Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886684
S. Suwa, T. Saba, M. Ariyoshi, I. Sasase
We propose a multi-code DS-CDMA receiver with reduced complexity in the forward link. The proposed receiver uses a code orthogonalizing filter (COF) only for the pilot channel. We compare the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed receiver with that of the receiver with COFs for all channels by computer simulations. The results show the proposed receiver achieves reduced hardware complexity without serious performance degradation.
{"title":"Reduced complexity of multi-code DS-CDMA receiver using a COF only for pilot channel in forward link","authors":"S. Suwa, T. Saba, M. Ariyoshi, I. Sasase","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886684","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a multi-code DS-CDMA receiver with reduced complexity in the forward link. The proposed receiver uses a code orthogonalizing filter (COF) only for the pilot channel. We compare the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed receiver with that of the receiver with COFs for all channels by computer simulations. The results show the proposed receiver achieves reduced hardware complexity without serious performance degradation.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123998935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.883298
D. Yoon, Kyongkuk Cho, Jinsock Lee
So far the general expression of bit error rate (BER) has not been derived for M-ary square quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). In this paper, a generalized closed-form BER expression of M-ary square QAM with Gray code bit mapping is derived and analyzed in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.
{"title":"Bit error probability of M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation","authors":"D. Yoon, Kyongkuk Cho, Jinsock Lee","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.883298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.883298","url":null,"abstract":"So far the general expression of bit error rate (BER) has not been derived for M-ary square quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). In this paper, a generalized closed-form BER expression of M-ary square QAM with Gray code bit mapping is derived and analyzed in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129901319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886831
Xiaodong Cai, A. Akansu
Transmit diversity was previously proposed to reduce the detrimental effects in fading channels. In this paper we apply the space-time block codes to multicarrier CDMA systems. Our emphasis is on designing receivers that can decode the space-time codes and suppress the multiple access interference. Among the four detecting schemes we propose the minimum mean square error combiner (MM-SEC) give the best tradeoff between performance and complexity. Simulation results show that MC-CDMA systems with transmit diversity have a much better performance than MC-CDMA systems without transmit diversity in multipath fading channels.
{"title":"Multicarrier CDMA systems with transmit diversity","authors":"Xiaodong Cai, A. Akansu","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886831","url":null,"abstract":"Transmit diversity was previously proposed to reduce the detrimental effects in fading channels. In this paper we apply the space-time block codes to multicarrier CDMA systems. Our emphasis is on designing receivers that can decode the space-time codes and suppress the multiple access interference. Among the four detecting schemes we propose the minimum mean square error combiner (MM-SEC) give the best tradeoff between performance and complexity. Simulation results show that MC-CDMA systems with transmit diversity have a much better performance than MC-CDMA systems without transmit diversity in multipath fading channels.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116170828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886289
Kuei-Chiang Lai, J. Shynk, M. Motamed, R. Gooch
In this paper we examine an adaptive successive interference canceler (ASIC) that can separate direct-sequence code-division-multiple-access (DS/CDMA) signals for the IS-95 (Interim Standard 95) uplink under near-far conditions, i.e., without power control. The ASIC employs a multistage architecture where each stage consists of a conventional matched filter (MF) detector with equal gain combining (EGC), followed by an adaptive interference canceler (AIC) that is adjusted by the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm to track time-varying multipath channels. Variants of the basic ASIC architecture which exploit the specific structure of the IS-95 uplink traffic channel are also discussed. The bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the ASIC is compared with that of other interference cancelers, demonstrating the effectiveness of the ASIC for near-far scenarios.
{"title":"Adaptive successive interference cancellation for the IS-95 uplink","authors":"Kuei-Chiang Lai, J. Shynk, M. Motamed, R. Gooch","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886289","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we examine an adaptive successive interference canceler (ASIC) that can separate direct-sequence code-division-multiple-access (DS/CDMA) signals for the IS-95 (Interim Standard 95) uplink under near-far conditions, i.e., without power control. The ASIC employs a multistage architecture where each stage consists of a conventional matched filter (MF) detector with equal gain combining (EGC), followed by an adaptive interference canceler (AIC) that is adjusted by the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm to track time-varying multipath channels. Variants of the basic ASIC architecture which exploit the specific structure of the IS-95 uplink traffic channel are also discussed. The bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the ASIC is compared with that of other interference cancelers, demonstrating the effectiveness of the ASIC for near-far scenarios.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122679170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886139
A. Abdi, K. Wills, H. A. Barger, Mohamed-Slim Alouini, M. Kaveh
Level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) of the signal envelope are two important second-order channel statistics, which convey useful information about the dynamic temporal behavior of multipath fading channels. In this paper and for a general non-isotropic scattering scenario, in which the mobile receives signal only from particular directions with different probabilities, we derive expressions for the LCR and AFD of Rayleigh, Rice and Nakagami (1960) fading models, including the effect of non-uniform signal angle-of-arrival distribution. The merits and limitations of all the above models in describing the first- and second-order statistics of multipath fading channels are explored through an extensive comparison of theoretical results with narrowband measurements taken in urban and suburban areas at 910.25 MHz.
{"title":"Comparison of the level crossing rate and average fade duration of Rayleigh, Rice and Nakagami fading models with mobile channel data","authors":"A. Abdi, K. Wills, H. A. Barger, Mohamed-Slim Alouini, M. Kaveh","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886139","url":null,"abstract":"Level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) of the signal envelope are two important second-order channel statistics, which convey useful information about the dynamic temporal behavior of multipath fading channels. In this paper and for a general non-isotropic scattering scenario, in which the mobile receives signal only from particular directions with different probabilities, we derive expressions for the LCR and AFD of Rayleigh, Rice and Nakagami (1960) fading models, including the effect of non-uniform signal angle-of-arrival distribution. The merits and limitations of all the above models in describing the first- and second-order statistics of multipath fading channels are explored through an extensive comparison of theoretical results with narrowband measurements taken in urban and suburban areas at 910.25 MHz.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130578639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.883249
Y. Komoriya, M. Tadenuma, Y. Nishino, I. Sasase
Dynamic reservation multiple-access (DRMA) has been proposed to improve the spectrum efficiency of the integrated voice and data services. In that protocol, although the fixed reservation overhead is avoidable, a data terminal that transmits a data message with multiple packets has to reserve a slot for each packet transmission. In order to improve the data message delay without degrading the voice packet loss probability, we propose the DRMA with multiple slots reservation as the proposed-1 DRMA. We also propose the DRMA with multiple slots reservation and retransmission algorithm using exponential backoff scheme as the proposed-2 DRMA to further improve the data message delay. By the performance evaluation using computer simulations, we show that the proposed schemes reduce the data message delay without degrading the voice packet loss probability compared to the conventional DAMA.
{"title":"DRMA with multiple slots reservation and retransmission algorithm using exponential backoff scheme","authors":"Y. Komoriya, M. Tadenuma, Y. Nishino, I. Sasase","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.883249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.883249","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic reservation multiple-access (DRMA) has been proposed to improve the spectrum efficiency of the integrated voice and data services. In that protocol, although the fixed reservation overhead is avoidable, a data terminal that transmits a data message with multiple packets has to reserve a slot for each packet transmission. In order to improve the data message delay without degrading the voice packet loss probability, we propose the DRMA with multiple slots reservation as the proposed-1 DRMA. We also propose the DRMA with multiple slots reservation and retransmission algorithm using exponential backoff scheme as the proposed-2 DRMA to further improve the data message delay. By the performance evaluation using computer simulations, we show that the proposed schemes reduce the data message delay without degrading the voice packet loss probability compared to the conventional DAMA.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132944599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886678
H. Suzuki, Y. Sanada, Rikuhiro Hanai
Diversity systems are very effective for improving signal transmission performance in mobile radio communications. Blind diversity reception utilizing an eigenfilter is proposed and its principle and performance are described. First, analysis on the SNR at the diversity combiner output derives the blind diversity principle. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the problem to maximize signal-to-noise ratio with a constraint condition becomes the one to solve the eigenfilter (the eigenvector associating with the maximum eigenvalue). The power method is employed to calculate this eigenvector. Computer simulations show the eigenfilter convergence characteristics and average bit error rate performance both in static and in fading environments. The simulation demonstrates that the proposed blind diversity system is effective even in the relatively fast fading environments.
{"title":"A blind diversity reception based on eigenfilter approach for mobile communications","authors":"H. Suzuki, Y. Sanada, Rikuhiro Hanai","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886678","url":null,"abstract":"Diversity systems are very effective for improving signal transmission performance in mobile radio communications. Blind diversity reception utilizing an eigenfilter is proposed and its principle and performance are described. First, analysis on the SNR at the diversity combiner output derives the blind diversity principle. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the problem to maximize signal-to-noise ratio with a constraint condition becomes the one to solve the eigenfilter (the eigenvector associating with the maximum eigenvalue). The power method is employed to calculate this eigenvector. Computer simulations show the eigenfilter convergence characteristics and average bit error rate performance both in static and in fading environments. The simulation demonstrates that the proposed blind diversity system is effective even in the relatively fast fading environments.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134101160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.883293
A. Yener, R. Yates, S. Ulukus
CDMA systems are interference limited and therefore efficient interference management is necessary to enhance the capacity of a CDMA system. In this paper we consider combining two effective receiver based interference management strategies: multiuser detection (temporal filtering) and receiver beamforming (spatial filtering). We formulate and examine the performance of several linear filter structures which are all based on minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criteria, but differ in how the MMSE problems are defined in the temporal and spatial domains, i.e., jointly or in cascade. It is shown that while the joint optimum MMSE filter achieves the maximum signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) among all possible linear filters, the constrained optimum MMSE filter which results in a single temporal and single spatial filter outperforms all combined single-user/multiple-user approaches and cascaded optimization approaches either uniformly or asymptotically. The constrained optimum MMSE filter is near-far resistant in all but very highly loaded systems and enjoys low complexity.
{"title":"Combined temporal and spatial filter structures for CDMA systems","authors":"A. Yener, R. Yates, S. Ulukus","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.883293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.883293","url":null,"abstract":"CDMA systems are interference limited and therefore efficient interference management is necessary to enhance the capacity of a CDMA system. In this paper we consider combining two effective receiver based interference management strategies: multiuser detection (temporal filtering) and receiver beamforming (spatial filtering). We formulate and examine the performance of several linear filter structures which are all based on minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criteria, but differ in how the MMSE problems are defined in the temporal and spatial domains, i.e., jointly or in cascade. It is shown that while the joint optimum MMSE filter achieves the maximum signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) among all possible linear filters, the constrained optimum MMSE filter which results in a single temporal and single spatial filter outperforms all combined single-user/multiple-user approaches and cascaded optimization approaches either uniformly or asymptotically. The constrained optimum MMSE filter is near-far resistant in all but very highly loaded systems and enjoys low complexity.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"47 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116301611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.887107
Jeongho Park, Sukhyon Yoon, C. Kang, D. Hong
Adaptive antenna array techniques are known to be good for cancelling multipath and multiuser interference. However, some of them need training signals to estimate the desired signal or have heavy complexity to compute the algorithmic processing. In this paper, we propose an antenna array receiver in a direct sequence/code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) system with M-ary orthogonal modulation. At every antenna a channel estimation technique is used, which refers to the maximum correlator output of a RAKE receiver. The estimated channel coefficients enable coherent detection with no need of training signals. Moreover, the antenna weights, which are determined by the estimated channel coefficients, make it possible to focus the receiver on the desired signal and to suppress the interference signal. Consequently, the proposed receiver has a 2D (dimensions) RAKE structure which can exploit both spatial diversity and temporal diversity. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme improves 1.5 dB in E/sub b//N/sub o/ at a BER=10/sup -3/ over the receiver of noncoherent detection. The results also show that at a BER=10/sup -2/ the proposed receiver improves about 2.3 times and 3 times the system capacity with 3 and 5 antennas, respectively.
{"title":"Antenna array using a channel estimation technique in a DS/CDMA system with M-ary orthogonal modulation","authors":"Jeongho Park, Sukhyon Yoon, C. Kang, D. Hong","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.887107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.887107","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive antenna array techniques are known to be good for cancelling multipath and multiuser interference. However, some of them need training signals to estimate the desired signal or have heavy complexity to compute the algorithmic processing. In this paper, we propose an antenna array receiver in a direct sequence/code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) system with M-ary orthogonal modulation. At every antenna a channel estimation technique is used, which refers to the maximum correlator output of a RAKE receiver. The estimated channel coefficients enable coherent detection with no need of training signals. Moreover, the antenna weights, which are determined by the estimated channel coefficients, make it possible to focus the receiver on the desired signal and to suppress the interference signal. Consequently, the proposed receiver has a 2D (dimensions) RAKE structure which can exploit both spatial diversity and temporal diversity. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme improves 1.5 dB in E/sub b//N/sub o/ at a BER=10/sup -3/ over the receiver of noncoherent detection. The results also show that at a BER=10/sup -2/ the proposed receiver improves about 2.3 times and 3 times the system capacity with 3 and 5 antennas, respectively.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"62 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132463501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-24DOI: 10.1109/VETECF.2000.886828
Jong Youl Lee, Y. Chung, Sang Uk Lee
A new postdetection maximal ratio combining (MRC) and weighted maximal ratio combining (WMRC) diversity receivers for (N, M) differential amplitude phase shift keying (DAPSK) signal are proposed. In the MRC receiver, decision at each branch is made by the minimum distance criterion. The performance of the MRC receiver is analyzed in terms of the union bound for the bit error probability. The WMRC receiver assigns weighting factors to the decision variable at each diversity branch according to the relative distance from the optimum decision boundary. From the results, performance of the WMRC is found to be better than that of the MRC and equal gain combining (EGC) receiver on both the Rayleigh and Rician fading channel. It is also found that the performance improvement of the WMRC over the MRC increases as the number of the diversity branches increases.
{"title":"Postdetection diversity receiver for DAPSK signal over the Rayleigh and Rician fading channel","authors":"Jong Youl Lee, Y. Chung, Sang Uk Lee","doi":"10.1109/VETECF.2000.886828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2000.886828","url":null,"abstract":"A new postdetection maximal ratio combining (MRC) and weighted maximal ratio combining (WMRC) diversity receivers for (N, M) differential amplitude phase shift keying (DAPSK) signal are proposed. In the MRC receiver, decision at each branch is made by the minimum distance criterion. The performance of the MRC receiver is analyzed in terms of the union bound for the bit error probability. The WMRC receiver assigns weighting factors to the decision variable at each diversity branch according to the relative distance from the optimum decision boundary. From the results, performance of the WMRC is found to be better than that of the MRC and equal gain combining (EGC) receiver on both the Rayleigh and Rician fading channel. It is also found that the performance improvement of the WMRC over the MRC increases as the number of the diversity branches increases.","PeriodicalId":186198,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115630251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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