Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6798.19.7.269
E. Gomaa, E. H. Ali
Positron Annihilation Lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy has been used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of graphite and copper nano-particles in polyvinylchloride (PVC)/ butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer (NBR) blends on free volume properties of PVC/NBR nano composites. However, the miscibility of PVC/NBR blends was investigated. The free-volume properties showed a negative deviation from linear additive relationship indicating miscibility of two blends. In additions, this research to confirm the results of the previous study on the same samples through the correlation between positron annihilation parameters and some of the properties studied.
{"title":"Effect of Graphite and Copper Nano-Particles on Free Volume Properties of PVC/NBR Blends Studied by Pal Spectroscopy","authors":"E. Gomaa, E. H. Ali","doi":"10.35248/2329-6798.19.7.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6798.19.7.269","url":null,"abstract":"Positron Annihilation Lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy has been used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of graphite and copper nano-particles in polyvinylchloride (PVC)/ butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer (NBR) blends on free volume properties of PVC/NBR nano composites. However, the miscibility of PVC/NBR blends was investigated. The free-volume properties showed a negative deviation from linear additive relationship indicating miscibility of two blends. In additions, this research to confirm the results of the previous study on the same samples through the correlation between positron annihilation parameters and some of the properties studied.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83212494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.mc.20190704.12
Abdul Ali Juma Mohamed, Ibrahim Ahmed Abass, Mayassa Salum Ally
{"title":"Level of Selected Elements in Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyces and Lippia asperifolia Leaves and Their Possible Effects on Human Blood Pressure","authors":"Abdul Ali Juma Mohamed, Ibrahim Ahmed Abass, Mayassa Salum Ally","doi":"10.11648/j.mc.20190704.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190704.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78182607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6798.19.7.266
Uzoamaka Iem, O. Chibuike, A. Onyewuchi
This study investigates the removal of chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solution using resin synthesized by modifying red onion skin extract with a tri-carboxylic acid (citric acid). The performance of citric acid red onion skin extract resin (CRER) in the removal process was examined based on the effect of temperature (302 to 343 K), agitation time (10 to 60 min) and initial ion concentration (2 to 100 mg/L). Data analysis from agitation time experiments showed that equilibrium adsorption was attained within 30 min. Maximum percentage adsorption was observed at 313 K, while the percentage ion adsorbed increased with increase in initial concentrations of Cr (VI) ions. The experimental data were subjected to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models evaluation; and the deductions from the correlation coefficient (R2) of the plots showed that Freundlich isotherm model represented the best fitting for the batch experiment. Thermodynamic parameters were determined and the results indicated that the sorption process was spontaneous with ΔG values as -9.433, -8.811, -7.745, -5.400 and -3.395 kJ/mol for 302, 313, 323, 333 and 343 K respectively. Adsorption with CRER was exothermic with respect to its negative ΔH (-55.610 KJ/ mol) value, while decrease in disorderliness of the adsorption system was reflected by the negative ΔS (-150.816 J/K/ mol) value. Pseudo-second order kinetic process was resolved for the reaction rate investigations, with the values of activation energy and pre-exponential factor as -118.167 kJ/mol and 5.749 × 10-17 g/mol/min respectively. Dubinin- Radushkevich isotherm model was used to evaluate the sorption mechanism, and it was observed that physisorption is the dominant mechanism for the reaction with the E values ranging from 6.51 to 6.95 kJ/mol at the different experimental temperatures.
{"title":"Tri-Carboxylic Acid Red Onion (Allium cepa) Skin Extract Resin for the Removal of Chromium (VI) Ion from Aqueous Solution","authors":"Uzoamaka Iem, O. Chibuike, A. Onyewuchi","doi":"10.35248/2329-6798.19.7.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6798.19.7.266","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the removal of chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solution using resin synthesized by modifying red onion skin extract with a tri-carboxylic acid (citric acid). The performance of citric acid red onion skin extract resin (CRER) in the removal process was examined based on the effect of temperature (302 to 343 K), agitation time (10 to 60 min) and initial ion concentration (2 to 100 mg/L). Data analysis from agitation time experiments showed that equilibrium adsorption was attained within 30 min. Maximum percentage adsorption was observed at 313 K, while the percentage ion adsorbed increased with increase in initial concentrations of Cr (VI) ions. The experimental data were subjected to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models evaluation; and the deductions from the correlation coefficient (R2) of the plots showed that Freundlich isotherm model represented the best fitting for the batch experiment. Thermodynamic parameters were determined and the results indicated that the sorption process was spontaneous with ΔG values as -9.433, -8.811, -7.745, -5.400 and -3.395 kJ/mol for 302, 313, 323, 333 and 343 K respectively. Adsorption with CRER was exothermic with respect to its negative ΔH (-55.610 KJ/ mol) value, while decrease in disorderliness of the adsorption system was reflected by the negative ΔS (-150.816 J/K/ mol) value. Pseudo-second order kinetic process was resolved for the reaction rate investigations, with the values of activation energy and pre-exponential factor as -118.167 kJ/mol and 5.749 × 10-17 g/mol/min respectively. Dubinin- Radushkevich isotherm model was used to evaluate the sorption mechanism, and it was observed that physisorption is the dominant mechanism for the reaction with the E values ranging from 6.51 to 6.95 kJ/mol at the different experimental temperatures.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79280291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-6798.19.7.267
D. Gatsing, G. T. Kamsu, S. P. Fodouop, R. S. Tagne, N. Kodjio, Adolette Lesly Nguelebek Fakam
Background: Commonly called "two hundred diseases" in Western Cameroon, Curcuma longa is a plant widely used in traditional medicine for many years. In order to evaluate the safety of this plant commonly use in the treatment of typhoid fever in Cameroon, the acute and Sub-chronic toxicity of the ethanolic extract of Curcuma rhizomes has been studied in albino rats of Wistar strain. Materials and methods: Acute and sub-acute toxicity of this extract were study using OCDE 2008 guidelines. Results: The physical parameters were recorded during the experiment and the hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as the histology of the liver and reproductive organs were carried out at the end of the experiment. The acute toxicity study revealed no toxic effects, no behavioural disturbances and no death in rats. The Sub-chronic toxicity study revealed an increase in feed intake and weight gain in male and female rats at test doses throughout the treatment period. A significant decrease of transaminase activity, serum creatinine level, LDL cholesterol level and the artherogenicity index in the test animals compared with the control were noted. Repeated administration of the extract also increased urinary creatinine levels, white blood cell counts, and HDL cholesterol levels. The extract kept a constant level of red blood cells in animals and had no visible effect on the reproductive organs of male and female rats. Conclusion: This extract can therefore be used for the formulation of phytomedicine against typhoid fever at the therapeutic dose of 30 mg/kg used by traditional practitioners.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity of the Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) in Wistar Albino Rats","authors":"D. Gatsing, G. T. Kamsu, S. P. Fodouop, R. S. Tagne, N. Kodjio, Adolette Lesly Nguelebek Fakam","doi":"10.35248/2329-6798.19.7.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6798.19.7.267","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Commonly called \"two hundred diseases\" in Western Cameroon, Curcuma longa is a plant widely used in traditional medicine for many years. In order to evaluate the safety of this plant commonly use in the treatment of typhoid fever in Cameroon, the acute and Sub-chronic toxicity of the ethanolic extract of Curcuma rhizomes has been studied in albino rats of Wistar strain. Materials and methods: Acute and sub-acute toxicity of this extract were study using OCDE 2008 guidelines. Results: The physical parameters were recorded during the experiment and the hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as the histology of the liver and reproductive organs were carried out at the end of the experiment. The acute toxicity study revealed no toxic effects, no behavioural disturbances and no death in rats. The Sub-chronic toxicity study revealed an increase in feed intake and weight gain in male and female rats at test doses throughout the treatment period. A significant decrease of transaminase activity, serum creatinine level, LDL cholesterol level and the artherogenicity index in the test animals compared with the control were noted. Repeated administration of the extract also increased urinary creatinine levels, white blood cell counts, and HDL cholesterol levels. The extract kept a constant level of red blood cells in animals and had no visible effect on the reproductive organs of male and female rats. Conclusion: This extract can therefore be used for the formulation of phytomedicine against typhoid fever at the therapeutic dose of 30 mg/kg used by traditional practitioners.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82084356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-08DOI: 10.4172/2329-6798.1000247
Priyankar Maji, S. Basu, B. Banik, J. Ganguly
A greener and rapid electrochemical technique was performed by indium doped tin oxide (ITO) glasses as working electrode in cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry to screen the antioxidant activities of the aqueous extracts of different species of edible mushrooms Plureotus florida, Calocybe indica and Tricholoma gigantum found in West Bengal. The ITO glasses as electrode was very sensitive for the detection of electrical potentiality with 10 μl of 20 μg/ml (volume and concentration) concentration in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) for the isolated aqueous extracts of mushrooms along with ascorbic acid and gallic acid as standards. In addition to the electrochemical study, the spectrophotometric assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant constituents, their reducing power and free radical scavenging ability of the extracts. The results obtained from both electrochemical and spectrophotometrical assays were in good agreement to each other for the detectable and significant range of antioxidant potentiality of these extracts. The present electrochemical ITO electrode method is a greener, efficient, cost effective, recyclable, and less cumbersome for detection of antioxidant properties of mushrooms compared to the other available electrochemical techniques.
{"title":"Antioxidant Edible Mushrooms: A Green and Rapid Electrochemical Study with the Aqueous Extracts","authors":"Priyankar Maji, S. Basu, B. Banik, J. Ganguly","doi":"10.4172/2329-6798.1000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6798.1000247","url":null,"abstract":"A greener and rapid electrochemical technique was performed by indium doped tin oxide (ITO) glasses as working electrode in cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry to screen the antioxidant activities of the aqueous extracts of different species of edible mushrooms Plureotus florida, Calocybe indica and Tricholoma gigantum found in West Bengal. The ITO glasses as electrode was very sensitive for the detection of electrical potentiality with 10 μl of 20 μg/ml (volume and concentration) concentration in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) for the isolated aqueous extracts of mushrooms along with ascorbic acid and gallic acid as standards. In addition to the electrochemical study, the spectrophotometric assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant constituents, their reducing power and free radical scavenging ability of the extracts. The results obtained from both electrochemical and spectrophotometrical assays were in good agreement to each other for the detectable and significant range of antioxidant potentiality of these extracts. The present electrochemical ITO electrode method is a greener, efficient, cost effective, recyclable, and less cumbersome for detection of antioxidant properties of mushrooms compared to the other available electrochemical techniques.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"502 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78138217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-6798.1000253
R. N. Yadav, Ashwini Bobbala, B. Banik
Molecular iodine-catalyzed microwave-assisted one-pot three components aza-Diels-Alder reaction has been investigated. This method has been used for an efficient synthesis of 2-azabicyclo-[2, 2, 2]-cyclooctanones.
{"title":"Iodine-Catalyzed Microwave-Induced Multicomponent Aza-Diels Alder [4+2] Cycloaddition Reaction: A Versatile Approach Towards Bicyclo-[2,2,2]-Octanones","authors":"R. N. Yadav, Ashwini Bobbala, B. Banik","doi":"10.4172/2329-6798.1000253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6798.1000253","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular iodine-catalyzed microwave-assisted one-pot three components aza-Diels-Alder reaction has been investigated. This method has been used for an efficient synthesis of 2-azabicyclo-[2, 2, 2]-cyclooctanones.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74547777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-6798.1000259
R. N. Yadav, B. Banik
A new and novel bismuth nitrate and indium bromide-catalyzed glycosylation of aromatic amines with glycal epoxides is described in moderate yield. Despite the poor nucleophilicity of the aromatic amines, the success of this reaction is noteworthy.
{"title":"Novel Glycosylation of Aromatic Amines Through 1, 2-Anhydrosugars","authors":"R. N. Yadav, B. Banik","doi":"10.4172/2329-6798.1000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6798.1000259","url":null,"abstract":"A new and novel bismuth nitrate and indium bromide-catalyzed glycosylation of aromatic amines with glycal epoxides is described in moderate yield. Despite the poor nucleophilicity of the aromatic amines, the success of this reaction is noteworthy.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80130753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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