Pub Date : 2019-09-26DOI: 10.11648/j.mc.20190703.12
Amagbor Stella Chinelo, Umar Kabiru Jega
The proximate composition and the amino acid profile analyses of the rhizome of Nymphaea lotus (water lily) were carried out based on standard methods reported by the association of official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results of the proximate analysis showed that Nymphaea lotus rhizome had moisture content of 48.83±3.22; crude protein 4.23±0.06; crude fibre 5.00±1.50; ash content 4.67±0.17; high available carbohydrate 35.44 ± 0.01 and energy value 742.10 kJ/100 g. The crude lipid content was low 1.83±0.60. The study detected seventeen different amino acids. The amino acid content in g/100 g protein content was: lysine = 3.11, histidine= 1.82, arginine= 4.25, aspartic acid = 7.60, threonine= 2.19, serine= 3.02, glutamic acid= 9.68, proline= 2.34, glycine= 3.06, alanine= 3.40, cycteine= 0.73, valine= 3.37, methionine= 1.09, isoleucine= 2.35, leucine= 8.24, tyrosine= 2.25 and phenylalnine= 3.72. The studied revealed that glutamic acid, aromatic acids, leucine and aspartic acid were the predominant amino acids. All essential amino acids were found to be higher than WHO/FAO/UNU requirement pattern for adults while leucine was found to be higher than the requirement pattern for preschool children. Lysine however was found to be the most limiting amino acid for preschool children. The presence of these compounds of nutritive value, as well as high energy value suggests that Nymphaea lotus rhizome could serve as a food supplement for livestock and humans.
{"title":"Proximate and Amino Acid Analyses of the Rhizome of Nymphaea lotus (Water Lily)","authors":"Amagbor Stella Chinelo, Umar Kabiru Jega","doi":"10.11648/j.mc.20190703.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190703.12","url":null,"abstract":"The proximate composition and the amino acid profile analyses of the rhizome of Nymphaea lotus (water lily) were carried out based on standard methods reported by the association of official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results of the proximate analysis showed that Nymphaea lotus rhizome had moisture content of 48.83±3.22; crude protein 4.23±0.06; crude fibre 5.00±1.50; ash content 4.67±0.17; high available carbohydrate 35.44 ± 0.01 and energy value 742.10 kJ/100 g. The crude lipid content was low 1.83±0.60. The study detected seventeen different amino acids. The amino acid content in g/100 g protein content was: lysine = 3.11, histidine= 1.82, arginine= 4.25, aspartic acid = 7.60, threonine= 2.19, serine= 3.02, glutamic acid= 9.68, proline= 2.34, glycine= 3.06, alanine= 3.40, cycteine= 0.73, valine= 3.37, methionine= 1.09, isoleucine= 2.35, leucine= 8.24, tyrosine= 2.25 and phenylalnine= 3.72. The studied revealed that glutamic acid, aromatic acids, leucine and aspartic acid were the predominant amino acids. All essential amino acids were found to be higher than WHO/FAO/UNU requirement pattern for adults while leucine was found to be higher than the requirement pattern for preschool children. Lysine however was found to be the most limiting amino acid for preschool children. The presence of these compounds of nutritive value, as well as high energy value suggests that Nymphaea lotus rhizome could serve as a food supplement for livestock and humans.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75397717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-23DOI: 10.11648/J.MC.20190704.14
M. K. Khalil, D. Muhammad, S. Qureshi, Sultan Nawaz, Farooq Ishaq
Citrus waste having acidic reaction may have additional advantage over other organic residues as compost materials in alkaline calcareous soil but the process of its composting is very slow. In this study an attempt was made to access the release of P from RP added citrus waste during 180 of incubation and its effect on pH and EC of the composting media. Citrus waste consisting pulp, fruits skin and juice with total net weight of 500 g (fresh) were added with 0, 15, 30 and 60 g of RP (equivalent to 0, 3, 6 and 12%, respectively) and were incubated in oven at 36°C ± 2 for 180 days. All pots were also added with 20 mL water and 20 g FYM to optimize the moisture level and augment the microbial decay in pots. Results showed that RP mixed citrus waste had higher pH, EC and more water-soluble P as compared to non-treated citrus waste (control) at all incubation intervals of 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 d suggesting releases of salts and P from RP. These values of pH, EC and water-soluble P increased with increase in RP levels and passage of time which could be associated to neutralization of RP with organic acids of citrus and CO2 mineralization with time. It is concluded that addition of RP not only enhanced the quality of compost but could also promote the citrus waste decomposition process. Though the higher RP levels was best in our results, but other levels and their consequent effect on soil and crop yields should be assessed along with their environmental risks for wider and long-term recommendations.
在碱性钙质土壤中，柑桔废弃物的酸性反应可能比其他有机残留物具有额外的堆肥优势，但其堆肥过程非常缓慢。在本研究中，试图了解RP添加柑橘废弃物在180孵育期间P的释放及其对堆肥介质pH和EC的影响。果肉、果皮和果汁净重500 g(新鲜)的柑橘废弃物分别添加0、15、30和60 g RP(分别相当于0、3、6和12%)，在36℃±2的烘箱中孵育180天。所有花盆同时加入20 mL水和20 g FYM，以优化水分水平，增加花盆中的微生物腐烂。结果表明，在0、15、30、60、120和180 d的孵育时间内，RP混合柑橘废弃物的pH、EC和水溶性磷含量均高于未处理柑橘废弃物(对照)。pH、EC和水溶性P值随RP含量的增加和时间的延长而增加，这可能与RP被柑桔有机酸中和和CO2矿化有关。综上所述，添加RP不仅可以提高堆肥质量，而且可以促进柑橘废弃物的分解过程。虽然较高的RP水平在我们的结果中是最好的，但其他水平及其对土壤和作物产量的影响应与其环境风险一起评估，以获得更广泛和长期的建议。
{"title":"Impact of Phosphorite on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Phosphorous Extracted from Incubated Citrus Waste Compost","authors":"M. K. Khalil, D. Muhammad, S. Qureshi, Sultan Nawaz, Farooq Ishaq","doi":"10.11648/J.MC.20190704.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.MC.20190704.14","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus waste having acidic reaction may have additional advantage over other organic residues as compost materials in alkaline calcareous soil but the process of its composting is very slow. In this study an attempt was made to access the release of P from RP added citrus waste during 180 of incubation and its effect on pH and EC of the composting media. Citrus waste consisting pulp, fruits skin and juice with total net weight of 500 g (fresh) were added with 0, 15, 30 and 60 g of RP (equivalent to 0, 3, 6 and 12%, respectively) and were incubated in oven at 36°C ± 2 for 180 days. All pots were also added with 20 mL water and 20 g FYM to optimize the moisture level and augment the microbial decay in pots. Results showed that RP mixed citrus waste had higher pH, EC and more water-soluble P as compared to non-treated citrus waste (control) at all incubation intervals of 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 d suggesting releases of salts and P from RP. These values of pH, EC and water-soluble P increased with increase in RP levels and passage of time which could be associated to neutralization of RP with organic acids of citrus and CO2 mineralization with time. It is concluded that addition of RP not only enhanced the quality of compost but could also promote the citrus waste decomposition process. Though the higher RP levels was best in our results, but other levels and their consequent effect on soil and crop yields should be assessed along with their environmental risks for wider and long-term recommendations.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84259760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigated concentrations of heavy metals in roadside soil dusts collected along Ife-Ibadan highway in Osun state, Nigeria with the aim of assessing the impacts of vehicular emissions on the environments. The soil dusts were analyzed for total metal concentrations and speciation using Atomic absorption spectrophotometry followed by the evaluation of the metal bioavailability. Results of the total metal analysis indicated that the concentrations of the metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) were higher in the contaminated soils than control soils and their WHO maximum allowable limits. The pattern of the total mean concentrations of the metals is in the order: Fe > Cu > Mn > Zn > Pb. The contamination factors of the metals showed that the soils suffered contamination. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that differences existed significantly in the mean values for all the metals across the study sites. Strong correlation among the metals signified common contamination sources. Cluster analysis produced two major groups: A (Fe and Cu) and B (Zn, Mn and Pb) which is subdivided into two sub-groups viz: Bi (Zn and Mn) and Bii (Pb), indicating similar chemical properties/or sources. The results of the T–test indicated that there were significant differences between the concentrations of the metals in contaminated and control soils. The chemical pools of the metals indicated that the metals were distributed into six fractions with most of the metals residing in the non-residual fractions, suggesting how readily the metals are released into the environment.
{"title":"Chemical Speciation, Bioavailability and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals in Highway Dusts as Indicators of Highway Pollution","authors":"Festus Mayowa Adebiyi, Abiodun Odunlami Adegunwa, Odunayo Timothy Ore, Godswill Ehimengbale Akhigbe","doi":"10.11648/J.MC.20190702.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.MC.20190702.12","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated concentrations of heavy metals in roadside soil dusts collected along Ife-Ibadan highway in Osun state, Nigeria with the aim of assessing the impacts of vehicular emissions on the environments. The soil dusts were analyzed for total metal concentrations and speciation using Atomic absorption spectrophotometry followed by the evaluation of the metal bioavailability. Results of the total metal analysis indicated that the concentrations of the metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) were higher in the contaminated soils than control soils and their WHO maximum allowable limits. The pattern of the total mean concentrations of the metals is in the order: Fe > Cu > Mn > Zn > Pb. The contamination factors of the metals showed that the soils suffered contamination. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that differences existed significantly in the mean values for all the metals across the study sites. Strong correlation among the metals signified common contamination sources. Cluster analysis produced two major groups: A (Fe and Cu) and B (Zn, Mn and Pb) which is subdivided into two sub-groups viz: Bi (Zn and Mn) and Bii (Pb), indicating similar chemical properties/or sources. The results of the T–test indicated that there were significant differences between the concentrations of the metals in contaminated and control soils. The chemical pools of the metals indicated that the metals were distributed into six fractions with most of the metals residing in the non-residual fractions, suggesting how readily the metals are released into the environment.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74511630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-17DOI: 10.11648/J.MC.20190702.11
L. Ning
Density is an inherent property of matter, which plays a very important role in production and life. There are many and relatively simple methods to measure the density of large particulate matter. But the density measurement of fine-grained solid materials is difficult because of the volume measurement. Existing methods require expensive and complex equipment. In order to measure the density of fine solids in a simple, convenient, accurate and rapid manner, This paper uses water to fill the gap between the particles of materials, and then through the conversion of water mass and volume, so as to calculate the volume of materials, so as to calculate the density of fine-grained materials. This paper takes fine-grained phosphate ore as an example to demonstrate the application method of this study. The density of phosphate ore measured by this method is 2.84g/cm³ cubed, which is consistent with the theory. Steel ball and copper chip are also used for verification, and the calculated density is close to the theoretical density, which verifies the accuracy and reliability of this method. Through research and demonstration, this method can make it easy, fast and accurate to measure the density of fine solids, save time and investment, and improve efficiency and efficiency.
{"title":"A Method for Measuring the Density of Fine - Grained Solids","authors":"L. Ning","doi":"10.11648/J.MC.20190702.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.MC.20190702.11","url":null,"abstract":"Density is an inherent property of matter, which plays a very important role in production and life. There are many and relatively simple methods to measure the density of large particulate matter. But the density measurement of fine-grained solid materials is difficult because of the volume measurement. Existing methods require expensive and complex equipment. In order to measure the density of fine solids in a simple, convenient, accurate and rapid manner, This paper uses water to fill the gap between the particles of materials, and then through the conversion of water mass and volume, so as to calculate the volume of materials, so as to calculate the density of fine-grained materials. This paper takes fine-grained phosphate ore as an example to demonstrate the application method of this study. The density of phosphate ore measured by this method is 2.84g/cm³ cubed, which is consistent with the theory. Steel ball and copper chip are also used for verification, and the calculated density is close to the theoretical density, which verifies the accuracy and reliability of this method. Through research and demonstration, this method can make it easy, fast and accurate to measure the density of fine solids, save time and investment, and improve efficiency and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86520282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-17DOI: 10.11648/J.MC.20190702.13
Kouadio Valery Bohoussou, Anoubilé Bénié, M. Koné, N’guessan Yao Silvère Diki, Koffi Alexis Respect Kouassi, N. Ziao
Phosphines having a high degree of instability in their syntheses, it is necessary to find conditions for obtaining stable products in order to propose new stable and active compounds. It is this concern that responds to the theoretical study of stability and selectivity. This theoretical study of chemical reactivity was carried out using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method, at the B3LYP/6-31G (p) calculation level. The use of the Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) theory, with the Single Orbital Molecular Orbital (SOMO) cation model, made it possible to study the stability of some isomers formed during the addition of free phosphines to the carbon-carbon triple bond. The analysis of these reactivity quantities allowed us to conclude that the presence of halogens on acetylene influences the stability of the stereoisomers during their formation. This stability increases as the electronegativity of the halogen decreases. The large number of π conjugation favors the formation of Cis isomers and the lack or small amount of π conjugation orients the formation of Trans isomers. The nature of the aryl substituent and the number of low electronegativity halogen on the phosphine are capable of promoting the production of stable products.
{"title":"Contribution to Reactivity, Stability and Selectivity of Monodentated Free Phosphines","authors":"Kouadio Valery Bohoussou, Anoubilé Bénié, M. Koné, N’guessan Yao Silvère Diki, Koffi Alexis Respect Kouassi, N. Ziao","doi":"10.11648/J.MC.20190702.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.MC.20190702.13","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphines having a high degree of instability in their syntheses, it is necessary to find conditions for obtaining stable products in order to propose new stable and active compounds. It is this concern that responds to the theoretical study of stability and selectivity. This theoretical study of chemical reactivity was carried out using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method, at the B3LYP/6-31G (p) calculation level. The use of the Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) theory, with the Single Orbital Molecular Orbital (SOMO) cation model, made it possible to study the stability of some isomers formed during the addition of free phosphines to the carbon-carbon triple bond. The analysis of these reactivity quantities allowed us to conclude that the presence of halogens on acetylene influences the stability of the stereoisomers during their formation. This stability increases as the electronegativity of the halogen decreases. The large number of π conjugation favors the formation of Cis isomers and the lack or small amount of π conjugation orients the formation of Trans isomers. The nature of the aryl substituent and the number of low electronegativity halogen on the phosphine are capable of promoting the production of stable products.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87440588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-13DOI: 10.11648/J.MC.20190701.14
F. Sánchez-Viesca, Martha I Berros, Reina Gómez
This Review is a brief account of our theoretical contributions in seven research communications in the field of reaction mechanisms. Some mechanisms were corrected as in the case of the Baeyer-Drewsen indigo synthesis. When two very different reaction mechanisms had been proposed, as in the Clemmensen Reduction, a unified theory was provided. In other cases there were no reaction mechanisms at all, as in the Baeyer-Emmerling synthesis of indigo and in the Froehde Reaction for opioids. This deficit has been solved. The reaction that controls fructosazone regiochemistry has been described, and an internal process in a mixed osazone formation has been explained. All the proposals are based on well known reactivities and we provide complete and coherent reaction series with commented steps.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Several Organic Reaction Mechanisms","authors":"F. Sánchez-Viesca, Martha I Berros, Reina Gómez","doi":"10.11648/J.MC.20190701.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.MC.20190701.14","url":null,"abstract":"This Review is a brief account of our theoretical contributions in seven research communications in the field of reaction mechanisms. Some mechanisms were corrected as in the case of the Baeyer-Drewsen indigo synthesis. When two very different reaction mechanisms had been proposed, as in the Clemmensen Reduction, a unified theory was provided. In other cases there were no reaction mechanisms at all, as in the Baeyer-Emmerling synthesis of indigo and in the Froehde Reaction for opioids. This deficit has been solved. The reaction that controls fructosazone regiochemistry has been described, and an internal process in a mixed osazone formation has been explained. All the proposals are based on well known reactivities and we provide complete and coherent reaction series with commented steps.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86186071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-25DOI: 10.11648/J.MC.20190701.13
S. Aluvihara, J. Premachandra
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons with some kinds of trace compounds including corrosive causing compounds. Corrosion is a severe consequence regarding the industry of crude oil refining. The scope of this research was to investigate the contributions of corrosive properties of both Murban and Das Blend crude oils on the corrosion rates of seven different types of ferrous metals which are obligatory in the crude oil refining industry. The sulfur contents, Mercaptans contents, organic acid contents and salt contents of both crude oils were tested by following the standard methodologies and recommended instruments. The elemental composition of each metal coupon was tested by the XRF detector. A batch of similar sized metal coupons was prepared and those metal coupons were immersed separately in both crude oils in homogeneous way. After 15, 30 and 45 days from the immersion the corrosion rates of each type of metal were determined by the relative weight loss method with the aid of a microscopic analysis. The decayed ferrous and copper concentrations in crude oil samples were tested by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and the variations of the initial hardness of such metal coupons due to the corrosion were tested as confirmation stages of the formation of the corrosion. There were found some relatively lower corrosion rates from stainless steels with respect to both crude oils among other metals, higher corrosive impact from salts formations of FeS, Fe2O3 and some different trace compounds, higher ferrous and copper concentrations in some of crude oil samples and slight reductions of the initial hardness of most of metal coupons due to the corrosion as the foremost results of the existing research.
{"title":"The Investigation of the Primary Corrosiveness of Crude Oils","authors":"S. Aluvihara, J. Premachandra","doi":"10.11648/J.MC.20190701.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.MC.20190701.13","url":null,"abstract":"Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons with some kinds of trace compounds including corrosive causing compounds. Corrosion is a severe consequence regarding the industry of crude oil refining. The scope of this research was to investigate the contributions of corrosive properties of both Murban and Das Blend crude oils on the corrosion rates of seven different types of ferrous metals which are obligatory in the crude oil refining industry. The sulfur contents, Mercaptans contents, organic acid contents and salt contents of both crude oils were tested by following the standard methodologies and recommended instruments. The elemental composition of each metal coupon was tested by the XRF detector. A batch of similar sized metal coupons was prepared and those metal coupons were immersed separately in both crude oils in homogeneous way. After 15, 30 and 45 days from the immersion the corrosion rates of each type of metal were determined by the relative weight loss method with the aid of a microscopic analysis. The decayed ferrous and copper concentrations in crude oil samples were tested by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and the variations of the initial hardness of such metal coupons due to the corrosion were tested as confirmation stages of the formation of the corrosion. There were found some relatively lower corrosion rates from stainless steels with respect to both crude oils among other metals, higher corrosive impact from salts formations of FeS, Fe2O3 and some different trace compounds, higher ferrous and copper concentrations in some of crude oil samples and slight reductions of the initial hardness of most of metal coupons due to the corrosion as the foremost results of the existing research.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"5005 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78241075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.11648/j.mc.20190701.12
E. Purushotham
Zn nanopowder was prepared by high-energy ball milling has been investigated. Zn powders were ball milled in an argon inert atmosphere. The milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy measurements. Lattice strains in Zn powders produced by milling have been analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction. The lattice strain () and Debye-Waller factor (B) are determined from the half-widths and integrated intensities of the Bragg reflections. Debye-Waller factor is found to increase with the lattice strain. From the correlation between the strain and effective Debye-Waller factors have been estimated for Zn. The variation of energy of vacancy formation as a function of lattice strain has been studied.
{"title":"Synthesis and Effect of Lattice Strain on the Debye-Waller Factors of Zinc Nanoparticles","authors":"E. Purushotham","doi":"10.11648/j.mc.20190701.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190701.12","url":null,"abstract":"Zn nanopowder was prepared by high-energy ball milling has been investigated. Zn powders were ball milled in an argon inert atmosphere. The milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy measurements. Lattice strains in Zn powders produced by milling have been analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction. The lattice strain () and Debye-Waller factor (B) are determined from the half-widths and integrated intensities of the Bragg reflections. Debye-Waller factor is found to increase with the lattice strain. From the correlation between the strain and effective Debye-Waller factors have been estimated for Zn. The variation of energy of vacancy formation as a function of lattice strain has been studied.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83043319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-975X.19.7.268
M. Srinivasan, S. Lohidasan, A. Sinnathambi, K. Mahadik
Aim of the study: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the possible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics (anti-inflammatory) herb-drug interaction of Andrographolide (AN) with meloxicam (Melx) in Wistar rats. Materials and methods: A sensitive and validated RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of AN and Melx in rat plasma. The oral administration of AN (60mg/kg), Melx 1.55mg/kg) and co-admin group in male-Wistar rats were given. The plasma drug concentration was evaluated using the RP-HPLC method and the pharmacokinetic parameters such as Cmax, Tmax, MRT, T½, CL, Vd, and AUC were calculated. Pharmacodynamic parameters such as Change in paw volume, mechanical hyperalgesia, and mechanical nociceptive threshold were evaluated for predicting the herb-drug interaction. Results: In the pharmacokinetic study there was a considerable increase in the Cmax, Tmax, MRT, and T½ of the co-admin (AN+Melx) group when compared with the individually administered groups (AN, Melx). On the contrary, there was a significant reduction in the clearance, whereas Vd remains unaffected. In pharmacodynamics studies, co-admin (AN+Melx) groups were showing a significant increase in the anti-inflammatory activity against the disease control group when compared with the individually drug administered groups (AN, Melx). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the co-admin group exhibited herb-drug interactions by giving a twofold reduction of inflammation when compared with the individually drug administered groups. Medical practitioners and patients should get awareness about the potential HDI's of AN with Melx during the concomitant administration of both drugs to avoid undesirable side effects and drug-related toxicities.
{"title":"Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Andrographolide with Meloxicam in Wistar Rats","authors":"M. Srinivasan, S. Lohidasan, A. Sinnathambi, K. Mahadik","doi":"10.35248/2168-975X.19.7.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-975X.19.7.268","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the possible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics (anti-inflammatory) herb-drug interaction of Andrographolide (AN) with meloxicam (Melx) in Wistar rats. Materials and methods: A sensitive and validated RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of AN and Melx in rat plasma. The oral administration of AN (60mg/kg), Melx 1.55mg/kg) and co-admin group in male-Wistar rats were given. The plasma drug concentration was evaluated using the RP-HPLC method and the pharmacokinetic parameters such as Cmax, Tmax, MRT, T½, CL, Vd, and AUC were calculated. Pharmacodynamic parameters such as Change in paw volume, mechanical hyperalgesia, and mechanical nociceptive threshold were evaluated for predicting the herb-drug interaction. Results: In the pharmacokinetic study there was a considerable increase in the Cmax, Tmax, MRT, and T½ of the co-admin (AN+Melx) group when compared with the individually administered groups (AN, Melx). On the contrary, there was a significant reduction in the clearance, whereas Vd remains unaffected. In pharmacodynamics studies, co-admin (AN+Melx) groups were showing a significant increase in the anti-inflammatory activity against the disease control group when compared with the individually drug administered groups (AN, Melx). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the co-admin group exhibited herb-drug interactions by giving a twofold reduction of inflammation when compared with the individually drug administered groups. Medical practitioners and patients should get awareness about the potential HDI's of AN with Melx during the concomitant administration of both drugs to avoid undesirable side effects and drug-related toxicities.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73157865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.mc.20190701.11
Patricia Leslie Juneva E. Basigsig, John Edward E. Makiling, Chris Jasmine T. Niog, Nicole B. Sarmiento, Shirlamaine Irina G. Masangcay
{"title":"Golden Apple Snail Shell (Pomacea canaliculata) as Prospective Agent in Absorbing Lead (pb) in Water","authors":"Patricia Leslie Juneva E. Basigsig, John Edward E. Makiling, Chris Jasmine T. Niog, Nicole B. Sarmiento, Shirlamaine Irina G. Masangcay","doi":"10.11648/j.mc.20190701.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190701.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"272 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89171315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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