over high frequency band signals. While performing handovers over small cell base stations, throughput perceived by an MT may fall below the requested data rate. To improve the user perceived throughput at cell edges, recently dual connectivity (DC) has been proposed for long term evolution (LTE) cellular networks. However, analyzing the performance of DC in C/U split LTE heterogeneous networks is quite limited in the preceding literature. In this work, we analyze the performance of DC in C/U plane split network architecture explicitly considering data rate demands of the MTs, traffic arrival pattern, channel conditions as well as target call dropping probability. Our analyses reveal that the performance gain of DC over traditional hard handover is actually conditional on traffic load density in small cell base stations.
{"title":"Analyzing the Performance of Dual Connectivity in Control/User-plane Split Heterogeneous Networks","authors":"S. K. Ghosh, Sasthi C. Ghosh","doi":"10.23919/WONS.2019.8795482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/WONS.2019.8795482","url":null,"abstract":"The next generation heterogeneous networks are envisioned as multi-tier networks consisting of macro-cells, providing ubiquitous coverage and small cells, providing high data rate at hotspot areas to improve system capacity. In such heterogeneous networks, mobile terminals (MTs) experience frequent handovers causing high control overhead and link failure probability. To reduce control overhead and to ensure seamless mobility, logical separation between control plane and data plane has been evolved as a promising solution. In control/user-plane (C/U) split network architecture, macro-cell base stations provide control coverage using a low frequency band signal, whereas small cells provide high data rate transmissions to the MTs over high frequency band signals. While performing handovers over small cell base stations, throughput perceived by an MT may fall below the requested data rate. To improve the user perceived throughput at cell edges, recently dual connectivity (DC) has been proposed for long term evolution (LTE) cellular networks. However, analyzing the performance of DC in C/U split LTE heterogeneous networks is quite limited in the preceding literature. In this work, we analyze the performance of DC in C/U plane split network architecture explicitly considering data rate demands of the MTs, traffic arrival pattern, channel conditions as well as target call dropping probability. Our analyses reveal that the performance gain of DC over traditional hard handover is actually conditional on traffic load density in small cell base stations.","PeriodicalId":185451,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS)","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133033734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.23919/WONS.2019.8795475
Quang-Huy Nguyen, Michel Morold, K. David, F. Dressler
Cooperative Vulnerable Road User (VRU) collision avoidance aims at preventing potential accidents between VRUs and vehicles by exchanging context information. In this paper, we present a Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC)-based VRU safety system as an alternative to earlier purely ad-hoc communication-based ones, in which VRU smartphones utilize the cellular connection to frequently send context messages to a MEC server. However, in such safety systems, calculating context information on smartphones, which are already resource-restricted, could lead to reduced battery lifetime and, thus, to poor user experiences. To deal with this issue, we propose an adaptive approach for VRU context information calculation, which considers the use of computation offloading when needed in order to save energy while still ensuring timeliness. As a baseline, we use our machine learning application for determining pedestrian activities. Both experimental and simulation results suggest that it is worth to offload context information computation to the MEC when the updating interval or the sensor sampling frequency is low, i.e., the amount of raw data collected is small; otherwise, local execution is preferable. We see our results as a basis for designing more energy-efficiency calculation models for VRU safety systems.
{"title":"Adaptive Safety Context Information for Vulnerable Road Users with MEC Support","authors":"Quang-Huy Nguyen, Michel Morold, K. David, F. Dressler","doi":"10.23919/WONS.2019.8795475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/WONS.2019.8795475","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative Vulnerable Road User (VRU) collision avoidance aims at preventing potential accidents between VRUs and vehicles by exchanging context information. In this paper, we present a Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC)-based VRU safety system as an alternative to earlier purely ad-hoc communication-based ones, in which VRU smartphones utilize the cellular connection to frequently send context messages to a MEC server. However, in such safety systems, calculating context information on smartphones, which are already resource-restricted, could lead to reduced battery lifetime and, thus, to poor user experiences. To deal with this issue, we propose an adaptive approach for VRU context information calculation, which considers the use of computation offloading when needed in order to save energy while still ensuring timeliness. As a baseline, we use our machine learning application for determining pedestrian activities. Both experimental and simulation results suggest that it is worth to offload context information computation to the MEC when the updating interval or the sensor sampling frequency is low, i.e., the amount of raw data collected is small; otherwise, local execution is preferable. We see our results as a basis for designing more energy-efficiency calculation models for VRU safety systems.","PeriodicalId":185451,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS)","volume":"549 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128861144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：