Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0501001
K. Rajan, D.Dinesh, I. Rashmi, P. Raja, M. Ramesh
Tree Lucerne or Tagasaste is native of dry volcanic slopes of La Palma island of Canary Islands, Pacific Ocean. The potential of tree Lucerne as a fodder was identified by Dr Perez, a medical practitioner, based on La Palma island in the 1870s, and Spanish cattle farmers. He wrote to the Spanish authorities for promoting tree Lucerne as a fodder but the Spanish government was not interested. He then sent seed to Kew Gardens in England. Kew Gardens tested tree Lucerne and its potential and then sent seeds to all its colonies around the world. It is grown in residential areas as boundary as feed stack to feed chicken, goat and cattle and also for aesthetic purpose. Livestock in hilly region depends mostly on grazing lands. The grasses in these lands have less protein, vitamins and minerals. Hence livestock are not getting nutritive foods. It is estimated that poor fodder availability from limited grazing land with poor nutritive value meets only 60 percent of the fodder needs in India. Hence production of quality and nutritive fodder and its efficient use is essential in the hilly area.
{"title":"Prospective of Tree Lucerne in Hilly Areas for Fodder, Soil Health and Carbon Sequestration -A Review","authors":"K. Rajan, D.Dinesh, I. Rashmi, P. Raja, M. Ramesh","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0501001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0501001","url":null,"abstract":"Tree Lucerne or Tagasaste is native of dry volcanic slopes of La Palma island of Canary Islands, Pacific Ocean. The potential of tree Lucerne as a fodder was identified by Dr Perez, a medical practitioner, based on La Palma island in the 1870s, and Spanish cattle farmers. He wrote to the Spanish authorities for promoting tree Lucerne as a fodder but the Spanish government was not interested. He then sent seed to Kew Gardens in England. Kew Gardens tested tree Lucerne and its potential and then sent seeds to all its colonies around the world. It is grown in residential areas as boundary as feed stack to feed chicken, goat and cattle and also for aesthetic purpose. Livestock in hilly region depends mostly on grazing lands. The grasses in these lands have less protein, vitamins and minerals. Hence livestock are not getting nutritive foods. It is estimated that poor fodder availability from limited grazing land with poor nutritive value meets only 60 percent of the fodder needs in India. Hence production of quality and nutritive fodder and its efficient use is essential in the hilly area.","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121065306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0503004
Abebe Assefa, Amisalu Gobena
The word "coffee" comes from the name of a region in Ethiopia where coffee was first discovered – ‘Kaffa’. The name ‘Kaffa’ is inherited from the hieroglyphic nouns ‘KA’ and ‘AfA’. ‘KA’ is the name of God; ‘AFA’ is then ame of earth and all plants that grow on earth. So the meaning of Koffee (Coffee) from its birth-place bells on as the land or plant of God. In addition to this, as a result of the genetic diversity of Ethiopian coffee, botanists and scientists agree that Ethiopia is the centre for the origin, diversification and dissemination of coffee plant (Bayetta, 2001). According to (Tadse , 2015), there are four types of coffee production systems in Ethiopia: forest coffee (10%), semi forest coffee (35%), garden coffee (50%) and plantation coffee (5%). Climatic factors, type of soil, mulching, farm management method, crop production methods, etc. are among the prominent factors that affect the growth and development of plants including coffee. Amongst the various factors for having a good yield of coffee is growing of shade trees with the coffee plant which has a great contribution on both the life span of the coffee trees and its yield (Senbeta 2006)
{"title":"Review on Effect of Shade Tree on Microclimate, Growth and Physiology of Coffee Arabica: In case of Ethiopia","authors":"Abebe Assefa, Amisalu Gobena","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0503004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0503004","url":null,"abstract":"The word \"coffee\" comes from the name of a region in Ethiopia where coffee was first discovered – ‘Kaffa’. The name ‘Kaffa’ is inherited from the hieroglyphic nouns ‘KA’ and ‘AfA’. ‘KA’ is the name of God; ‘AFA’ is then ame of earth and all plants that grow on earth. So the meaning of Koffee (Coffee) from its birth-place bells on as the land or plant of God. In addition to this, as a result of the genetic diversity of Ethiopian coffee, botanists and scientists agree that Ethiopia is the centre for the origin, diversification and dissemination of coffee plant (Bayetta, 2001). According to (Tadse , 2015), there are four types of coffee production systems in Ethiopia: forest coffee (10%), semi forest coffee (35%), garden coffee (50%) and plantation coffee (5%). Climatic factors, type of soil, mulching, farm management method, crop production methods, etc. are among the prominent factors that affect the growth and development of plants including coffee. Amongst the various factors for having a good yield of coffee is growing of shade trees with the coffee plant which has a great contribution on both the life span of the coffee trees and its yield (Senbeta 2006)","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114595001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0503001
Lettuce is popular leafy vegetable for its delicate, crisp texture and slightly bitter tang. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Lores, variety Longifolia, Longifolia Group) is often associated with health benefits due to the presence of antioxidant components (María et al.,2013).The nutritive value of lettuce very high but rests largely upon a good content of minerals and a moderate store of the vitamin to the human diet (Work, 1997).
生菜是一种受欢迎的叶类蔬菜，质地细腻、酥脆，味道微苦。生菜(lacuca sativa var. Lores, Longifolia品种，Longifolia组)通常因含有抗氧化成分而具有健康益处(María等人，2013)。生菜的营养价值非常高，但主要取决于人类饮食中矿物质的含量和维生素的适度储存(Work, 1997)。
{"title":"Effect of Different Shade Levels on Growth and Yield Performance of Lettuce","authors":"","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0503001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0503001","url":null,"abstract":"Lettuce is popular leafy vegetable for its delicate, crisp texture and slightly bitter tang. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Lores, variety Longifolia, Longifolia Group) is often associated with health benefits due to the presence of antioxidant components (María et al.,2013).The nutritive value of lettuce very high but rests largely upon a good content of minerals and a moderate store of the vitamin to the human diet (Work, 1997).","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134430507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0602004
Alemu Botaro, G. Mulugeta
Women in rural settings play an important role in development. In addition to caring for their families, women in the developing countries spend considerable proportions of their time and energy using and preserving land for production of food and fuel and to generating income for their families and communities. These activities include crop production, growing fruits and vegetables, raising small livestock, tending trees, processing products for food and markets, and managing and collecting water and fuel (IFAD, 2010). They also possess wide specialized knowledge about the use and conservation of natural resources (Clarke, 1999).
{"title":"Role of Women in Agro forestry Management in Tembaro District, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Alemu Botaro, G. Mulugeta","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0602004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0602004","url":null,"abstract":"Women in rural settings play an important role in development. In addition to caring for their families, women in the developing countries spend considerable proportions of their time and energy using and preserving land for production of food and fuel and to generating income for their families and communities. These activities include crop production, growing fruits and vegetables, raising small livestock, tending trees, processing products for food and markets, and managing and collecting water and fuel (IFAD, 2010). They also possess wide specialized knowledge about the use and conservation of natural resources (Clarke, 1999).","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128707109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0603005
Sisay Kidanu
In Ethiopia, coffee is important to the economy of the country and also millions of the population relying on for their livelihood. Besides its importance, coffee production has constraints with number of biotic factors of which insect pests are the major ones. The present review was designed to summarize studies conducted on bio ecology and management of coffee berry borer in the country. The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei is a small black beetle that attacks the fruits of C. arabica. The first occurrence of coffee berry borer in Ethiopia was reported by Davidson. H. hampei is a pest of immature and mature coffee berries, causing no damage to the leaves, branches or stem. Attack by H. hampei begins at the apex of the coffee berry. The female beetle bores through the berry into the bean and lays eggs in the tunnel. Total number of eggs laid per female ranged from 20 to 40 eggs with a mean of 32 + 0.3 eggs. Large-scale coffee plantations, research centers and smallscale farmers’ showed a considerable variation in the level of damage. Creating an atmosphere that is not conducive to borer breeding and reducing primary sources of infestation are very important to reduce pest attack. Shade tree regulation and pruning can reduce the populations and also exposing them to attack by the natural enemies. Insect traps play an important role in monitoring and minimizing the borer. Beavaria bassiana which are efficient are considered to be good candidate on selecting biopesticides agents. In general, vigorous research needs to be taken to update the biology and management of coffee berry borer especially biological method. As Ethiopia is the centre of origin and diversity of Arabica coffee, there is a potential to find natural enemies and tolerant varieties against the pest.
{"title":"Bio-Ecological and Management Studies of Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus Hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Ethiopia","authors":"Sisay Kidanu","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0603005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0603005","url":null,"abstract":"In Ethiopia, coffee is important to the economy of the country and also millions of the population relying on for their livelihood. Besides its importance, coffee production has constraints with number of biotic factors of which insect pests are the major ones. The present review was designed to summarize studies conducted on bio ecology and management of coffee berry borer in the country. The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei is a small black beetle that attacks the fruits of C. arabica. The first occurrence of coffee berry borer in Ethiopia was reported by Davidson. H. hampei is a pest of immature and mature coffee berries, causing no damage to the leaves, branches or stem. Attack by H. hampei begins at the apex of the coffee berry. The female beetle bores through the berry into the bean and lays eggs in the tunnel. Total number of eggs laid per female ranged from 20 to 40 eggs with a mean of 32 + 0.3 eggs. Large-scale coffee plantations, research centers and smallscale farmers’ showed a considerable variation in the level of damage. Creating an atmosphere that is not conducive to borer breeding and reducing primary sources of infestation are very important to reduce pest attack. Shade tree regulation and pruning can reduce the populations and also exposing them to attack by the natural enemies. Insect traps play an important role in monitoring and minimizing the borer. Beavaria bassiana which are efficient are considered to be good candidate on selecting biopesticides agents. In general, vigorous research needs to be taken to update the biology and management of coffee berry borer especially biological method. As Ethiopia is the centre of origin and diversity of Arabica coffee, there is a potential to find natural enemies and tolerant varieties against the pest.","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134175662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0502004
Ashok Kumar, C. P. Singh, I. Bist
Paclobutrazol [(2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyle-2(1, 2, 4 Triazol-1-yl)] pentan-3ethanol, usually applied to the soil due to its low solubility and long residual activity. This group of growth retardants is most efficacious as it reduced shoot elongation and promote flowering as a result paclobutrazol is being promoted to control flowering and vegetative growth in commercial mango of Indo china. Australia and South Africa (Tongumpai et al. 1989; Rowley, 1990; Hillier and Rudge, 1991 and Voon et al.; 1991).
多效唑[(2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-氯苯基)- 4,4 -二甲基-2(1,2,4三唑-1-基)]戊烷-3乙醇，由于其溶解度低，残留活性长，通常应用于土壤。澳大利亚和南非(Tongumpai et al. 1989;罗利,1990;Hillier and Rudge, 1991 and Voon et al.;1991)。
{"title":"Chemical Control of Vegetative Growth of Mango Cvs.Dashahari, Langra, Chuasa and Fazri through Paclobutrazol Application","authors":"Ashok Kumar, C. P. Singh, I. Bist","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0502004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0502004","url":null,"abstract":"Paclobutrazol [(2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyle-2(1, 2, 4 Triazol-1-yl)] pentan-3ethanol, usually applied to the soil due to its low solubility and long residual activity. This group of growth retardants is most efficacious as it reduced shoot elongation and promote flowering as a result paclobutrazol is being promoted to control flowering and vegetative growth in commercial mango of Indo china. Australia and South Africa (Tongumpai et al. 1989; Rowley, 1990; Hillier and Rudge, 1991 and Voon et al.; 1991).","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126740765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0602003
Francis Chimezie Phillips, E. Ceesay
Forests are land areas above 0.5ha with a complex ecosystem consisting of a variety of plants, wild animals and microbes which interact with non-living abiotic factors FAO(2007). Forests are vital for rural livelihoods, biodiversity, climate change mitigation, energy supply, soil, water and wildlife protection Ajake and Anyadike (2012).They contribute significantly to the overall global energy supply particularly in rural areas; provide building materials and paper products; non-timber forest products including food, fodder and medicines, as well as cultural, spiritual and recreational values to Abstract: Rural households living in the fringe villages of forest reserves depend primarily on agriculture and forest gatherings. High rate of dependency results from their efforts to secure and sustain livelihood. Consequently the forest reserve resource is faced with a decline in quality and quantity. However, due to excessive use, it will be difficult to expect that these resources will be available in the nearest future. In order to address this menace, this paper examines the effect of livelihood activities on sustainable management of Ijaiye Forest Reserve in Oyo state. It specifically evaluated land use/land cover changes in the reserve between 1984 and 2016, identified livelihoods tied to the resources in the Reserve, determined the factors affecting exploitation of forest resources in the Reserve, and assessed the sustainability of the forest resources management in the Reserve. Remote sensing techniques were used in evaluating land use/land cover change pattern in the study area over 32 years, employing LANDSAT satellite imageries of 1984 (TM), 2000 (ETM+) and 2016 (OLI). Supervised classification was done to unveil the land use/land cover characteristics. Crosssectional data were obtained from a sample of 321 household heads. In addition, In-depth Interviews and Key Informant Interviews were conducted for the Zonal Officer and other forest reserve officials. The data obtained were analysed using GIS tools, Descriptive statistics, Probit Regression model and Criteria and Indicator method of measuring sustainability. The results showed that there have been significant changes in land use which in every sense indicate resource degradation, over the study period. For example, fallow land, farmland and bare surfaces increased by more than 50% while „thick forest cover” decreased in comparable magnitude over the period. The result also showed that farming (89.1%), non-timber resources gathering (34.6%) and fuelwood collection (33.3%) were the major livelihood activities of the people living in the area. Results showed that gender (p>0.05), marital status (p>0.01), primary occupation (p>0.01), and frequency visit of the reserve (p>0.01) increased the probability of exploiting forest resources while age (p>0.10), educational status (p>0.01), and distance of respondents‟ houses from the reserve (p>0.10) decreased the probability of exploiting forest re
森林是指面积在0.5公顷以上的土地，其复杂的生态系统由多种植物、野生动物和微生物组成，并与无生命的非生物因素相互作用(FAO, 2007)。森林对农村生计、生物多样性、减缓气候变化、能源供应、土壤、水和野生动物保护至关重要(Ajake and Anyadike, 2012)。它们对全球总的能源供应，特别是农村地区的能源供应作出了重大贡献;提供建筑材料和纸制品;摘要:森林保护区边缘村落农户主要依靠农业和森林集散为生。高依赖率是由于他们努力确保和维持生计。因此，森林储备资源面临着质量和数量的下降。但是，由于过度使用，很难期望在最近的将来能够获得这些资源。为了解决这一威胁，本文研究了生计活动对Oyo州Ijaiye森林保护区可持续管理的影响。具体评价了1984 - 2016年保护区土地利用/土地覆盖变化，确定了与保护区资源相关的生计，确定了保护区森林资源开发的影响因素，评估了保护区森林资源管理的可持续性。利用1984年(TM)、2000年(ETM+)和2016年(OLI)的LANDSAT卫星影像，利用遥感技术评价了研究区32年来土地利用/土地覆被变化格局。进行监督分类，揭示土地利用/土地覆盖特征。横断面数据来自321户户主样本。此外，还对地区官员和其他森林保护区官员进行了深入访谈和关键线人访谈。利用GIS工具、描述性统计、Probit回归模型和可持续性衡量标准与指标法对所得数据进行分析。结果表明，在研究期间，土地利用发生了重大变化，这在任何意义上都表明资源退化。例如，在此期间，休耕地、农田和光秃秃的地表增加了50%以上，而“茂密的森林覆盖”减少的幅度也相当。农业(89.1%)、非木材资源采集(34.6%)和薪材采集(33.3%)是该区居民的主要生计活动。结果表明:性别(p>0.05)、婚姻状况(p>0.01)、主要职业(p>0.01)和访问保护区的频率(p>0.01)增加了被调查者开发森林资源的概率，而年龄(p>0.10)、受教育程度(p>0.01)和住房距离保护区(p>0.10)降低了被调查者开发森林资源的概率。植被损失和转换率高，缺乏管理计划和清查，缺乏有效管理的资金，等等都意味着森林保护区的管理不符合可持续森林保护区管理的标准。采取协调一致的行动，例如鼓励使用改良的耕作技术、使用高效的烹饪器具、加强该地区的非森林活动，以及制定目标明确和可执行的森林保护区管理计划，对在保护区实现可持续的森林管理至关重要。有鉴于此，建议森林社区成员，特别是年轻人和积极分子，应参与森林保护区的管理。应开展有当地社区参与的环境教育运动。应为林业部门和工作人员提供资金、培训和业务设施，以促进对森林保护区的有效管理。
{"title":"Livelihood Dependence and Forest Reserve Management in Ijaiye Forest Reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"Francis Chimezie Phillips, E. Ceesay","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0602003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0602003","url":null,"abstract":"Forests are land areas above 0.5ha with a complex ecosystem consisting of a variety of plants, wild animals and microbes which interact with non-living abiotic factors FAO(2007). Forests are vital for rural livelihoods, biodiversity, climate change mitigation, energy supply, soil, water and wildlife protection Ajake and Anyadike (2012).They contribute significantly to the overall global energy supply particularly in rural areas; provide building materials and paper products; non-timber forest products including food, fodder and medicines, as well as cultural, spiritual and recreational values to Abstract: Rural households living in the fringe villages of forest reserves depend primarily on agriculture and forest gatherings. High rate of dependency results from their efforts to secure and sustain livelihood. Consequently the forest reserve resource is faced with a decline in quality and quantity. However, due to excessive use, it will be difficult to expect that these resources will be available in the nearest future. In order to address this menace, this paper examines the effect of livelihood activities on sustainable management of Ijaiye Forest Reserve in Oyo state. It specifically evaluated land use/land cover changes in the reserve between 1984 and 2016, identified livelihoods tied to the resources in the Reserve, determined the factors affecting exploitation of forest resources in the Reserve, and assessed the sustainability of the forest resources management in the Reserve. Remote sensing techniques were used in evaluating land use/land cover change pattern in the study area over 32 years, employing LANDSAT satellite imageries of 1984 (TM), 2000 (ETM+) and 2016 (OLI). Supervised classification was done to unveil the land use/land cover characteristics. Crosssectional data were obtained from a sample of 321 household heads. In addition, In-depth Interviews and Key Informant Interviews were conducted for the Zonal Officer and other forest reserve officials. The data obtained were analysed using GIS tools, Descriptive statistics, Probit Regression model and Criteria and Indicator method of measuring sustainability. The results showed that there have been significant changes in land use which in every sense indicate resource degradation, over the study period. For example, fallow land, farmland and bare surfaces increased by more than 50% while „thick forest cover” decreased in comparable magnitude over the period. The result also showed that farming (89.1%), non-timber resources gathering (34.6%) and fuelwood collection (33.3%) were the major livelihood activities of the people living in the area. Results showed that gender (p>0.05), marital status (p>0.01), primary occupation (p>0.01), and frequency visit of the reserve (p>0.01) increased the probability of exploiting forest resources while age (p>0.10), educational status (p>0.01), and distance of respondents‟ houses from the reserve (p>0.10) decreased the probability of exploiting forest re","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122187957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0504004
Seblework Belaineh
Cactus Pear Opuntia ficus‐indica (L.) Milis used in different ways. Mainly as fruit, juice, & even as salad mixture in Tigrayi region. leaves of this plant is used as main fodder source for any house hold animals, including to milking cows Cactus is originated from central and southern Mexico (). There are different reports with the introduction of cactus pear to Tigray. According to some legends cactus pear locally known as “beles” was introduced between 1848 and 1870 by Catholic Missionaries to eastern zone of Tigray, a priest called “Abune Yakob” who visited Erob, northern part of Tigray according to (). As a result, the priest brought three spineless cladodes from Mexico, its country of origin and planted one cladode in Alitena (Erob), the second cladode planted in Golea (Gantaafeshum) and the third cladode planted in Lehe (Eritrea). In modern times, first and foremost, O. ficus-indica is grown for the large, sweet fruits (often called “tunas”), which are available in local and commercial markets worldwide (3). Important tuna-growing regions include Mexico, Sicily, Algeria, Chile, Brazil, and northern Africa. In addition, the young cladodes (stem segments) of O. ficus-indica are harvested as a vegetable crop (often called nopalitos). Although this crop is less valuable worldwide than the fruit crop & vegetable products. Over the last few decades’ interest in cactus pear as food and feed has increased due to its drought resistance, high biomass yield, high palatability and tolerance to salinity (). Cactus pear cladodes are used to feed livestock (). These plants have high biomass yields and are palatable, tolerant to salinity and have high digestible energy content. Opuntia has high water content [about 150 g dry matter (DM)/kg fresh material] and also serves as a source of water for livestock in dry regions described cactus pear as a miracle plant, dromedary of the vegetation world, and the bank of life as it can contribute to livelihoods of rural populations in dry seasons of some areas, assume greater agricultural importance in dry areas. ( since Abstract: Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) Belongs to family cacteaces. It is used as a staple fruit in Tgrayi region; it was introduced to the region by one priest more than hundred years ago. This crop is economically important endangered, and endemic to the region. So this plant belongs among the three EEE crops, propriety set to conserve seeds in the gene bank. This storage behavior study was conducted by the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI) and collaboration with Adigrat University of Tigrayi region since 2016 Etc. Main purpose of this study was to categorize the storage behavior of Opuntia ficus-indica L. The plant is economically important, endangered, & can be called also as endemic for the region (EEE). For EBI the main concern to study the storage behavior of this crop for longterm conservation and sustainable utilization of genetic resources in the country. It was not studied
仙人掌、梨、无花果(L.)米利有不同的用法。主要作为水果，果汁，甚至作为沙拉混合物在提格雷地区。这种植物的叶子被用作任何家养动物的主要饲料来源，包括奶牛。仙人掌原产于墨西哥中部和南部()。关于提格雷引进仙人掌梨有不同的报道。根据一些传说，当地称为“beles”的仙人掌梨是在1848年至1870年间由天主教传教士引入提格雷东部地区的，一位名叫“Abune Yakob”的牧师根据()访问了提格雷北部的Erob。因此，神父从其原产国墨西哥带来了三株无刺枝，一株种植在Alitena (Erob)，第二株种植在Golea (Gantaafeshum)，第三株种植在Lehe(厄立特里亚)。在现代，种植无花果树首先是为了获得大而甜的果实(通常被称为“金枪鱼”)，这些果实可以在当地和世界各地的商业市场上买到(3)。重要的金枪鱼种植区包括墨西哥、西西里岛、阿尔及利亚、智利、巴西和北非。此外，榕树的年轻枝(茎段)作为蔬菜作物(通常称为nopalitos)收获。虽然这种作物在世界范围内的价值不如水果作物和蔬菜产品。在过去的几十年里，由于仙人掌梨具有抗旱性、高生物量产量、高适口性和耐盐性，人们对其作为食物和饲料的兴趣越来越大()。仙人掌、梨枝被用来喂养牲畜()。这些植物具有高生物量产量，美味，耐盐和高可消化能量含量。仙人掌具有高含水量[约150克干物质(DM)/公斤新鲜物质]，也是干旱地区牲畜的水源，仙人掌梨被描述为一种神奇的植物，是植被界的单峰骆驼，是生命的银行，因为它可以在一些地区的干旱季节为农村人口的生计做出贡献，在干旱地区具有更大的农业重要性。摘要:仙人掌梨(Opuntia ficus-indica L.)属于家族遗产。它被用作格雷伊地区的主要水果;一百多年前，一位牧师把它引入了这个地区。这种作物具有重要的经济价值，濒临灭绝，是该地区特有的。因此，这种植物属于三种EEE作物之一，适当地将种子保存在基因库中。该储存行为研究由埃塞俄比亚生物多样性研究所(EBI)与提格雷地区阿迪格拉特大学(Adigrat University of Tigrayi)于2016年合作开展。本研究的主要目的是对榕树(Opuntia ficus-indica L.)的贮藏行为进行分类。该植物具有重要的经济价值，是濒危植物，也可称为该地区特有植物(EEE)。为了实现遗传资源的长期保存和可持续利用，研究该作物的储存行为是EBI研究的重点。在此之前没有研究过如何保存在基因库中。种子最初采集自Tigrayi地区的两个地方，靠近Mekele的地方称为(siat-kuyet)和Tigrayi地区边界的yeha。在当地，它们分别被称为Garaoo和Suluhuuna。采用不同浓度的四氮唑溶液(TZ)进行初步活力试验。采用IPGR种子储存行为鉴定的标准协议方法对所有种子进行了检查，结果表明所有种子都是有活力的。将种子在室温下干燥，初始水分含量为8.5%，室温干燥至3.5%，在-10℃下干燥6个月后，再次测定活力，活力为100%。我们建议这两种种子都可以作为正统种子保存在基因库中，以便长期保存和可持续利用。
{"title":"Storage Behavior Study on Cactus Pear (Opuntia Ficus-Indica L.) &Sustainable Utilization","authors":"Seblework Belaineh","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0504004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0504004","url":null,"abstract":"Cactus Pear Opuntia ficus‐indica (L.) Milis used in different ways. Mainly as fruit, juice, & even as salad mixture in Tigrayi region. leaves of this plant is used as main fodder source for any house hold animals, including to milking cows Cactus is originated from central and southern Mexico (). There are different reports with the introduction of cactus pear to Tigray. According to some legends cactus pear locally known as “beles” was introduced between 1848 and 1870 by Catholic Missionaries to eastern zone of Tigray, a priest called “Abune Yakob” who visited Erob, northern part of Tigray according to (). As a result, the priest brought three spineless cladodes from Mexico, its country of origin and planted one cladode in Alitena (Erob), the second cladode planted in Golea (Gantaafeshum) and the third cladode planted in Lehe (Eritrea). In modern times, first and foremost, O. ficus-indica is grown for the large, sweet fruits (often called “tunas”), which are available in local and commercial markets worldwide (3). Important tuna-growing regions include Mexico, Sicily, Algeria, Chile, Brazil, and northern Africa. In addition, the young cladodes (stem segments) of O. ficus-indica are harvested as a vegetable crop (often called nopalitos). Although this crop is less valuable worldwide than the fruit crop & vegetable products. Over the last few decades’ interest in cactus pear as food and feed has increased due to its drought resistance, high biomass yield, high palatability and tolerance to salinity (). Cactus pear cladodes are used to feed livestock (). These plants have high biomass yields and are palatable, tolerant to salinity and have high digestible energy content. Opuntia has high water content [about 150 g dry matter (DM)/kg fresh material] and also serves as a source of water for livestock in dry regions described cactus pear as a miracle plant, dromedary of the vegetation world, and the bank of life as it can contribute to livelihoods of rural populations in dry seasons of some areas, assume greater agricultural importance in dry areas. ( since Abstract: Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) Belongs to family cacteaces. It is used as a staple fruit in Tgrayi region; it was introduced to the region by one priest more than hundred years ago. This crop is economically important endangered, and endemic to the region. So this plant belongs among the three EEE crops, propriety set to conserve seeds in the gene bank. This storage behavior study was conducted by the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI) and collaboration with Adigrat University of Tigrayi region since 2016 Etc. Main purpose of this study was to categorize the storage behavior of Opuntia ficus-indica L. The plant is economically important, endangered, & can be called also as endemic for the region (EEE). For EBI the main concern to study the storage behavior of this crop for longterm conservation and sustainable utilization of genetic resources in the country. It was not studied ","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121598628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0501004
J. Amonum, B. Jonathan, Japheth H.D
Tree composition and distribution is very helpful in understanding the status of forest stands, regeneration, and diversity for conservation purposes. The structure of forest estates largely depends on the ecological characteristics of sites, species diversity and regeneration status of tree species. Quantitative information on composition, distribution, or abundance of trees species is of key importance to understanding the status (composition and structure) of a forest estate; also for decision-making, planning and implementation of conservation strategy of the forest estate(s).
{"title":"Structure and Diversity of Tree Species at the College of Forestry and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Amonum, B. Jonathan, Japheth H.D","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0501004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0501004","url":null,"abstract":"Tree composition and distribution is very helpful in understanding the status of forest stands, regeneration, and diversity for conservation purposes. The structure of forest estates largely depends on the ecological characteristics of sites, species diversity and regeneration status of tree species. Quantitative information on composition, distribution, or abundance of trees species is of key importance to understanding the status (composition and structure) of a forest estate; also for decision-making, planning and implementation of conservation strategy of the forest estate(s).","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127028427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-9487.0603002
Obsa Atnafu
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient and a major structural and physiological component of basically all processes related to plant development, growth and reproduction. For sustainable agriculture and food production, N is indispensable and it therefore has to be re-supplied to agricultural soils to prevent nutrient depletion and soil degradation. Nitrogen is the most critical externally added input for any crop production system. The half of the global population directly or indirectly depends on nitrogenous fertilizers for food supply. Efficient use of nitrogen is essential to decrease negative impacts of agriculture on the environment. Improvement in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is important to reduce input costs and the negative impact of excessive N on the environment. Therefore, response to applied nitrogen and its use efficiency have to be monitored properly for obtaining the maximum potential and sustainable yield. Efficiency of applied nitrogenous fertilizers is very low due to its various losses i.e. volatilization, leaching, surface runoff and denitrification from soil-plant system. Therefore, the proper understanding of advanced soil and plant management practices which helps in enhancement of nitrogen recovery efficiency is one of the key factors to enhance crop output, decreasing cost of cultivation, and to maintain environmental quality which ultimately adds towards the goal of achieving long term sustainable production system. In this review, an attempt has been made summarize the locally as well as scientific soil and crop management technologies used for improving use efficiency of applied N. This paper also discusses nitrogen cycling in soil-plant systems, various N losses pathways, present status and most possible management options at the farm level for enhancing nitrogen use in crop production system. Therefore, use of efficient rates of nitrogen fertilizer application is important with regard to increasing crop productivity and maintaining environmental sustainability.
{"title":"Review on Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Cereal Crop Production","authors":"Obsa Atnafu","doi":"10.20431/2454-9487.0603002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9487.0603002","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient and a major structural and physiological component of basically all processes related to plant development, growth and reproduction. For sustainable agriculture and food production, N is indispensable and it therefore has to be re-supplied to agricultural soils to prevent nutrient depletion and soil degradation. Nitrogen is the most critical externally added input for any crop production system. The half of the global population directly or indirectly depends on nitrogenous fertilizers for food supply. Efficient use of nitrogen is essential to decrease negative impacts of agriculture on the environment. Improvement in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is important to reduce input costs and the negative impact of excessive N on the environment. Therefore, response to applied nitrogen and its use efficiency have to be monitored properly for obtaining the maximum potential and sustainable yield. Efficiency of applied nitrogenous fertilizers is very low due to its various losses i.e. volatilization, leaching, surface runoff and denitrification from soil-plant system. Therefore, the proper understanding of advanced soil and plant management practices which helps in enhancement of nitrogen recovery efficiency is one of the key factors to enhance crop output, decreasing cost of cultivation, and to maintain environmental quality which ultimately adds towards the goal of achieving long term sustainable production system. In this review, an attempt has been made summarize the locally as well as scientific soil and crop management technologies used for improving use efficiency of applied N. This paper also discusses nitrogen cycling in soil-plant systems, various N losses pathways, present status and most possible management options at the farm level for enhancing nitrogen use in crop production system. Therefore, use of efficient rates of nitrogen fertilizer application is important with regard to increasing crop productivity and maintaining environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":185965,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129122256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：