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Proceedings First International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC '98)最新文献

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Exception handling in object-oriented real-time distributed systems 面向对象实时分布式系统中的异常处理
Exception handling in a complex concurrent and distributed system (e.g. one involving cooperating rather than just competing activities) is often a necessary, but a very difficult, task. No widely accepted models or approaches exist in this area. The object-oriented paradigm, for all its structuring benefits, and real-time requirements each add further difficulties to the design and implementation of exception handling in such systems. In this paper, we develop a general structuring framework based on the coordinated atomic (CA) action concept for handling exceptions in an object-oriented distributed system, in which exceptions in both the value and the time domain are taken into account. In particular, we attempt to attack several difficult problems related to real-time system design and error recovery, including action-level timing constraints, time-triggered CA actions, and time-dependent exception handling. The proposed framework is then demonstrated and assessed using an industrial real-time application-the Production Cell III case study.
在复杂的并发和分布式系统中(例如,涉及合作而不仅仅是竞争活动的系统)异常处理通常是必要的,但也是非常困难的任务。在这个领域没有被广泛接受的模型或方法。面向对象的范例,尽管有其所有的结构化优点,以及实时需求,都给这种系统中异常处理的设计和实现增加了进一步的困难。本文提出了一种基于协调原子(CA)动作概念的通用结构框架,用于处理面向对象分布式系统中的异常,该框架同时考虑了值域和时间域的异常。特别是,我们试图解决与实时系统设计和错误恢复相关的几个难题,包括操作级定时约束、时间触发的CA操作和时间相关的异常处理。然后,使用工业实时应用(生产单元III案例研究)对提出的框架进行了演示和评估。
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引用次数: 21
Real-Time Inter-ORB Protocol on distributed environment 分布式环境下的实时orb间协议
The paper describes the design and implementation of Real-Time Inter-ORB Protocol suited for multimedia applications on the CORBA environment. Conventional CORBA is not well suited for real time applications, since it does not define policies nor mechanisms to provide QoS guarantees, and does not define key features that are necessary to support real time programming. The existing TAO's RIOP for Real-Time CORBA has a mechanism to transfer QoS information but has a lack of support for QoS enforcement to achieve those QoS requests. In order to solve this problem, the paper suggests an integration of GIOP/IIOP with RSVP for Real-Time CORBA. A key feature is presented: QoS enforcement, which is provided for Real-Time CORBA by integrating IIOP with RSVP.
本文介绍了CORBA环境下适合多媒体应用的实时orb间协议的设计与实现。传统的CORBA不太适合实时应用程序,因为它没有定义提供QoS保证的策略和机制,也没有定义支持实时编程所必需的关键特性。现有的TAO实时CORBA RIOP具有传输QoS信息的机制,但缺乏对QoS强制实现这些QoS请求的支持。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种GIOP/IIOP与RSVP的实时CORBA集成方案。提出了一个关键特性:QoS强制,通过集成IIOP和RSVP为实时CORBA提供QoS强制。
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引用次数: 5
Coordinated atomic actions in modelling object cooperation 建模对象协作中的协调原子动作
The approach described in this paper makes use of Coordinated Atomic Actions (CA actions)-a structural design mechanism, for representing the cooperation between objects, at different stages of the software development. The original concept of a CA action has been expanded for accommodating the modelling needs of the initial stages of software development. One of the motivations for using CA actions in an OO approach, is the ability of CA actions to extract from the specification of an object those issues which are related with its the collaborative activities, thus avoiding that a specification of a cooperation be scattered among the specifications of the objects. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated in terms of a benchmark case study.
本文描述的方法使用了协调原子动作(CA动作)——一种结构设计机制,用于在软件开发的不同阶段表示对象之间的合作。为了适应软件开发初始阶段的建模需求,CA动作的原始概念已经得到了扩展。在OO方法中使用CA操作的动机之一是CA操作能够从对象的规范中提取与其协作活动相关的问题,从而避免在对象的规范中分散合作的规范。通过一个基准案例研究证明了该方法的可行性。
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引用次数: 18
An implementation model for time-triggered message-triggered object support mechanisms in CORBA-compliant COTS platforms corba兼容的COTS平台中时间触发消息触发对象支持机制的实现模型
Object-oriented analysis and design methodologies have become popular in development of non-real-time business data processing applications. However, conventional object-oriented techniques have had minimal impacts on development of real-time applications mainly because these techniques do not explicitly address key characteristics of real-time systems, in particular timing requirements. The Time-triggered Message-triggered Object (TMO) structuring is in our view the most natural extension of the object-oriented design and implementation techniques which allows the system designer to explicitly specify timing characteristics of data and function components of an object. To facilitate TMO-based design of real-time systems in the most cost-effective manner it is essential to provide execution support mechanisms in well-established commercial software/hardware platforms compliant with industry standards. In this paper, we present an implementation model for TMO support mechanisms in CORBA-compliant commercial-off-the-self (COTS) platforms. We first introduce a natural and simple mapping between TMO's and CORBA objects. Then, we identify the services to be provided by the TMO support subsystem and an efficient way these services should be implemented. The rest of the paper discusses an implementation of the proposed model realized on top of the Windows NT operating system and the Orbix object request.
面向对象的分析和设计方法在非实时业务数据处理应用程序的开发中非常流行。然而,传统的面向对象技术对实时应用程序的开发影响很小,主要是因为这些技术没有明确地处理实时系统的关键特征,特别是定时需求。在我们看来,时间触发消息触发对象(TMO)结构是面向对象设计和实现技术最自然的扩展,它允许系统设计者显式地指定对象的数据和功能组件的时间特征。为了以最具成本效益的方式促进基于tmo的实时系统设计,必须在符合工业标准的成熟商业软件/硬件平台上提供执行支持机制。在本文中,我们提出了一个在corba兼容的商用自交付(COTS)平台中TMO支持机制的实现模型。我们首先介绍TMO和CORBA对象之间的自然而简单的映射。然后,我们确定了TMO支持子系统需要提供的服务以及实现这些服务的有效方法。本文的其余部分讨论了该模型在Windows NT操作系统和Orbix对象请求之上的实现。
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引用次数: 25
Concepts and features of processes flying technology 过程飞行技术的概念和特点
Processes flying is considered a key technological concept of computation organization, suitable also for the development of parallel programs of high dynamism, reliability and tunability to different internal and external factors (including unpredictable factors).
进程飞行被认为是计算组织的一个关键技术概念,也适用于开发具有高动态性、高可靠性和对不同内外因素(包括不可预测因素)可调性的并行程序。
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引用次数: 0
An adaptive approach to object-oriented real-time computing 面向对象实时计算的自适应方法
Real time computing is becoming an enabling technology for many important distributed applications such as flexible manufacturing, multimedia, robotics and process control. Traditionally, real time systems have been realized as isolated embedded systems. Unfortunately, this approach no longer suffices for future complex systems in the application scenarios mentioned above. In this situation, the use of an object oriented design paradigm greatly reduces the complexity of the system while improving reusability and manageability. Furthermore, the surrounding IT infrastructure is more and more accessible through object oriented interfaces (e.g. CORBA). In addition, object oriented modeling allows reflection of the dynamic characteristics of the applications mentioned above by instantiating objects dynamically. In order to meet the real time requirements in such an environment, static scheduling is not sufficient since many non predictable resource conflicts influence execution times. Therefore, the most distinguishing requirement of these complex heterogeneous systems is the need of the computing system to dynamically adapt to dynamically changing conditions. Little work has been done on integrating object oriented system design with resource allocation algorithms that are flexible enough to cope with this new requirement. The paper presents an approach for an adaptive object oriented system with integrated monitoring, dynamic execution time prediction and scheduling. It explains how this approach is applied to CORBA and C++.
实时计算正在成为许多重要的分布式应用(如柔性制造、多媒体、机器人和过程控制)的使能技术。传统上,实时系统是作为孤立的嵌入式系统来实现的。不幸的是,这种方法不再满足上述应用程序场景中未来的复杂系统。在这种情况下,使用面向对象的设计范例大大降低了系统的复杂性,同时提高了可重用性和可管理性。此外,通过面向对象的接口(例如CORBA),周围的IT基础设施越来越容易访问。此外,面向对象的建模允许通过动态实例化对象来反映上面提到的应用程序的动态特征。为了满足这种环境中的实时需求,静态调度是不够的,因为许多不可预测的资源冲突会影响执行时间。因此,这些复杂异构系统最显著的要求是需要计算系统动态适应动态变化的条件。在将面向对象的系统设计与足够灵活的资源分配算法集成在一起以应对这种新需求方面所做的工作很少。提出了一种集监控、动态执行时间预测和调度于一体的自适应面向对象系统的实现方法。它解释了如何将这种方法应用于CORBA和c++。
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引用次数: 42
Implementation of a customizable fault tolerance framework 实现可定制的容错框架
While there has been significant advances in fault tolerance research, the effort has focused on the design of individual fault-tolerant systems or methodologies. Recently, some research has been initiated to develop fault tolerance paradigms that can be used to provide a spectrum of fault tolerance levels. In this paper, we present the design of a fault tolerance framework that can be used to support a wide spectrum of applications with various fault tolerance requirements, various criticality levels, and various system models. The framework is designed to be parameterizable so that the user can configure it to obtain the desired features. Also, the framework is designed to be an off-the-shelf component such that application programs can be integrated within it easily to obtain the fault-tolerant version of the application system. A specialized N-modular redundancy (SNMR) scheme has been developed to serve as the primary approach for achieving efficient and cost-effective fault tolerance for the framework. In most cases, the SNMR scheme yields better performance and lower cost in providing fault tolerance as compared with conventional NMR schemes. It also enhances the scalability and customizability of the general replication method. This paper discusses the major concept of the SNMR framework and the main issues in the design and implementation of the framework, including an object-oriented overall system design and the interface protocol class hierarchy. The interface protocol class hierarchy provides a nice paradigm for the implementation of customizable, highly reusable, and easily extensible SNMR framework.
虽然在容错研究方面已经取得了重大进展,但其工作主要集中在单个容错系统或方法的设计上。最近,一些研究已经开始开发可用于提供一系列容错级别的容错范式。在本文中,我们提出了一个容错框架的设计,该框架可用于支持具有各种容错要求、各种临界级别和各种系统模型的广泛应用程序。该框架被设计为可参数化的,以便用户可以配置它以获得所需的特性。此外,该框架被设计为现成的组件,以便应用程序可以轻松地集成在其中,以获得应用程序系统的容错版本。一个专门的n模块冗余(SNMR)方案已经被开发出来,作为实现框架高效和经济的容错的主要方法。在大多数情况下,与传统的核磁共振方案相比,SNMR方案在提供容错方面具有更好的性能和更低的成本。它还增强了一般复制方法的可伸缩性和可定制性。本文讨论了SNMR框架的主要概念和框架设计与实现中的主要问题,包括面向对象的总体系统设计和接口协议类层次结构。接口协议类层次结构为实现可定制、高度可重用和易于扩展的SNMR框架提供了一个很好的范例。
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引用次数: 11
An approach to distributed component-based real-time application software development 基于分布式组件的实时应用软件开发方法
Component-based software development would allow application software to be largely constructed rather than programmed. This approach would dramatically improve the productivity of software development. Although there are many reusable software packages available, the integration of the chosen parts remains a very difficult problem because there are many barriers of integration, including programming languages, operating systems, communication mechanism, interface, etc. In this paper, an approach to developing real-time application software based on a distributed component architecture and cross-platform and cross-language integration of these software components is presented. The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is used in the implementation. The distributed components will satisfy easy retrieval and integration over a heterogeneous distributed system environment. A component replication mechanism is used for providing fault-tolerance. Using object adapters with a real-time request monitor and scheduler that are transparently generated by a distributed component integration tool, real-time and fault-tolerance features can be easily incorporated in the application software.
基于组件的软件开发将允许应用软件在很大程度上被构造而不是被编程。这种方法将极大地提高软件开发的生产率。尽管有许多可重用的软件包,但是所选部件的集成仍然是一个非常困难的问题,因为集成的障碍很多,包括编程语言、操作系统、通信机制、接口等。本文提出了一种基于分布式构件体系结构以及构件跨平台、跨语言集成的实时应用软件开发方法。在实现中使用了公共对象请求代理体系结构(CORBA)。分布式组件将满足在异构分布式系统环境上的轻松检索和集成。组件复制机制用于提供容错。使用对象适配器和由分布式组件集成工具透明生成的实时请求监视器和调度器,可以很容易地将实时和容错特性集成到应用程序软件中。
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引用次数: 24
Using ordered and atomic multicast for distributed deadlock prevention 使用有序和原子多播来防止分布式死锁
This paper presents a new mechanism for preventing resource deadlock in a distributed system. The mechanism uses the ordered and atomic multicast (OAM) services to prevent processes that concurrently share resources from deadlocks. OAM provides communication services which deliver messages to their destinations with the guarantees of ordering and atomicity. The paper shows that in a number of situations, OAM is a good alternative to the existing deadlock prevention techniques.
本文提出了一种在分布式系统中防止资源死锁的新机制。该机制使用有序和原子多播(OAM)服务来防止并发共享资源的进程陷入死锁。OAM提供通信服务,这些服务将消息传递到目的地,并保证排序和原子性。本文表明,在许多情况下,OAM是现有死锁预防技术的一个很好的替代方案。
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引用次数: 2
An Object Oriented CHILL debugger 一个面向对象的CHILL调试器
We present the design and implementation of a debugger for Object-Oriented CHILL that has three object models: module, region and task modes. Besides basic facilities for general debugging, the Object-Oriented CHILL debugger provides facilities for showing information of object types (modes), inheritance, visibility and dynamic bindings. To provide debugging facilities for these object-oriented properties we have newly designed or extended the GNU debugger, GDB. Since our implementation is based on the translator, the additional considerations such as investigating original line numbers for source level debugging are supported.
本文设计并实现了一个面向对象的CHILL调试器,该调试器具有模块、区域和任务三种对象模式。除了一般调试的基本工具外,面向对象的CHILL调试器还提供了显示对象类型(模式)、继承、可见性和动态绑定信息的工具。为了提供这些面向对象属性的调试工具,我们新设计或扩展了GNU调试器GDB。由于我们的实现是基于转换器的,因此支持额外的考虑,例如调查源代码级调试的原始行号。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings First International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC '98)
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