Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0504001
Afework Legesse
Coffee is one of the most widely drunk beverages in the world, and is a very important source of foreign exchange income for many countries. More than 125 million people in the coffee growing areas worldwide derive their income directly or indirectly from its products (Lashermes et al., 2011; Mishra and Slater, 2012). It ranks second after oil in international trade and has created several million jobs in the producer and consumer countries where more than nine million tons of green beans are produced annually (ICO, 2016). In the world, Brazil is the leading coffee producer and exporter country followed by Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia and Ethiopia (ICO, 2016). The genus Coffea comprises nearly 124 well identified species; however, Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora P. are the two commercially important species (Davis et al., 2006; Gray et al., 2013). Predominately, Arabica coffee represents 70% of global coffee production and Caniphora (Robusta) represents about 30% (Damatta and Ramalho, 2006; Davis et al., 2012). The production and productive of both species are largely dependent on the climate for attain high yields and quality (Killeen and Harper, 2016).
咖啡是世界上饮用最广泛的饮料之一，也是许多国家外汇收入的重要来源。在全球咖啡种植区，超过1.25亿人的收入直接或间接来自咖啡产品(Lashermes et al.， 2011;Mishra and Slater, 2012)。它在国际贸易中排名第二，仅次于石油，并在每年生产900多万吨绿豆的生产国和消费国创造了数百万个就业机会(ICO, 2016)。在世界上，巴西是主要的咖啡生产国和出口国，其次是越南、哥伦比亚、印度尼西亚和埃塞俄比亚(ICO, 2016)。咖啡属包括近124个已确定的物种;然而，阿拉比卡咖啡(Coffea arabica L.)和canephora P.是两个重要的商业物种(Davis et al.， 2006;Gray et al.， 2013)。阿拉比卡咖啡占全球咖啡产量的70%，卡尼法拉(罗布斯塔)约占30% (Damatta和Ramalho, 2006;Davis等人，2012)。这两个物种的产量和产量在很大程度上取决于气候，以获得高产量和高质量(Killeen和Harper, 2016)。
{"title":"Climate Change Effect on Coffee Yield and Quality: A Review","authors":"Afework Legesse","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0504001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0504001","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee is one of the most widely drunk beverages in the world, and is a very important source of foreign exchange income for many countries. More than 125 million people in the coffee growing areas worldwide derive their income directly or indirectly from its products (Lashermes et al., 2011; Mishra and Slater, 2012). It ranks second after oil in international trade and has created several million jobs in the producer and consumer countries where more than nine million tons of green beans are produced annually (ICO, 2016). In the world, Brazil is the leading coffee producer and exporter country followed by Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia and Ethiopia (ICO, 2016). The genus Coffea comprises nearly 124 well identified species; however, Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora P. are the two commercially important species (Davis et al., 2006; Gray et al., 2013). Predominately, Arabica coffee represents 70% of global coffee production and Caniphora (Robusta) represents about 30% (Damatta and Ramalho, 2006; Davis et al., 2012). The production and productive of both species are largely dependent on the climate for attain high yields and quality (Killeen and Harper, 2016).","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125098945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0503003
Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) belongs to the family Sterculiaceae and the genus Theobroma. Recently, with the application of molecular marker, cacao was reclassified to the family Malvaceae (Alvensonet al., 1999). Cocoa (Theobromacacao L.) is an evergreen tropical lowland tree crop, native to the rainforest regions of Central and South America and indeed West Africa, which became the major producer from the mid-1960s (Opeke, 2006). There are over twenty species in the genus but Theobromacacao is the only one cultivated widely (Opeke, 2006). It is a cash crop of international significance, and has been a major source of foreign exchange for producing countries. Cacao is highly valued for its seeds – the cocoa beans. West Africa is a dominant cocoa producing region, because of its suitable soil and favourable climatic conditions. Abstract: An experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Technology, Akure, in the rainforest zone of South-West Nigeria, to examine the residual effects of moisture stress of seedlings in the nursery on field performance of cacao genotypes. The experimental materials were two cacao genotypes (Amelonado and F3 Amazon) and two improved lines (PA 150/34 and PA 150/36) which were obtained from Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), Ibadan. The seeds of the genotypes were sown in nursery pots, and seedlings were subjected to varying levels (0.6, 0.9 and 1.5 litres) of watering in the nursery. After ten (10) months in the nursery, the differentially watered seedlings were transplanted on the field in June, 2017. The experiment was laid out in a 4 x 3 factorial combination arranged in a Split Plot Design at three replicates per treatment. The cacao genotypes constituted the main plot while the differentially watered seedlings the sub-plot treatment. Data were collected on plant height (cm), stem girth (mm), number of leaves, and number of branches, number of dead seedlings and number of seedlings bearing dead twigs/branches and final survival count at end of dry season. Results showed that the effects of cacao genotypes anddifferential watering of seedlings in the nursery were significant on the measured growth and development variables of cacao on the field. The development of leaves and solar radiation properties (incidence and transmitted radiation) within cacao canopy varied during the course of the year among treatments. Across the differentially watered seedlings, highest radiation transmission within canopy was obtained between January and April. The ratio of transmitted to incident radiation were lowest for 1.5 l watered seedlings and lowest for moderate (0.9 l) and severe water stressed (0.6 l) seedlings. The effect of cacao genotype was pronounced on the time dynamics of canopy development (number of leaves and leaf area index), compared with F3 Amazon and the improved cacao varieties (the PA series), Amelonado had best leaf development across the measurement dates. Lowest number
{"title":"Residual Effects of Moisture Stressed Seedlings in the Nursery on Field Performance of Cacao Genotypes","authors":"","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0503003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0503003","url":null,"abstract":"Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) belongs to the family Sterculiaceae and the genus Theobroma. Recently, with the application of molecular marker, cacao was reclassified to the family Malvaceae (Alvensonet al., 1999). Cocoa (Theobromacacao L.) is an evergreen tropical lowland tree crop, native to the rainforest regions of Central and South America and indeed West Africa, which became the major producer from the mid-1960s (Opeke, 2006). There are over twenty species in the genus but Theobromacacao is the only one cultivated widely (Opeke, 2006). It is a cash crop of international significance, and has been a major source of foreign exchange for producing countries. Cacao is highly valued for its seeds – the cocoa beans. West Africa is a dominant cocoa producing region, because of its suitable soil and favourable climatic conditions. Abstract: An experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Technology, Akure, in the rainforest zone of South-West Nigeria, to examine the residual effects of moisture stress of seedlings in the nursery on field performance of cacao genotypes. The experimental materials were two cacao genotypes (Amelonado and F3 Amazon) and two improved lines (PA 150/34 and PA 150/36) which were obtained from Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), Ibadan. The seeds of the genotypes were sown in nursery pots, and seedlings were subjected to varying levels (0.6, 0.9 and 1.5 litres) of watering in the nursery. After ten (10) months in the nursery, the differentially watered seedlings were transplanted on the field in June, 2017. The experiment was laid out in a 4 x 3 factorial combination arranged in a Split Plot Design at three replicates per treatment. The cacao genotypes constituted the main plot while the differentially watered seedlings the sub-plot treatment. Data were collected on plant height (cm), stem girth (mm), number of leaves, and number of branches, number of dead seedlings and number of seedlings bearing dead twigs/branches and final survival count at end of dry season. Results showed that the effects of cacao genotypes anddifferential watering of seedlings in the nursery were significant on the measured growth and development variables of cacao on the field. The development of leaves and solar radiation properties (incidence and transmitted radiation) within cacao canopy varied during the course of the year among treatments. Across the differentially watered seedlings, highest radiation transmission within canopy was obtained between January and April. The ratio of transmitted to incident radiation were lowest for 1.5 l watered seedlings and lowest for moderate (0.9 l) and severe water stressed (0.6 l) seedlings. The effect of cacao genotype was pronounced on the time dynamics of canopy development (number of leaves and leaf area index), compared with F3 Amazon and the improved cacao varieties (the PA series), Amelonado had best leaf development across the measurement dates. Lowest number","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121333215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0504002
M. Hailemariam, A. Tesfaye
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill), popularly and often called “miracle bean” as it is extraordinarily rich in protein (~40%) and oil (~20%). It is the world's foremost provider of high-quality protein and edible oil for both human food and animal feed; in addition, it can improve soil fertility through its capability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (Morsy et al., 1990). It contains well balanced 40% protein (Lysin rich) and 20 % oil enriched with essential fatty acids.
大豆(Glycine max L. Merrill)，通常被称为“奇迹豆”，因为它富含蛋白质(约40%)和油(约20%)。它是世界上最重要的为人类食品和动物饲料提供优质蛋白质和食用油的供应商;此外，它还可以通过固定大气氮的能力提高土壤肥力(Morsy et al.， 1990)。它含有均衡的40%蛋白质(富含溶素)和20%富含必需脂肪酸的油。
{"title":"Genotype X Environment Interaction by AMMI and GGE-Biplot Stability Analysis in Grain Yield for Soybean [(Glycine Max L.) Merrill] in Ethiopia","authors":"M. Hailemariam, A. Tesfaye","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0504002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0504002","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill), popularly and often called “miracle bean” as it is extraordinarily rich in protein (~40%) and oil (~20%). It is the world's foremost provider of high-quality protein and edible oil for both human food and animal feed; in addition, it can improve soil fertility through its capability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (Morsy et al., 1990). It contains well balanced 40% protein (Lysin rich) and 20 % oil enriched with essential fatty acids.","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"86 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121931853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0503002
Abebe Assefa, AmsaluGobena
Light is crucial for photosynthesis and plant growth. The effects of light on plant growth anddevelopmentarecomplex;theentirespectrumoflightisnotbeneficialforplants.Livingorganismsgeneral lyharvestthevisibleelectromagneticspectrum,Apartfromphotosynthesis,lightalsocontrolsfloweringtime andmorphogenesis.Twomajorphotoreceptors-phytochromes(absorbsred/far-red-light)and crypto chromes (absorbsblue/ultravioletA(UV-A) light) are responsible for plant morphological and developmental changes(Quai et.al,1995 and Deng et.al, 1999 ).Optimal lighting regimes have the potential to increase yields and improve plant quality, nutritional value, and flavor. In addition to enhancement of plant health and quality, the impacts of pests and pathogens can be reduced both as a result of elevated plant resistance and also by direct disruption of pest/pathogen biology (Pearson et al. 2015).
光对光合作用和植物生长至关重要。光对植物生长发育的影响是复杂的;光对植物的整体影响并不是有益的。除光合作用外，光还控制着开花时间和形态发生。两种主要的光感受器——光敏色素(吸收远红光)和隐光色素(吸收蓝光/紫外线)负责植物形态和发育变化(Quai et.al,1995 and Deng et.al, 1999)。最佳照明制度有可能提高产量，改善植物质量，营养价值和风味。除了提高植物的健康和质量外，由于植物抗性的提高以及害虫/病原体生物学的直接破坏，害虫和病原体的影响可以减少(Pearson et al. 2015)。
{"title":"Review on Effect of Light on Disease Development and Management of Horticultural Crops under Protected Cultivations","authors":"Abebe Assefa, AmsaluGobena","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0503002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0503002","url":null,"abstract":"Light is crucial for photosynthesis and plant growth. The effects of light on plant growth anddevelopmentarecomplex;theentirespectrumoflightisnotbeneficialforplants.Livingorganismsgeneral lyharvestthevisibleelectromagneticspectrum,Apartfromphotosynthesis,lightalsocontrolsfloweringtime andmorphogenesis.Twomajorphotoreceptors-phytochromes(absorbsred/far-red-light)and crypto chromes (absorbsblue/ultravioletA(UV-A) light) are responsible for plant morphological and developmental changes(Quai et.al,1995 and Deng et.al, 1999 ).Optimal lighting regimes have the potential to increase yields and improve plant quality, nutritional value, and flavor. In addition to enhancement of plant health and quality, the impacts of pests and pathogens can be reduced both as a result of elevated plant resistance and also by direct disruption of pest/pathogen biology (Pearson et al. 2015).","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116708608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0502001
K. Kaack
Red cabbage may contribute to human health due to the contents of anthocyanins and the compounds released from these colorants that also may be very important for the quality characteristics of the processed red cabbage. The quality characteristics of the red cabbage produced from three industrial companies were equal because the factories are using a few cultivars and very ingredient composition and almost the same glass jar sizes. Red cabbage contains several odour compounds with very attractive odour characteristics that may be described further and applied for processing of several different foods using a variety of cuttings in combination with variation in brine composition on raw and processed cabbages. The contents of anthocyanins may improve the quality characteristics of cut and canned red cabbage foods significantly. Using a variety of red cabbage cultivars and variation in fertilizer composition, sowing times according to different sums of degree days may improve the quality characteristics of the red cabbage. The most value of canned red cabbage foods may be obtained using the variously health improving compounds with significantly and efficient properties as health promoting compounds.
{"title":"Industrial Processing of Cooked Red Cabbage Pieces (Brassica Oleracea L.)","authors":"K. Kaack","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0502001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0502001","url":null,"abstract":"Red cabbage may contribute to human health due to the contents of anthocyanins and the compounds released from these colorants that also may be very important for the quality characteristics of the processed red cabbage. The quality characteristics of the red cabbage produced from three industrial companies were equal because the factories are using a few cultivars and very ingredient composition and almost the same glass jar sizes. Red cabbage contains several odour compounds with very attractive odour characteristics that may be described further and applied for processing of several different foods using a variety of cuttings in combination with variation in brine composition on raw and processed cabbages. The contents of anthocyanins may improve the quality characteristics of cut and canned red cabbage foods significantly. Using a variety of red cabbage cultivars and variation in fertilizer composition, sowing times according to different sums of degree days may improve the quality characteristics of the red cabbage. The most value of canned red cabbage foods may be obtained using the variously health improving compounds with significantly and efficient properties as health promoting compounds.","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125271799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0501002
Amonum. J.I, O. K. Niambe, Japheth H.D
Dacryodes edulis (G Don) is a multipurpose plant in Nigeria and Africa at large (Zofou et al., 2013); which grows in the humid tropics. Many households and communities depend on this multipurpose tree for the provision of goods and services that include edible fruits, herbal medicines or fuel wood as well as global service by facilitating carbon sequestration with the potential for climate change mitigation (Albrecht and Kandji, 2003). The gathering of the fruits of D. edulis serves as a veritable source of employment and income for rural populace (Agbogidi et al., 2007).
edulis (G Don)是尼日利亚和非洲的一种多用途植物(Zofou et al.， 2013);它生长在潮湿的热带地区。许多家庭和社区依靠这种多用途树提供商品和服务，包括可食用水果、草药或薪柴以及全球服务，促进碳封存，具有减缓气候变化的潜力(Albrecht和Kandji, 2003年)。收集edulis果实是农村人口就业和收入的真正来源(Agbogidi et al.， 2007)。
{"title":"Effect of Planting Media on the Germination and Early Growth of Dacryodes Edulis (G. Don) H. J. Lam","authors":"Amonum. J.I, O. K. Niambe, Japheth H.D","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0501002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0501002","url":null,"abstract":"Dacryodes edulis (G Don) is a multipurpose plant in Nigeria and Africa at large (Zofou et al., 2013); which grows in the humid tropics. Many households and communities depend on this multipurpose tree for the provision of goods and services that include edible fruits, herbal medicines or fuel wood as well as global service by facilitating carbon sequestration with the potential for climate change mitigation (Albrecht and Kandji, 2003). The gathering of the fruits of D. edulis serves as a veritable source of employment and income for rural populace (Agbogidi et al., 2007).","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127692988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0502003
Ezra Oyaro, J. Mukundi
The significance of urban horticulture as an important and growing sector of the urban space economy can be appreciated at individual household, community, and national levels. Urban horticulture is also a source of employment, income and favors both social inclusion and reduction of gender inequalities as 65% of urban farmers are women (Orsini et al. 2013). A key challenge is developing policy, strategies and technical support mechanisms for the sustainable management of urban agricultural systems, addressing production issues and marketing needs within a broader framework of environmental planning and management, water supply and utilization schemes, and food safety assurance (FAO, 2010).
城市园艺作为城市空间经济的一个重要且不断增长的部门，其重要性可以在个体家庭、社区和国家层面得到认识。城市园艺也是就业和收入的来源，有利于社会包容和减少性别不平等，因为65%的城市农民是女性(Orsini et al. 2013)。一项关键挑战是为城市农业系统的可持续管理制定政策、战略和技术支持机制，在更广泛的环境规划和管理、供水和利用计划以及食品安全保障框架内解决生产问题和销售需求(粮农组织，2010年)。
{"title":"Perception and Adoption Level of Urban Horticulture Technologies, Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Ezra Oyaro, J. Mukundi","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0502003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0502003","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of urban horticulture as an important and growing sector of the urban space economy can be appreciated at individual household, community, and national levels. Urban horticulture is also a source of employment, income and favors both social inclusion and reduction of gender inequalities as 65% of urban farmers are women (Orsini et al. 2013). A key challenge is developing policy, strategies and technical support mechanisms for the sustainable management of urban agricultural systems, addressing production issues and marketing needs within a broader framework of environmental planning and management, water supply and utilization schemes, and food safety assurance (FAO, 2010).","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124452837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0501003
Habtamu Deribe
Coffee is a perennial field crop which belongs to the genus Coffea in the Rubiaceae family, and is mostly grown in the tropical and subtropical regions (Berthaud and Charrier, 1988).Almost all the coff ee species are diploid (2n = 2x = 22) and generally self-incompatible except C. Arabica which is a natural allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 44) self-fertile species(Charrier and Berthaud, 1985). About 124 species of the genus Coffea have been identified so far (Davis et al., 2012). Coffea Arabica is known to be one of the most important beverages in the world and is a very important source of foreign exchange for many countries (Labouisse et al., 2008). In the consumer market, C. Arabica is preferred for its beverage quality, aromatic characteristics, and low-caff eine content compared to Robusta, which is characterized by a stronger bitterness, and higher-caff eine content. Arabica contributes towards 65% of global coff ee production (L ́ecolier et al., 2009).
咖啡是一种多年生大田作物，属于咖啡科咖啡属，主要生长在热带和亚热带地区(Berthaud and Charrier, 1988)。几乎所有的咖啡品种都是二倍体(2n = 2x = 22)，除了阿拉比卡咖啡是一种天然的异源四倍体(2n = 4x = 44)自育品种(Charrier和Berthaud, 1985)。到目前为止，已经确定了大约124种咖啡属(Davis et al.， 2012)。阿拉比卡咖啡是世界上最重要的饮料之一，也是许多国家非常重要的外汇来源(Labouisse et al.， 2008)。在消费市场上，阿拉比卡咖啡因其饮料质量、芳香特性和低咖啡因含量而受到青睐，而罗布斯塔咖啡的苦味更强，咖啡因含量更高。阿拉比卡咖啡占全球咖啡产量的65% (L ' ecolier et al.， 2009)。
{"title":"Review on Factors which Affect Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Quality in South Western, Ethiopia","authors":"Habtamu Deribe","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0501003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0501003","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee is a perennial field crop which belongs to the genus Coffea in the Rubiaceae family, and is mostly grown in the tropical and subtropical regions (Berthaud and Charrier, 1988).Almost all the coff ee species are diploid (2n = 2x = 22) and generally self-incompatible except C. Arabica which is a natural allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 44) self-fertile species(Charrier and Berthaud, 1985). About 124 species of the genus Coffea have been identified so far (Davis et al., 2012). Coffea Arabica is known to be one of the most important beverages in the world and is a very important source of foreign exchange for many countries (Labouisse et al., 2008). In the consumer market, C. Arabica is preferred for its beverage quality, aromatic characteristics, and low-caff eine content compared to Robusta, which is characterized by a stronger bitterness, and higher-caff eine content. Arabica contributes towards 65% of global coff ee production (L ́ecolier et al., 2009).","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124717149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0701001
A. A. Onyango, P. Angaine, J. Mbinga, Jesse O. Owino
Globally, Cupressus lusitanica is one of the important fast-growing plantation species, highly preferred for biomass, fuelwood, timber, and medicinal uses (1–5). In the tropics and subtropics, this species has been identified and prioritized for planting to support commercial forestry, afforestation, and conservation (6–10). In Kenya this is an exotic species planted commercially for the production of saw timber, plywood, and poles for building and construction; and for services such as live fence, shade, and ornamental (11–14). These uses have led to increasing demand for C. lusitanica seed for ease of propagation (15,16). Seeds have been the traditional and primary source of C. lusitanica propagules (17–20).
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0603003
Zigyalew Gashaw
Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) in family Rannunculaceae is one of the most important earliest cultivated plants in history of spices with worldwide distribution. The miracle seed has been used by millions of people to treat various ailments for centuries in different parts of world as it contains essential macro and micronutrients which play vital roles as structural and functional components of metaloproteins and enzymes in the living cells. It is produced in most parts of Ethiopia and its uses are diverse from spices and medicinal aspects. The country generated 1.55 million USD in 2009/10 crop season from export of 801 MT cumin seeds in addition to huge domestic consumption. Since black cumin is high value spice and medicinal crop higher attention were given by national spice research sector. Ethiopia is one of the centers of diversity of black cumin. From entries of black cumin local cultivars grown 84 accessions have been collected by IBC from potential production areas/agro ecologies and under maintenance. Various reports indicated there is significant variability among entries in their vegetative performance, yield, and yield components and their reaction to pests. So far, improved varieties; Darbera, Dershaye, Eden have been released for users. However, with huge potential (production and export), the production and productivity of this spice crop remained very low due to a number of challenges; shortage of improved variety, traditional production, less awareness and inferior attention on its importance, lack of processing factory and market. Updated information on current status of black cumin production, productivity, market, potentials and prospects in the country is also lacking. This helps to give updated image for producers and policy makers and to give possible direction of black cumin revitalization. Therefore, this paper reviews the research activities conducted and achievements in different disciplines so far, the status of current production and the challenges and future prospects in the country. Status of Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa L.) Research and Production in Ethiopia; A Review International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture Page | 21 structural and functional components of metalloproteins and enzymes in the living cells (Ansari et al., 2004) that is why it can give us medicinal value. Recently, industry facilities based on the evaluation of medicinal and aromatic plants in which included the black cumin. Industrialists emphasize that the demand to fixed oil of black cumin is much and so, the necessity of increasing local production for the supply of raw material (Yilmaz, 2008). For this reason, black cumin is a plant having potential to be produced in producing countries in the future like Ethiopia. As sited yimam, 2015. In Ethiopia black cumin is the second cash crop exported next to ginger, (The spice sector strategy committee, 2010). The country exported at a value of 1.18 USD kgG1 but imported 5.80 USD kgG1. This s
然而，香料出口在埃塞俄比亚出口总收入中所占的份额总体上仍然可以忽略不计(< 1%)。埃塞俄比亚最近完成的2009/10年度香料出口显示，生姜、姜黄和孜然是主要的出口商品，其中孜然所占份额为8.4%。出口量方面，孜然出口占比7.9%，排名第3。按价值计算，生姜占香料出口总额的62%，其次是孜然种子(13.7%)。2009/10年度，孜然出口801吨，价值155万美元。根据贸易统计描述性信息，2009/10年埃塞俄比亚的白孜然(WC)出口量微不足道，出口量为2.4%，出口额为0.98%，其中黑孜然为781,292.50公斤，白孜然为19,336.00公斤，其价值为1,539,859美元，WC为15,195.20美元(yimer, 2010)。由于黑孜然在埃塞俄比亚不同地区的不同海拔范围内被发现，这表明黑孜然在广泛的农业生态中有种植的潜力，也表明黑孜然物种遗传多样性的存在是首选。然而，即使是来自奥罗米亚、阿姆哈拉、本尚古尔-古木兹、提格雷和南方民族地区的34、24、10、9和7个保守的84个种群，也没有足够的信息(Birhanu, 2015);关于这些草药的遗传多样性已经为埃塞俄比亚黑孜然群体产生了。制约其规模化生产和优良品种开发的重要因素之一是对其遗传多样性、种间和种内变异以及种间遗传关系的了解甚少。尽管该国具有良好的生产环境条件和其重要性，但作为单一作物的黑孜然种植制度并没有得到广泛实施。此外，没有充分确定推荐品种并向所有种植区的农民介绍，很少注意提高其产量和生产力，因此，它仍然是一种利用不足的作物。黑孜然(Nigella Sativa L.)的现状埃塞俄比亚的研究和生产;因此，本文的目的是回顾黑孜然的现状，为生产者和决策者提供最新的形象，并为振兴孜然提供可能的方向。和也;对迄今为止各学科的综述、开展的研究活动和取得的成果、目前的生产现状、取得的研究成果、面临的挑战和未来的展望进行总结，对埃塞俄比亚黑孜然的生产现状有一个清晰的形象，并给出研究方向。黑孜然生物学2.1。黑孜然(Nigella sativa)是一年生开花植物，高20-90厘米，叶细裂;花有白色、黄色、粉红色、淡蓝色或淡紫色，花瓣5-10瓣。果实是一个大而膨胀的蒴果，由3-7个联合的卵泡组成，每个卵泡含有几个种子(Goreja, 2003)。种子小，双子叶，三角状，角状，结节状，外黑内白，气味微香，味苦(Warrier et al.， 2004)。萌发为表皮萌发，需要10-15天，在温带气候下，黑孜然在播种后约100天开始开花，种子在50天后成熟。在温暖的气候下，开花可能在发芽后8-10周开始。开花是雌雄同体的，据信主要由昆虫授粉。开花从花尖开始，一直持续到花底(Miheretu, 2016)。在较老的花中，柱头向下弯曲，可以发生自花授粉，苜蓿对肥料反应良好。植物多毛，花小，果实多瘤。油菜种子繁殖、种植方便。种子播撒，因为幼苗太脆弱，不适合移植，但种子也可以播种在泥炭块。行距15-40厘米是常见的。在埃塞俄比亚，玉米通常与大麦和小麦间作(Ahmed and Haque, 1986)。
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